Sustainable Design of Structures PDF

IALCCE 2012
Third International Symposium

on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering
Keynote Lecture
Sustainable Design of Structures:

The Outcomes of the COST
Action C25-WG3
Raffaele Landolfo
University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria, October 4, 2012

IALCCE 2012, Hofburg Vienna, October 4
1. Introduction
2. Sustainable Design of Structures
3. The Outcomes of WG3 of the Cost Action C25
4. What’s next? UNINA
Content
1. Introduction
Content
1. Introduction UNINA
The concept of “Sustainable Development”
Sustainable Development is the "development which meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs"
(Brundtland Report: Our Common Future, 1987)
The 3 main pillars (dimensions) of sustainable development
ECONOMY • Growth of employment

and income
• Security SOCIETY • Eco – efficiency
• Health • Economic development
• Education • Productivity
• Cultural identity
• Empowerment
SUSTAINABLE
• Accessibility DEVELOPMENT
• Stability
• Equality
• Ecosystem integrity
• Reproducibility of
natural resources
ENVIRONMENT • Biodiversity
Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

Sustainable Design of Structures: The Outcomes of the COST Action C25-WG3
View from Rockefeller Center, New York. Photo by Landolfo (2006)
The impact of construction sector on sustainability
The construction sector exercises a wide influence on the rest of society,

having huge impacts on…
…. THE PLANET
ENVIRONMENT
The Construction Industry consumes 50% of

the raw material extracted from the Earth’s
Crust
Constructions comprises the largest energy

consuming sector in Europe with almost
half of the primary energy used
The waste arising from the construction

related activities consists of a third of the
total waste, 970 million tones, produced in
EU
Source : Communication COM(2004)60


….THE ECONOMY
ECONOMY
The building sector has major economic

impact which has traditionally been the main
economic background of the EU coutries
The Construction industry accounts for about

the 10% of the GDP in Europe
The majority of EU Countries buildings
constitute over half of the national wealth
Construction is the largest industrial sector in

EU, representing a quarter of the total output


….THE SOCIETY
SOCIETY
The Construction sectore, in Europe, has

2.5 million of enterprise and 13 million
employees
People spend almost 90% of time in

buildings
People want constructions safe,

economical and environmental friendly

Sustainability & Constructions

Common language for sustainable construction
New concepts, phrases, terms and expressions are being used in the construction industry across
Europe in order to:
1. improve the environmental, social and economic impact of the industry and its outputs
2. provide a common base for the development of harmonized standards for the sustainable
design of constructions

COST Action C25
European COoperazion in the field of Scientific and Techical research
COST ACTION C25:
Sustainability of Constructions
Integrated Approach to Life-time Structural Engineering
“…to promote science-based developments in sustainable

construction in Europe through the collection and collaborative
analysis of scientific results concerning life-time structural
engineering and especially the integration of environmental
assessment methods and tools for structural engineering…”

COST Action C25
European COoperazion in the field of Scientific and Technical research
COST is an intergovernmental framework for European Cooperation in Science

and Technology, allowing the coordination of nationally-funded research on a
European level.
COST contributes to reducing the fragmentation in European research

investments and opening the European Research Area to cooperation worldwide.
COST supports mobility of researchers to create a scientific network and

stimulate innovative activities

COST Action C25 - The network
26 countries + EU JRC
COST Action C25 – Coordination and Working Groups
MC Management Committee  Chair: L. Bragança

 Vice-chair: H. Koukkari
WG1 Criteria for Sustainable Constructions  Chair: R. Blok

Global methodologies, assessment methods,  Vice-chair: H.Gervásio
global models and databases
WG2 Eco-efficiency  Chair: M. Veljkovic

Eco-efficient use of natural resources in  Vice-chair: Z. Plewako
construction materials, products and processes
WG3 Life-time structural engineering  Chair: R. Landolfo

Design for durability, life-cycle performance,  Vice-chair: V. Ungureanu
including maintenance and deconstruction

1. Introduction
Content
Four-storey building which is completely recyclable,
produces no emissions and is self-sufficient in terms of
heating energy requirement. Because of its assembly it is
also completely recyclable ( W. Sobek )
W. Sobek (1998-1999). R128 house. Ref: http://www.wernersobek.de

