050401-E01 RESOURCE Immobilizer (H.I.S.S.

) Page: 1

RESOURCE

IMMOBILIZER (H.I.S.S.)

CONTENTS
Page

„ Background of research and development of immobilizer 2

„ System structures 3
„ Registration of a spare key 7
„ Replacement of the ignition switch 11
„ Replacement of the ECM 17
„ Troubleshooting 19
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„ BACKGROUND OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

OF IMMOBILIZER
In the late 20th century there had been frequent occurrences of car theft in Europe. To
improve the situation, EU mandated all the cars released after January 1997 to be
equipped with electronic mobile locking system. This pushed the spread of an anti-theft
system usually called Immobilizer.

To turn the engine ignition ON, the ID in transponder buried in the ignition key and the ID
in the ECM installed to the vehicle must agree. In Germany where installment of
immobilizer had become mandatory in 1995, vehicle theft rate dropped 17.6% from the
previous year.

Components Ignition

Transponder
(buried in the key head)

Control
Ring antenna
Power supply
(radio wave)

ECM

Control
ID code (radio wave) ID verification

Amplifier

Fuel injection
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„ SYSTEM STRUCTURES
Ignition key

- Has a built-in electronic chip called

transponder.
- Has an unique ID given in the factory.
- Has a built in memory that records an
ECM ID only once.
Transponder

ECM

- Immobilizer is built-in to ECM of PGM-FI or

ignition.
- Records up to four key IDs.
- Has an unique vehicle ID that is shared with
registered keys.

Receiver (Antenna)

- Intermediate the communication

between an ignition key and the ECM.
- Attached over the ignition switch.
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Immobilizer indicator

- Its LED lamp comes on when the ignition

switch is turned ON, then comes off when
the system is normal. The lamp keeps
shining if there are errors and the engine
cannot be started.

BASIC FUNCTION

When the ignition switch is turned ON, the ECM supplies DC5V of power to antenna.
Then the antenna transmits an electromagnetic wave to the key and its electronic circuit
begins to operate. At the same time, the ECM tries to verify the key’s ID.
The key answers by sending its ID information. The ECM turns off the LED lamp of the
immobilizer indicator and enables ignition after completing the verification.
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ID AND MEMORY

Each key and the ECM have their own unique IDs. Moreover, a key has a memory -
transponder - that records a vehicle ID only once. This ID written in the memory cannot be
erased or replaced. The ECM has a memory as well to record key IDs. It stores up to four
IDs and there is no limit of rewriting.

ECM
Rewritable memory to
store key IDs

Key
memory

memory
ID memory
ID
memory

memory
Each key has a Vehicle ID registered in a
unique ID that key cannot be replaced.
cannot be erased Vehicle ID (secret
or changed. code) that cannot be
erased or changed.

Upon shipment a vehicle comes with two original keys. The keys share their information
with the ECM and vice versa.

Key

ID ID
ID

ID
ID
memory

ID ID memory
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WHAT TO DO WHEN…

You would like to have a spare key

1. Purchase an unregistered blank key (a key without grooves).

2. Grind the key same as the original key.
3. Register the key to the ECM (see page 7).

The ignition switch is broken

1. Purchase a new ignition switch. Remember to keep your original keys.

2. Register the two keys come with the ignition switch in the ECM (see page 11).

All the keys are lost

You have to replace the ECM when all the keys are lost.
1. Purchase a new ECM.
2. Purchase two blank keys and grind them according to the numbers of the original keys.
* You have to replace the ignition switch as well if you do not know the key number.
3. Register the keys in the ECM (see page 7).
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„ REGISTRATION OF A SPARE KEY

- You can register up to four keys including the original keys.
- You have to replace the ECM when all the keys are lost.

REQUIRED ITEMS AND TOOLS

1. All the original keys

2. A new key with grooves
3. Inspection adaptor 07XMZ-MBW0101
* You will need a test harness adaptor
070MZ-MEC0101 for water-proof
connector.

Model case

Register a spare key in the ECM which already

stores two original keys.

