Taghez

Table of contents:
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Front MatterCopyrightDedication
Select 1 - Introduction to finishing
Book chapterAbstract only
1 - Introduction to finishing
Pages 1-19
PurchaseView abstract
Select 2 - Surface finishing
2 - Surface finishing
Pages 21-39
Select 3 - Antishrink finishing
3 - Antishrink finishing
Pages 41-59
Select 4 - Starch finishing
4 - Starch finishing
Pages 61-77
Select 5 - Acid–alkali finish
5 - Acid–alkali finish
Pages 79-108
Select 6 - Softening
6 - Softening
Pages 109-148
Select 7 - Repellent finishes
7 - Repellent finishes
Pages 149-194
Select 8 - Flame- and fire-retardant
finishes
8 - Flame- and fire-retardant finishes
Pages 195-244
Select 9 - Easy-care finishing
9 - Easy-care finishing
Pages 245-284
Select 10 - Antistatic and soil-release
finishes
10 - Antistatic and soil-release finishes
Pages 285-318
Select 11 - Finishes for protection against
microbial, insect and UV radiation
11 - Finishes for protection against
microbial, insect and UV radiation
Pages 319-382
Select 12 - Finishing of denim fabrics
12 - Finishing of denim fabrics
Pages 383-415
Select 13 - Wool and silk finishing
processes
13 - Wool and silk finishing processes
Pages 417-466
Select 14 - Various ecofriendly finishes
14 - Various ecofriendly finishes
Pages 467-525
Select Index
Book chapterNo access
Index
Pages 527-543
Purchase
Table of Contents
Encyclopedic from A to Z covering -
among others - the following subjects of
textile engineering: Environmental
protection; Colorimetry; Fibre
technology; Dyeing; Printing; Ecology;
Machines; Macromolecular chemistry;
Exhaust air; Physical chemistry; Process
technology etc.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface xv
Part 1 Recent Developments and Current

Challenges in Textile Finishing
1 Recent Concepts of Antimicrobial

Textile Finishes 3
Barbara Simončič and Brigita Tomšič
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Antimicrobial Agents 5
1.2.1 Mechanisms of Antimicrobial

Activity 6
1.2.2 Structures of Antimicrobial Agents

7
1.2.2.1 Leaching Antimicrobial Agents 7
1.2.2.2 Bound Antimicrobial Agents 17

1.3 Low Adhesion Agents 21
1.4 Dual-Action Antimicrobial Agents 24
1.5 Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity

of Functionalized Textiles 29
1.5.1 Standardized Methods for the

Determination of Antibacterial Activity
31
1.5.2 Standardized Methods for the

Determination of Antifungal Activity 35
1.6 Health and Environmental Issues 39

1.6.1 Health and Environmental Impacts
of Antimicrobial Compounds 41
1.7 Future Trends 46
1.8 Summary 46
Acknowledgement 48
References 48
2 Flame Retardant Textile Finishes 69

A Richard Horrocks
2.1 Introduction 70
2.2 Current Commercial, Durable Flame

Retardants: Advantages and
Disadvantages 71
2.3 Current Challenges 78
2.3.1 Minimisation of Effluents 78
2.3.2 Replacing Formaldehyde

Chemistry, Particularly with Respect to
Cotton and Blended Fabrics 82
2.3.2.1 Oligomeric Phosphate-

Phosphonate 83
2.3.2.2 Multifunctional Carboxylic Acids
83
2.3.2.3 Alkyl Phosphoramidate Adduct

86
2.3.2.4 Phosphonyl Cyanurates 87
2.3.2.5 Cellulose-Phosphoramidate Ester

Interchange 88
2.3.2.6 Cellulose-Chloro Triazinyl

Derivative Condensation 89
2.3.2.7 Phosphorus Acid Derivatives of
Cellulose 90
2.3.2.8 Phosphorus-Nitrogen-Silicon
Developments 91
2.3.2.9 Polymer Networks 92
2.3.2.10 Other Finishing Treatments 93
2.3.3 Replacing Bromine, Notably in

Coating and Back-Coating Formulations
94
2.3.3.1 Reducing the BrFR

Concentrations 95
2.3.3.2 Possible Bromine-Chlorine and
Phosphorus-Bromine Synergies 96
2.3.3.3 Effectiveness of Phosphorus 97
2.3.3.4 The Sensitisation of

Decomposition or Flame Retarding
Efficiency of Phosphorus-Based Systems
99
2.3.3.5 The Introduction of a Volatile and

Possible Vapour-Phase Active,
Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardant
Component 99
2.4 Novel Surface Chemistries 101
2.4.1 Sol-Gel Surface Treatments 103
2.4.2 Layer-by-Layer Treatments 107
2.4.3 Polymer Coating and UV and

Plasma Grafting Treatments 111
2.4.3.1 Plasma Treatments 112
2.4.3.2 UV and Other Grafting