Foster (2004). Viaduc de Millau. France
2. Sustainable Design of Structures UNINA
Sustainability of structures: a multi-performance based approach

The challenge of sustainability of structures is to maximize the mechanical, durability,
economic and environmental performance of a structure, during the whole life-cycle,
reducing, at the same time, the adverse impacts played on planet, people and economy
ENVIRONMENTAL requirements
• Hygiene, health and environment
• High recycling rates of structural components ECONOMIC requirements
• Reduced energy and water consumption
• Reduced waste disposal • Raw material cost
•… • Production costs
• Reduced construction cost
• Reduced operational costs,
SOCIAL requirements • Reduced maintenance costs
• Mechanical resistance and stability • Increase revenue
• Safety in case of fire •…
• Safety in use
• Protection against noise
• Structural resistance
• Robustness & resiliency

Sustainability of structures
DESIGN
END OF LIFE CONSTRUCTION
LIFE CYCLE
DISMANTLMENT IN USE
MAINTENANCE

Multi-performance Time-Dependant Based Approach
INTEGRATED APPROACH
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
1 MULTI-PERFORMANCE
• Enhanced safety and reliability
• Reduced environmental impacts
END OF LIFE CONSTRUCTION • Optimized life-cycle costs
• ...
2 LIFE-CYCLE ORIENTED
The basic requirements shall be achieved
during the whole life-cycle of the
construction
IN USE
DISMANTLMENT 3 BASED ON QUANTITATIVE
METHODOLOGIES
Performance requirements shall be verified
MAINTENANCE according to quantitative methodologies

Multi-performance Time-Dependant Based Approach
ASSESSMENT METHODS
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN

LCA LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT
(ISO 14040:2006; ISO 14044:2006)
+
LIFE CYCLE COST
LCC
(ISO 15685-5:2008)
IN USE
DISMANTLMENT
+
MAINTENANCE LIFE CYCLE PERFORMANCE
LCP
(EN 1990-1999; ISO 13823:2008)

The Design Approach – Methods for Environmental assessment
LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL
DESIGN
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT ( LCA )
ISO 14040: 2006 and ISO 14044: 2006
LCA
Process to valuate the environmental burdens
LCC associated with a product process or activity by
LCP
identifying energy and materials used and wastes
DISMANTLMENT IN USE
released to the environment, and to evaluate and
implement opportunities to affect environmental
MAINTENANCE improvement
OBJECTIVES To identify energy and materials used and wastes released to the environment, and to
evaluate and implement opportunities to affect environmental improvement.
At design stage, LCA addresses the selection among different design options and it helps to
BENEFITS identify the life cycle stages associated with maintenance, repair and rehabilitation
of components

The Design Approach – Methods for Environmental assessment
LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL
DESIGN
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT ( LCA )
ISO 14040: 2006 and ISO 14044: 2006
LCA
t CO2
S1: GFRP Wrapping
LCC
LCP
DISMANTLMENT IN USE
S2: RC Jacketing
MAINTENANCE
GWP
1 Goal and Scope definition (G&S)

2 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)
3 Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Four main stages
4 Life Cycle Interpretation (LCIN)

The Design Approach – Methods for Economic assessment
LIFE CYCLE COSTING
DESIGN
LIFE CYCLE ( LCC )
ISO 15686-5: 2008
LCA
Calculation methodology concerned with the

LCC estimation of the costs, in monetary terms, over
LCP
DISMANTLMENT IN USE the whole life cycle : construction, operation,
maintenance and repair (and sometimes
demolition) of a building.
MAINTENANCE
Minimising the sum of the life cycle costs, in current values, thus benefiting both owner and
OBJECTIVES end users. LCC aims at the optimization of the design granting better results in extended life,
performance and sustainability, avoiding over design and excessive waste.
Compared to the current approach, which estimates only the direct costs for construction and
maintenance, LCC extends the analysis over the whole life of the project, showing the real
BENEFITS value of the investment.

