Course MA279/BSC2347 Section 03 Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Online - 2018 Summer Quarter

Test Module 04 Case Study

Started 7/29/18 11:13 AM
Submitted 7/29/18 6:35 PM
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 Question 1
1 out of 1 points
Zane, a 26-year-old male, came upon a car accident and immediately started to
help the victims, who were pinned in their car. There was blood all over the scene
and Zane acted without having any personal protective equipment. While helping
the victims, he cut his arms in several places on the sharp metal and shards of
glass. A few weeks later, he developed flu-like symptoms that persisted for several
days. He went to his clinic and tested negative for influenza. 
 
Because of his recent exposure, Zane’s doctor was suspicious of blood borne pathogens.
Which of the following disorders are blood-borne diseases?
Selected Answer:  
HIV infection
Answers:  
HIV infection
Hepatitis A
Cirrhosis
Leukemia
 Question 2
Needs Grading
Lab tests confirm the presence of HIV antibodies in Zane’s blood. Briefly describe why
there are antibodies present.
Selected Antibodies get formed when there is a foreign body such as bacteria and viruses
Answer: present. Bacteria, viruses and other germs have proteins
on their surface, called antigens. The immune system recognizes
antigens to be foreign; in the presence of certain infections, B
lymphocytes make lots of antibodies which attach to the infecting
germs.
Source:
https://patient.info/health/antibody-and-antigen-tests 

Correct [None]
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 Response [None Given]
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 Question 3
Needs Grading
Briefly define “autoimmunity” and “immunodeficiency” in your own words. Which of
these conditions is Zane more likely to develop?
Selected Answer: Autoimmunity is a state of the body in which it attacks its on cells thinking that they
are foreign cells.
Immunodeficiency is used when the body immunity becomes weak and unable to
protect the healthy cells.
Zane is more likely to develop  an immunodeficiency.
Correct Answer: [None]
Response [None Given]
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 Question 4
1 out of 1 points
During the primary HIV infection, which of the following cells decreases in number?
Selected Answer:  
T-cells
Answers:  
T-cells
B-cells
Natural killer cells
Phagocytes
 Question 5
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following statements is true?
Selected  
Answer:
The cause of death for a patient with AIDS is usually an opportunistic
infection.
Answers: HIV typically causes AIDs within the first year of exposure.
AIDs is caused by depletion of B-cells.
 
The cause of death for a patient with AIDS is usually an opportunistic
infection.
HIV is treated with antibiotics.
 Question 6
Needs Grading
HIV is a retrovirus. Briefly describe how a retrovirus is different from other viruses.
Selected A retrovirus is different from other viruses because it is
composed not of DNA but
Answer:
of RNA, it has an enzyme, called reverse transcriptase, that gives it the
 unique property of transcribing their RNA into DNA after entering a
cell. The retroviral DNA can then integrate into the chromosomal DNA
of the host cell, to be expressed there .
Source:
https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5344
Correct [None]
Answer:
Response [None Given]
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 Question 7
1 out of 1 points
Zane is worried about passing the virus to his friends and family. Which of the
following bodily fluids can transmit HIV? (Select all that apply.)
Selected Answers:  
Blood
 
Semen
Answers:  
Blood
Tears
Feces
Sputum
Sweat
 
Semen
 Question 8
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of acute HIV infection?
Selected Answer:  
Numbness
Answers: Fever
Large, tender lymph nodes
Throat inflammation
 
Numbness
 Question 9
1 out of 1 points
The initial symptoms of HIV infection are followed by clinical latency. Which of the
following statements is true?
Selected  
Answer:
Clinical latency is the second stage of HIV infection and can last
 anywhere from 3 to 20 years.
Answers: Clinical latency is a symptomatic period of infection.
The clinical latency period usually lasts less than a year.
 
Clinical latency is the second stage of HIV infection and can last
anywhere from 3 to 20 years.
Patients usually become overweight or obese during clinical latency.
 Question 10
1 out of 1 points
Zane is told that he may develop AIDS in his lifetime. Which signs and symptoms
would indicate that he has AIDS?
Selected  
Answer:
Encephalitis, tumors, tuberculosis, retinitis, T-cell count below 200
cells/uL
Answers:  
Encephalitis, tumors, tuberculosis, retinitis, T-cell count below 200
cells/uL
Migraines, respiratory disorders, T-cell count over 200 cells/uL
Esophagitis, tumors, diarrhea, B-cell count under 200 cells/uL
Liver spots, abnormal moles, chronic headaches, B-cell count over 200
cells/uL
 Question 11
1 out of 1 points
Justine, a 39-year-old female, has recently been diagnosed with lymphoma. She has
a family history of several cancers, but not lymphoma. Her personal medical
history includes mononucleosis, asthma, and two full-term pregnancies and vaginal
births. Before her diagnosis, she had been feeling “generally sick” and felt several
lumps on her neck and armpits. She had a fever that wouldn’t go away and had
been waking up sweaty in the middle of the night. Microscopy showed the presence
of Reed-Sternberg cells. 
 