ECM Original keys

Stores two original key IDs

ID-b ID ID-a ID

ID-a
A new key
ID-b
No vehicle ID stored
ID
memory

memory
ID-c memory
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REGISTRATION PROCEDURES

To register a new key, it is necessary to have the ECM ready for registration using an
original key. Since all the data stored in the ECM will be erased once it enters the
registration mode, you need to register all the keys again.

1. Setting ECM for registration Inspection adaptor Black Red

(1) Remove the connector of pulse generator

and connect the inspection adaptor.
(2)
(2) Connect the clips of the inspection
adaptor to the battery.

(3) Turn the ignition switch ON with one of

the original keys. (1)

(4) Disconnect the red clip of the inspection

adaptor for more than two seconds, then
connect it again. This lets you to begin
the registration. Connector of the pulse generator (red)

(4)
(3)

Now the ECM enters registration mode.

All the previous data are erased and the
original key’s ID is re-registered.
The indicator comes on for about two
seconds, then blinks four times,
confirming the system is in registration
mode.
Re-registered

Data deleted
ID-a

ID

Indicator shows the ECM is in registration mode

0,5 sec 1,5 sec

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STATUS OF THE ORIGINAL KEYS, A SPARE KEY AND THE ECM

The original keys

ID-a ID ID-b ID

ID-a
A spare key

ID

ID-c

2. Re-registration of the other original key

Turn the ignition switch OFF and remove the key after confirming the ECM entered
registration mode. Then turn the ignition ON again with the other original key. If the re-
registration is successful, the indicator comes on for about two seconds, then blinks four
times.

ID-a ID
ID-a
The key’s ID is re-registered
ID-b
ID
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3. Registration of a spare key

Registration procedures of a spare key are same as re-registration of an original one.

Turn the ignition switch ON with the new key when the ECM is in registration mode. If the
key already has another vehicle’s ID, it cannot be registered.
When you turn the ignition switch ON with a new key, it and the ECM share their IDs.
When the key registration is done after turning the ignition ON, the indicator lights for 2
sec. then blinks four times.

ID-c ID
ID-a
ECM ID recorded ID-b
ID
Key ID recorded ID-c

4. Finishing operation

Cancel the registration mode and make sure all the keys are correctly registered and
functional.

- Turn the ignition switch OFF and remove the key.

- Remove the inspection adaptor and hook up the connector of the pulse generator.
- Turn the ignition switch ON with one of the keys you registered.
- Indicator comes on for about two seconds and comes off if everything is normal. Check
all the keys with this method.
- If the immobilizer indicator shows an error, go through the whole registration process
again.
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„ REPLACEMENT OF THE IGNITION SWITCH

In case the ignition switch is broken (e.g. cylinder gets tampered) you need to replace it
with a new one and register the accompanying keys. However, how do you set ECM up
for registration when the original keys cannot turn the now-broken ignition switch ON?
Here is how.

REQUIRED ITEMS

1. One of the original (registered) keys

2. A new ignition switch and a pair of accompanying keys
3. Inspection adaptor 07XMZ-MBW0101

1. ACHIEVING THE CONDITION FOR REGISTRATION

(1) Remove the old ignition switch and connect the new one to the wire harness. Do not
attach it onto the head pipe now.

(2) Place the original key on the receiver. Make sure there is an enough distance more
than 5cm from the receiver to avoid jamming.

(3) Turn the ignition switch ON with the new key and confirm the system operates
normally.

By doing following these steps, you make the ECM assume the original key turned the
ignition switch ON and it is now possible to proceed to registration.

Turn the ignition ON Recognize a

registered key Registered key
New key

Distance more
than 5cm
Vehicles receiver

New switch
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2. SETTING ECM FOR REGISTRATION

Follow the same direction to register a spare key Inspection adaptor

and set the ECM to registration mode.
Black Red
(1) Remove the connector of pulse generator and
connect the inspection adaptor.
(2) Connect the clips of the inspection adaptor to the (2)
battery.
(3) Turn the ignition switch ON with one of the
original keys.
(4) Disconnect the clips of the inspection adaptor
from the positive terminal (+) of the battery for (1)
two seconds or more, then connect again. This
lets you to begin key registration.