The Design Approach – Methods for Economic assessment
LIFE CYCLE COSTING
DESIGN
LIFE CYCLE ( LCC )
A reliability-based life cycle costing
Cost (€)
LCA
total expected cost
LCC
LCP
DISMANTLMENT IN USE
Initial cost
MAINTENANCE
Maintenance
& repair cost
• Design/Construction
Failure cost
Total • Preventive Maintenance
Expected • Inspection
βopt
Cost • Repair Reliability (β)
• Failure
Ref: FRANGOPOL & ESTES (2005). A representation of reliability-based life cycle costing.

The Design Approach – Methods for Structural assessment
LIFE CYCLE PERFORMANCE
DESIGN
LIFE CYCLE ( LCP )
EN 1990-1999; ISO 13823:2008
LCA Evaluation of structural performances during the life-cycle

Structural
LCC performance
LCP Presumed capacity Actual capacity considering the
DISMANTLMENT IN USE deterioration occurred
Capacity
F
Demand
MAINTENANCE
F: “Failure event”
Required
tfail: Time of failure
performance level
t
tfail
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the period of time during which a structure or any component is able to achieve the structural performance
requirements defined at the design stage with an adequate degree of reliability.
Durability requirements shall be checked at the same design level that is currently used for ordinary
BENEFITS mechanical design (limit state method, probability based design)

Towards an integrated approach for the structural design
WG3
LCP
LCC
LCA

1. Introduction
Content
3. The Outcomes of WG3 of the Cost Action C25 UNINA
WG3 Organization
WG3 Life-time structural engineering

Design for durability, life-cycle performance, including
maintenance and deconstruction
WP1 Life-cycle performance: verification methods for

durability of constructions (degradation models and
service design life)
WP2 Monitoring of life-cycle performance (life-cycle safety,

functionality, quality, demolition and deconstruction)

Contribution of WG3 members

Main tasks
WP1 T1. State of the art on Service Life Prediction and

Design Methodologies
A
T2. State of the art on Deterministic and Probabilistic DESIGN
Degradation Models
WP2 T3. State of the art on survey and condition assessment

of structures
B
T4. Maintenance, repair and rehabilitation techniques IN USE
and planning
T5. Demolition and deconstruction C

END OF LIFE


Main tasks
T1. State of the art on Service Life Prediction and

A
Degradation Models
T3. State of the art on survey and condition assessment

of structures
B
and planning

END OF LIFE

T1. Service life prediction & design methodologies

Main Topics
Each construction, during its life cycle, will face with deterioration depending on
several factors such as:
material susceptibility
natural aging process
execution of the works

A
environmental exposure conditions DESIGN
quality of the material

B
planned maintenance IN USE
……
C
Generally speaking, a deterioration could lead to a decrease of performance to such
an extent that a structure could be not able to satisfy the basic serviceability and END OF LIFE
safety requirements before the design life has expired


Main Topics
In order to prevent the premature failure of a construction due to an unexpected
deterioration, a quantitative evaluation of the durability performances shall be
performed since the design stage.
The scientific research in the field of

Risk based
durability and service life prediction
has been very active in the last years
Probabilistic A
DESIGN
Semi-probabilistic
B
Deterministic
feedback from practice IN USE
C
The first task of WG3 (T1) dealt with a critical review of the different methodologies
END OF LIFE
developed in the framework of international scientific literature for the verification of the
structural performance over the life cycle


WG3 contribution Deterministic
feedback from practice
State of the art review on concept and method provided in standard and codes
concerning service life prediction
ISO and CEN standards concerning service life planning Service Life Planning (SLP) for
buildings and constructed assets (ISO 15686) developed by ISO/TC59/SC14
FACTOR METHOD ISO 15686-1 2000 A

DESIGN
ESL=RSL x A x B x C x D x F x G A. Quality of components as supplied to the project;
B. Design level of a component or assembly’s
installation; B
RSL= Reference service life C. Work execution level or skill level of the installers;
IN USE
D. Indoor environment;
E. Outdoor environment;
ESL= Estimated service life F. In-use conditions;
G. Maintenance level. C
END OF LIFE
Vesikari & Landolfo_Service Life Prediction Methods Referred to by Eurocode 0; Trinius & Sjöström_Standardization of Service Life Methodologies