Based on the information given, which of the type of lymphoma does Justine have?
Selected Answer:  
Hodgkin lymphoma
Answers: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
 
Hodgkin lymphoma
Lymphocytic lymphoma
 Burkitt’s lymphoma
 Question 12
1 out of 1 points
Reed Sternberg cells are derived from which type of normal cell?
Selected Answer:  
B-lymphocytes
Answers: T-cells
 
B-lymphocytes
Macrophages
Natural killer cells
 Question 13
Needs Grading
Which of Justine’s symptoms signify the presence of lymphadenopathy?
Selected Lymphadenopathy is a disease that affects the lymph nodes, so the symptom that will
Answer: signify its presence will be the mononucleosis, asthma, night sweats, and fever.
Correct [None]
Answer:
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 Question 14
Needs Grading
Aside from the symptoms noted in Justine’s case, list and briefly describe 3 other
symptoms of lymphoma.
Selected Answer: Fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite, and enalrged lymph node.
Correct Answer: [None]
Response Feedback: [None Given]
 Question 15
0 out of 1 points
Lymphoma is definitively diagnosed by which of the following procedures?
Selected Answer:  
Physical exam
Answers: Physical exam
 
Lymph node biopsy
X-ray
White blood cell count
 Question 16
1 out of 1 points
Which of the following is true of Justine’s treatment?
 Selected  
Answer:
Because her lymphoma is localized, he will likely be treated with
radiotherapy alone.
Answers:  
Because her lymphoma is localized, he will likely be treated with
radiotherapy alone.
Palliative care is Justine’s only option.
Alternative and complementary medicine has been shown to be highly
effective for patients with Justine’s type of lymphoma.
Stem cell transplantation is the most common first-line therapy for
patients with Justine’s type of lymphoma.
 Question 17
0 out of 1 points
Which of the following is true of Justine’s diagnosis?
Selected  
Answer:
It is easily treatable and she has a great prognosis.
Answers:  
It is caused by a genetic mutation of a lymphocyte.
It is easily treatable and she has a great prognosis.
It causes her lymphocytes to shrink.
It causes her body to launch an autoimmune attack against its own
lymphocytes.
 Question 18
1 out of 1 points
Which part of Justine’s case study is considered a risk factor for her diagnosis?
Selected Answer:  
Past Epstein-Barr infection
Answers: Her age
Her gender/sex
 
Past Epstein-Barr infection
History of asthma
 Question 19
Needs Grading
Chemotherapy is a very general term for using medications to treat cancers. Briefly
describe how chemotherapy would help Justine.
Selected
Answer: Chemotherapy (chemo) is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemo is usually injected into
 a vein under the skin or taken as a pill. Chemo drugs enter the bloodstream and travel
throughout the body to reach and destroy cancer cells wherever they may be. Chemo is the
main treatment for most people with Hodgkin lymphoma (other than some people with
nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma , or NLPHL). Sometimes chemo is
followed by radiation therapy.

Source:
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/hodgkin-lymphoma/treating/chemotherapy.html
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 Question 20
Needs Grading
How would a bone marrow transplant help treat Justine’s condition?
Selected
Answer: BMT replaces the immature blood-forming cells (stem cells) that grow
into unhealthy lymphocytes with healthy ones. It’s also called a bone
marrow transplant or blood stem cell transplant. There are 2 types of
transplants for HL: autologous transplant uses the patient’s own
blood-forming cells which are collected and store and allogeneic
transplant uses healthy blood-forming cells from a family member,
unrelated donor, or umbilical cord blood. The most common type of
transplant for HL is autologous. An autologous transplant uses very
high doses of chemotherapy (chemo) to destroy all the lymphoma in
the body. But, it also destroys the healthy blood-forming cells inside
the bone marrow. The blood-forming cells repair the marrow so it can
make healthy blood cells. If the lymphoma comes back after an
autologous transplant, an allogeneic transplant may be the next
option.
Source:
https://bethematch.org/patients-and-families/about-
transplant/diseases-treated-by-transplant/hodgkin-lymphoma--hl-/
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Answer:
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