(4)
(3)

Now the ECM enters registration mode. All

the previous data are erased and the
original key’s ID is re-registered.
The indicator comes on for about two
seconds, then blinks four times, confirming
the system is in registration mode.
Data deleted

Indicator shows the ECM is in registration mode

0,5 sec 1,5 sec

ID-b
ID
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Status of the keys and the ECM before registration mode is ON

ID-a ID ID-b ID
ID-a
Original (registered) keys
ID-b
ID

ID-c ID-d

New keys to be registered

Status of the keys and the ECM after registration mode is ON

Indicator shows the ECM is in registration mode. All the key data except the one
recognized by the device is deleted.

The key which the ECM recognized (the one placed on the receiver).

ID-a ID ID-b ID

Original (registered) keys

Data deleted
ID-b
ID

ID-c ID-d

New keys to be registered

The key that turned the new ignition switch ON. This is not registered yet.
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3. REGISTRATION OF A NEW KEY AND DELETION OF THE OLD DATA

The new key are not registered yet at this point. Let’s register it first, then delete the old
key data.

Registration of a new key

(1) Make sure the ECM is in registration mode, then turn the ignition switch OFF and
remove the key.
(2) Install the new ignition switch.
(3) Turn the ignition switch ON with the key you want to register. Registration is now
completed.

The new key

ID-c ID ID-c
The key’s ID is
registered
ID-b
ID
The ECM’s ID is registered

The old key’s data

still remains

Deletion of the old data

Cancel the registration mode, then reset it to begin deleting old data. To cancel the
registration mode, turn the ignition switch ON while no power is supplied through the
inspection adaptor to the wire harness.

(1) Turn the ignition switch OFF and disconnect the

red clip of the inspection adaptor.
(2) Turn the ignition switch ON with the newly
registered key.

The registration mode is now cancelled.

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Let’s reset the registration mode and delete

the old data.

(3) Connect the red clip of the inspection

adaptor to the positive terminal (+) of
the battery while the ignition switch is
turned OFF.
(4) Turn the ignition switch ON with the
newly registered key.
(5) Disconnect the red clip of the inspection
adaptor for two seconds or more, then
connect again.

The registration mode is now reset and the old key data in the ECM is deleted.
If the operation is completed correctly, the indicator will come on for about two seconds,
then blink four times.

Data deleted

The new keys

ID-c
ID-c ID ID-d
ID-d

ID
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Registration of a new key

You could register more keys now.

(6) Turn the ignition switch OFF and remove

the key.
(7) Turn the ignition switch ON with the key
you want to register. It is now registered.

The new keys

The ECM’s ID is ID-c

registered
ID-c ID ID-d ID
ID-d
ID

The key’s ID is registered

Cancellation of the registration mode

Cancel the registration mode and confirm the registered keys are functional.

(8) Turn the ignition switch OFF and remove the inspection adaptor.
(9) Hook up the connectors of the pulse generator.

All the operations are now completed. Turn the ignition switch ON with one of the newly
registered keys and make sure the indicator comes on for about two seconds and off.
Register the key again if it fails.
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„ REPLACEMENT OF THE ECM

A new ECM does not operate unless more than two keys are registered. Therefore, you
need two unregistered keys for replacement of the ECM. No special tools are required.

REQUIRED ITEMS

1. A new ECM (same model as the previous one)

2. Two new blank keys with grooves

Status of the keys and the ECM before registration

The new ECM has no data stored. The ECM ID (vehicle ID) is automatically set when the
ignition switch is turned ON with an unregistered key.

ECM
Keys Neither key IDs nor vehicle ID
Vehicle’s ID is not registered registered

ID-a ID-b

Status of the keys and the ECM after registration

ECM
Two key IDs stored
Vehicle ID stored
Keys
Vehicle ID registered

ID-a
ID-a ID ID-b ID
ID-b
ID
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Registration procedures

1. Replace the ECM with a new one and turn the ignition switch ON with a first new key.

- The system is now in registration mode.

- The indicator begins to blink.
- The first key is registered in the ECM.
- The vehicle’s ID is set and registered in the ECM and the key.
0,5 sec 1,5 sec

You cannot register the original key since it has a different vehicle ID that is undeletable.