Semi-probabilistic
WG3 contribution
Special focus on methods given in the ISO 13823:2008 Probabilistic
‘General principles on the design of structures for durability’
The standard provides conceptal framework for the application of limit states
methods to durability design
• Basic concepts for verifying durability A

• Definition of durability limit states DESIGN
• Durability requirements
• Formats for checking durability B
• Design life of a structure and its components IN USE
• Strategies for durability design

C
END OF LIFE
Landolfo & E. Vesikari, Service Life Design Methods for Civil Engineering Structures;


WG3 contribution Risk based
This approach utilizes quantitative definitions of exposure, robustness and vulnerability

of building structures. Both direct and indirect consequences associated with loss of
functionality, failure or collapse should be taken into consideration.
Hazard identification, modeling of hazard

A
scenarios, estimation of probabilities and
consequences compels the designer to careful DESIGN
examination of the whole building process and

its interactions with safety, economy, social and B
natural environment.
IN USE
C
END OF LIFE
Sz. Wolinski, Risk Based Approach to Service Life Assessment of Building Structures


Main tasks

A
Degradation Models

of structures
B
and planning

END OF LIFE

T2. Degradation models

Main Topics
The second task of WG3 deals with the problem of modeling the deterioration of
structural materials for the life cycle performance evaluation of structures.
Deterioration models of structural materials are usually expressed as dose-response

functions which provide the deterioration rate of a given material over time as a
function of both material related factors and structure environment parameters.
STRUCTURE TRANSFER ENVIRONMENTAL

MATERIAL ACTION EFFECT
ENVIRONMENT MECHANISM ACTION
A
Thickness loss,
Outdoor Condensation; Atmospheric DESIGN
STEEL aesthetic loss, rust
atmosphere no drainage corrosion
expansion
REINFORCED Outdoor/indoor Loss of bond, failure of

CONCRETE atmosphere Diffusion Chloride attack
reinforcement B
IN USE
Direct Subterranean Loss of material,
WOOD Ground
exposure termites strength
C
WG3 attempted to provide an overview of the degradations models developed in END OF LIFE
the framework of scientific literatures for, steel, concrete, masonry and timber.


METAL structures – Corrosion model
Modeling approaches of atmospheric corrosion

damage of metal structures, which are available in
both ISO standards and the literature
Dose response function. ICP MATERIALS

International Co-operative Programme on Effects on Materials including
A
Historic and Cultural Monuments
DESIGN
Material Mass Loss, ML [g/m2]
Weathering steel (unshltered) ML=34[SO 2 ]0.33 exp{0.020Rh+f(T)}t 0.33

B
Zinc ML=1.4[SO 2 ]0.22 exp{0.018Rh+f(T)}t 0.85 +0.029Rain [H+]t IN USE
Aluminium ML=0.0021[SO 2 ]0.23 Rhexp{f(T)}t 1.2 +0.000023Rain [Cl-]t
Copper ML=0.0021[SO 2 ]0.23 [O3 ]0.79Rhexp{f(T)}t 0.78 +0.029Rain[H+]t C

Weathering steel (shltered) ML=8.2[SO 2 ]0.24 exp{0.025Rh+f(T)}t 0.66 END OF LIFE
R. Landolfo, L. Cascini & F. Portioli Modelling of Corrosion Damage for Metal Structures


METAL structures – Fatigue
Fatigue load model
Fatigue is a major aspect within the design and

maintenance of bridges during the whole life time
The current fatigue design procedure for steel and Strees history and cycle counting
composite according to the Eurocodes offers a quite
up to date concept including: A
• different verification procedures ranging from DESIGN
simplified to quite sophisticated,

• different safety concepts taking into account the B
owner’s strategy concerning maintenance and IN USE
inspection
A detail from the I 35W bridge on Mississippi
• a detail catalogue with more than 70 different river Minneapolis (USA). Collapsed on august C
2007
constructional details that allows in most cases a END OF LIFE
proper and durable design over the whole life U. Kuhlmann, H.-P. Günther, J. Raichle, & M. Euler
time. Fatigue of Steel and Composite Bridges


REINFORCED CONCRETE structures
The models for general degradation in concrete

structures are widely accepted and they can be
used for predicting the service life of a concrete
structure
A
Carbonation DESIGN
Penetration of chlorides
B
IN USE
Corrosion of reinforcement
Freeze-thaw deterioration C
END OF LIFE
E. Vesikari, Ch. Giarma & J. Bleiziffer Degradation Models of Concrete Structures


WOOD structures
A
• For service life of wood products, modeling of biological deterioration DESIGN
will give a tool to evaluate the effect of environmental exposure to

performance of wood in exterior conditions B
IN USE
• These models can also be as basic knowledge for developing the service life
evaluation methods for wood products and structure.
C
• Factor method presented in the ISO 15686 can be used as a basic methods for
END OF LIFE
evaluate the service life of wooden cladding
H.A. Viitanen, T. Toratti, R. Peuhkuri, T. Ojanen & L. Makkonen Durability and service life of wood structures and components


Main tasks

A
Degradation Models

of structures
B
and planning

END OF LIFE

T3. Survey and condition assessment of structures

Main Topics
The third task of WG3 was to collect information concerning the state of art, the
specification, the implementation and the operation of:
MONITORING CONCEPTS AND

TECHNIQUES
A
DESIGN
SURVEY AND CONDITION ASSESSMENT
METHODS & PRACTICES
B
IN USE
CONDITION ASSESSMENT TOOLS
C
END OF LIFE


WG3 Contribution on monitoring
• Instrumental techniques • Structural health monitoring
Special attention is devoted to

hardware and analysis aspects
of implementation of automated
SHM systems for civil structures
Typical sensors monitoring specimen
Fabbrocino & C. Rainieri Monitoring of structural behaviour of
buildings A
DESIGN
• Wireless sensor network
Overview of the B
Strain gauges Inductive position sensor
technology and IN USE
specific
challenges of
wireless sensor C
network
END OF LIFE
G. Hauf & O. Hechler Monitoring – an introduction Feltrin, R. Bischoff, J. Meyer & O. Saukh


WG3 Contribution on survey and condition assessment of structures
During the last decades, focus has been put on inspection of the existing building
and bridge stock and related condition assessment procedures.
Diagnosis, on-site assessment and visual inspection of reinforced concrete structures.
A
DESIGN
B
With respect to bridges, a step-by-step
procedure, based on a general procedure IN USE
developed by the Joint Committee for Structural

Safety (JCSS 2001), for the fatigue assessment is C
proposed.
END OF LIFE
B. Kühn & O. Hechler Survey and Condition assessment


WG3 Contribution on survey and condition assessment of structures
MEDEA is a damage and vulnerability assessment tool, which

guides engineers toward a the safety assessment of reinforced
concrete and masonry structures.
The assessment tool is based on the identification of possible
typological vulnerability factors of masonry and r.c. buildings,
which are listed and combined with potential collapse
mechanisms to be activated under seismic excitation
A
DESIGN
B
IN USE
C
END OF LIFE
G. Zuccaro & M. F. Leone


Main tasks

A
Degradation Models

of structures
B
and planning

END OF LIFE

T4. Maintenance, repair and rehabilitation techniques and planning

Main Topics
State of the art concerning theories and techniques for the maintenance, repair and
rehabilitation of building and bridges
General presentation of computer based systems for the management of

constructions, such as the life cycle management tools developed in the framework
of the European Project LIFECON (2001-2003) and the BIM based tools for the
predictive life-cycle management developed by Technical University of Munich, TUM A
DESIGN
B
IN USE
C
END OF LIFE


WG3 Contribution
State of the art review on the general approach of structural intervention together
with an overview of the available techniques for the retrofit of existing building
A
DESIGN
B
IN USE
C
END OF LIFE
V. Ungureanu, A. Dogariu, D. Dubina, A. Ciutina, R. Landolfo, F.M. Mazzolani& F. Portioli
Maintenance, repair and rehabilitation of buildings


WG3 Contribution
Lifecycle Management tools based on Building
Information Models
• Development of a predictive life-cycle

management system for concrete buildings
(mainly bridges)
A
• BIM-based management of all information
relevant for the assessment of a building’s DESIGN
state.
• Prediction: future state is computed on the B
basis of inspection data and prognosis final IN USE
objective: cost-effective, optimized, and
sustainable maintenance of concrete
buildings C
END OF LIFE
E. Vesikari, A. Borrmann & K. Lukas Management systems for maintenance, repair and rehabilitation