2. Turn the ignition switch OFF and remove the first key. Then turn the ignition switch ON
with a second new key.

- Indicator begins to blink.

- The second key is registered in the ECM.
- The registrations are now completed.

3. Confirm the both keys turn the ignition switch ON.

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„ TROUBLESHOOTING
Symptom 1 :
The immobilizer indicator does not come on when the ignition switch is turned ON.
There may be a problem with the ECM power source if the immobilizer indicator does not
come on and the engine does not start while other electric systems function normally. On
PGM-FI models, you will not hear the fuel pump’s operation sounds in such case.
If the engine starts, there is a problem in the indicator circuit.

Symptom 2 :
The immobilizer indicator does not come off even after more than two seconds of
turning the ignition switch ON.
When there is a problem with the system, self-diagnosis program detects it and the
indicator remains on. Obviously, the engine does not start.

Possible abnormal components

- Key (transponder)
- Receiver
- ECM
- Connection between the above
components
- Indicator circuit

Inspection of the key

Check the following points first

- There are no other transponders around
the key (if there are, there could be
jamming and it confuses the ECM).
- The key is not damaged.
- Try other registered keys.

Note: a transponder could be damaged if an

excessive heat (more than 80°C) is applied or it is
left in water for a long time.
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The system’s modes of operation and the immobilizer indicator’s lighting pattern

There are four modes of operation and the indicator lights as follows.

Ignition switch turned ON

(1) New registration mode

Is the vehicle’s ID No
registered in the 2 0,5 1,5 (sec)
ECM?

(2) Normal mode

Yes
2 (sec) (The engine can start)

Does the ECM

store two or more
key IDs?
No

Is the key’s ID
recognized and
Yes verified?

Is battery voltage
applied to the No
connector of the
pulse generator? No (The engine cannot start)

Yes

(3) Self-diagnosis mode

Is the key’s ID 10 (sec) Diagnostic code

recognized and
verified?
No

(4) Registration mode

Clip-off for two seconds 0,5 1,5 (sec)
Yes
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Understanding diagnostic codes

Follow the instructions below to enable self-

diagnosis mode and read diagnostic codes to
specify symptoms.

(1) Remove the connector of the pulse generator.

(2) Connect the inspection adaptor to the
connector of the pulse generator (harness
side).
(3) Connect the clips of the inspection adaptor to
the battery.
(4) Turn the ignition switch ON.

The immobilizer indicator will begin to blink after about ten seconds. The blink patterns
identify symptoms. The indicator will keep illuminating when there is no problem.

BLINK PATTERN SYMPTOM PROBLEM

10 sec 1 sec 1,5 sec

ECM data is abnormal - Faulty ECM

- Faulty immobilizer receiver or

wire harness
Code signal cannot send or
- Faulty transponder
receive
- Faulty receiver connection
- Faulty ECM

- Jamming by the other

Identification code is disagree transponder
- Faulty transponder

Secret code (vehicle ID) is

- Faulty transponder
disagree

Below are errors which could happen during registration

BLINK PATTERN SYMPTOM PROBLEM

Duplicate registration - ID already registered

Code signal cannot send or

- Communication error
receive

Unregistrable - Key already has a vehicle ID

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EXAMPLES OF ERRORS

Disagreeing identification code

The key ID disagrees with any IDs stored in ECM.

- The key’s ID was somehow deleted during registration.
- Faulty transponder
- Jamming by the other transponder or strong electromagnetic wave

Disagreeing secret code (vehicle ID)

The vehicle ID registered in the key disagrees with the one in ECM.
- Faulty transponder

Communication error

ECM does not receive signal from the key

- Communication error between a receiver and an ECM
- Faulty transponder Receiver
ECM
- Faulty receiver
- Faulty ECM

Abnormal data in ECM

The data in the ECM is broken.

- Faulty ECM

Duplicate registration

You are trying to register a registered key

Unregistrable

You are trying to register a key which is already registered to another vehicle. Once a
vehicle ID is registered in a key it cannot be deleted.