WG3 Contribution Generate random population of
PM times Ti and number of
applications Q for all PM types
An advanced method for the optimization of
structural maintenance of bridges is presented. Perform GA operations
Automated multi-objective optimization of Repeat for each GA chromosome
maintenance strategies considering the lifetime

unavailability and the life-cycle cost as criteria are Repeat for each PM type
presented.
Tsi = [T1, T2, …, TQ]
A
The proposed approach is able to provide optimum
DESIGN
maintenance strategies considering a combination of Perform EM optimization
multiple essential maintenance options and multiple
preventive maintenance options applied at regular or Compute objective functions B
irregular time-intervals. for the obtained strategy
IN USE
The lifetime unavailability is calculated based on no

GA converged?
lifetime functions. Genetic algorithms are used to C
solve the optimization problem. yes
END OF LIFE
Obtain Pareto-optimal solution
D.M. Frangopol & N.M. Okasha Bridge Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation in a Life-Cycle Context


Main tasks

A
Degradation Models

of structures
B
and planning

END OF LIFE

T5. Demolition and deconstructions

Main Topics
The total production of construction and demolition waste in the European Union is
about 450 million ones per year and represents the most part of waste stream.
In the EU, the amount of construction and demolition waste is estimated to be 480 kg
per person per year.
A
DESIGN
B
IN USE
Besides, construction and demolition waste has a very high recycling potential
C
In line with that, in the last of WG3 (T5) the key principles of different design strategies END OF LIFE
for re-use and recycling of buildings are presented, including design for adaptability, for
dismantling and design for deconstruction


WG3 Contribution on demolition
A general overview of the most common
techniques for the demolition of buildings and
bridges are presented.
Main techniques Usage Quota
Deconstruction by excavators with shears etc. 82%

Exploding 4%
Deconstruction with wrecking balls 3%
Other machines 3%
Precussion, abrasion, heating etc. 3% A
Robots 0.3%
DESIGN
Other 1.7%
Excavated
Construction material
site wasre (140,90)
B
(4,30)
Besides, an analysis of the construction waste IN USE
arising from demolition, with a special focus on
Building
no more usable products (such as plastic, PVC, demolition
polystyrene, rubbish.) is presented. waste (52,10) Composition C
of C&D
Waste in END OF LIFE
Germany
Road demolition
waste (16,60) (2005)
P. Kamrath Deconstruction of buildings: Masses and types


WG3 Contribution on End of life scenarios and Design for Deconstruction
END OF LIFE SCENARIOS
Disassembly technique is a new discipline within the field of architectural/engineering practice and
theory. In a resource perspective, the implementation of documentation which explains how
buildings are demolished, or how materials can be reused and respectively recycled becomes
crucial.
End-of-life scenarios
Building reuse or relocation,

Component reuse or relocation in a new building,
A
Material reuse in the manufacture of new DESIGN
component,
Material recycling into new materials.
B
THE 4 STEP OF DECONSTRUCTION: IN USE
Design for deconstruction is thus defined as “design for

deconstruction of structures and complex building parts C
into basic materials” so that they enable resubmission of
the materials in the resource loop at the end of life of a END OF LIFE
building or structure.
O. Hechler, O. P. Larsen & S. Nielsen Design for Deconstruction


WG3 Contribution
Principles of the structural design for deconstruction
• Use as wide of structural grid as

possible to maximize the non-structural
wall elements
• Use prefabricated subassemblies and a
system of mass production
• Use an open building system where A
parts of the building are more freely
DESIGN
interchangeable and less unique to one
application
• Minimize the number of different B
types of components for simplification
IN USE
of sorting
• Simply supported beams should be
used in concrete structures C
• Design modular structures END OF LIFE


WG3 Contribution
Deconstruction techniques for buildings and bridges
A
DESIGN
B
IN USE
C
END OF LIFE
F. Portioli, M. D‘Aniello, E. Cadoni, R.P. Borg & O. Hechler Demolition and deconstruction of bridges


WG3 Contribution
Some examples of best practices of structures designed for deconstructions
A
DESIGN
B
IN USE
C
Restaurant of Cz pavilion END OF LIFE
left: EXPO ’58
right: reused as Office building in Praha, Cz, 2008 O. Hechler, O. P. Larsen & S. Nielsen Design for Deconstruction


WG3 Contribution
Some examples of best practices of structures designed for deconstructions
Footbridge to
the German
pavilion
(left: EXPO’58;
right: reused in
Duisburg,
Germany, 2008.
A
DESIGN
B
IN USE
C
END OF LIFE

Summary Report of the WG3

Volume 2: Integrated
Approach to Life-time
structural engineering
Publisher(s): University of Malta
ISBN/ISSN: 978-99957-816-2-0
Pages: 398

1. Introduction
Content
Concluding remarks
Nowadays, the sustainability of

constructions has become a current topic
which involves all sectors with the relevant
expertise.
In line with that, theoretical methodologies,

tools and best practice rules have been
developed in order to achieve the goals of
sustainable design of structures according to
a time-dependent multi-performance based
approach.
The next challenge is to cope the gap between research and common practice even at standard level. In
this direction the Construction Sector Network (CSN) of the European Committee for Standardization
(CEN), has planned to develop a second generation of Eurocodes, widening of the scope from the current
structural design to other design criteria related to sustainability.

Catastrophic events & Resilient urban environments

Constructions are subjected more and more to exceptional
actions, which were not taken into account at the design stage,
producing huge damages.
In line with that a growing attention has been put towards the
concept of resilience of urban environments. With the aim to
reduce both the produced damages and the repair time.
but resilience & Sustainability are related. Many of the

essential principles of sustainability are strictly linked to the core
pillars of resilience. The next step is to take a step forward and
talk about sustainable resilience

European Erasmus Mundus Master - SUSCOS
SUStainable COnstructionS
under natural hazards and
catastrophic events
http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/suscos

European Erasmus Mundus Master - SUSCOS
United Nations Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Global Sustainability (2012).

Resilient people, resilient planet: A future worth choosing, Overview. New York: United Nations.

Thanks for kind attention
UNINA
Raffaele Landolfo

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IALCCE 2012

Third International Symposium

Sustainable Design of Structures:

Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria, October 4, 2012

The concept of “Sustainable Development”

The 3 main pillars (dimensions) of sustainable development

ECONOMY • Growth of employment

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

The impact of construction sector on sustainability

The construction sector exercises a wide influence on the rest of society,

The Construction Industry consumes 50% of

Constructions comprises the largest energy

The waste arising from the construction

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

The impact of construction sector on sustainability

The construction sector exercises a wide influence on the rest of society,

The building sector has major economic

The Construction industry accounts for about

Construction is the largest industrial sector in

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

The impact of construction sector on sustainability

The construction sector exercises a wide influence on the rest of society,

The Construction sectore, in Europe, has

People spend almost 90% of time in

People want constructions safe,

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

Sustainability & Constructions

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

COST Action C25

European COoperazion in the field of Scientific and Techical research

COST ACTION C25:

“…to promote science-based developments in sustainable

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

COST Action C25

European COoperazion in the field of Scientific and Technical research

COST is an intergovernmental framework for European Cooperation in Science

COST contributes to reducing the fragmentation in European research

COST supports mobility of researchers to create a scientific network and

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

COST Action C25 - The network

COST Action C25 – Coordination and Working Groups

MC Management Committee  Chair: L. Bragança

WG1 Criteria for Sustainable Constructions  Chair: R. Blok

WG2 Eco-efficiency  Chair: M. Veljkovic

WG3 Life-time structural engineering  Chair: R. Landolfo

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

W. Sobek (1998-1999). R128 house. Ref: http://www.wernersobek.de

Sustainability of structures: a multi-performance based approach

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

END OF LIFE CONSTRUCTION

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

LIFE CYCLE DESIGN

END OF LIFE CONSTRUCTION

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

1 Goal and Scope definition (G&S)

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

Calculation methodology concerned with the

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo

LCA Evaluation of structural performances during the life-cycle

Keynote lecture Raffaele Landolfo