Treatments 116
2.5 Summary 117

References 117
Bibliography 127
3 Striving for Self-Cleaning Textiles –

Critical Thoughts on Current Literature
129
Thomas Bahners and Kash Mittal
3.1 Introduction 130
3.2 Fundamental Principles 133
3.2.1 Self-Cleaning – The Super-

Hydrophobic Approach 133
3.2.2 Self-Cleaning – The Super-

Hydrophilic Approach 136
3.2.3 Expected Merits of the Concepts

138
3.3 Attempts to Attain Super-

Hydrophobic Behavior 140
3.3.1 Minimized Surface Free Energy 140
3.3.1.1 Novel Chemical Finishes of Non-

Polar Character 141
3.3.1.2 Deposition of Non-Polar Thin
Layers by Plasma and Dielectric Barrier
Discharge (DBD) 142
3.3.1.3 Deposition of Non-Polar Thin

Layers by Photo-Chemical Surface
Modification 145
3.3.2 Enhancing Liquid Repellence by

Adding Surface Roughness 147
3.3.2.1 Application of Micro- and Nano-

Rough (Hybrid) Coatings 147
3.3.2.2 Incorporation of Micro- and

Nanoparticles 149
3.3.2.3 Laser-Based Surface Roughening

151
3.4 Attempts to Attain Super-Hydrophilic

Properties 153
3.4.1 Use of Photo-Catalytic TiO2 153
3.4.2 Making Use of Micro-Roughness

According to the Wenzel Model 155
3.5 Relevance for Dirt Take-Up,

Cleanability, and Self-Cleaning 156
3.6 Summary 160
References 162
4 Metallization of Polymers and Textiles

171
Piotr Rytlewski, Krzysztof Moraczewski
and Bartłomiej Jagodziński
4.2 Main Methods of Metallization 173
4.2.1 Methods Based on Physical Vapor

Deposition 173
4.2.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition

Methods 178
4.3 Electroless Metallization 184
4.4 Summary 198
References 199
5 Wettability Characterization in Textiles

– Use and Abuse of Measuring
Procedures 207
Thomas Bahners, Helga Thomas and
Jochen S. Gutmann
5.2 Peculiarities of Textile Substrates 209
5.3 Wettability Measurements on Fabrics

213
5.3.1 Contact Angle Measurements 213
5.3.2 Drop Penetration Tests 217
5.3.3 Soaking or Rising Height Test 222

5.3.4 The Wilhelmy Method 224
5.4 Contact Angle Measurements on

Fibers 226
5.4.1 Adapting the Wilhelmy Plate

Method to Single Fibers 226
5.4.2 The Washburn Approach –

Wilhelmy Wicking Method 226
5.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks

228
Acknowledgements 231
References 231
Part 2 Surface Modification Techniques

for Textiles
6 Surface Functionalization of Synthetic

Textiles by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma
237
Keiko Gotoh
6.2 Processing Parameters of

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (APP) Jet
239
6.3 Change in Single Fiber Wettability
Due to APP Jet Treatment 241
6.4 Hydrophobic Recovery after APP Jet

Treatment 244
6.5 Chemical and Topographical Changes

on Fiber Surface Due to APP Jet
Treatment 245
6.6 Fabric Damage Due to APP Jet

Treatment 247
6.7 Improvement of Textile Serviceability

Properties by APP Jet Treatment 250
6.7.1 Water Wicking Property 250
6.7.2 Detergency 251
6.7.3 Dyeability 252
6.8 Summary and Prospects 254
References 255
7 UV-Based Photo-Chemical Surface

Modification of Textile Fabrics 261
Thomas Bahners and Jochen S. Gutmann
7.2 Fundamentals of the Process 263
7.2.1 Photo-Addition, Irradiation in Air

263
7.2.2 Layer Formation by Homo-

Polymerization and Graft-co-
Polymerization 265
7.2.3 Experimental Concept 268

7.3 Fiber Properties Defined by the
Surface Chemistry of Deposited Layers
269
7.3.1 Wetting and Adhesion 269
7.3.2 Wetting and Protein Adhesion –

Antifouling Surfaces 271
7.3.3 Highly Liquid Repellent Technical

Textiles 276
7.3.4 Patterned Wettablitity 280
7.4 Fiber Modification by Bulk Properties

of Deposited Layers 281
7.4.1 Mechanical and Thermal Stability
282
7.4.2 Barrier Function 284
7.4.3 Charge Storage 285
7.4.4 Permanent Flame Retardant Finish

287
7.5 Summary and Outlook 289
References 291
Part 3 Innovative Functionalities of
Textiles
8 Glimpses into Tunable Wettability of

Textiles 299
Pelagia Glampedaki
8.2 Paths to Tunable Wettability 302
8.2.1 Fibre and Textile Surface

Functionalisation 305
8.2.2 Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel

Functionalising Systems 306
8.2.3 Modes of Functionalisation and

Additional Parameters to be Considered
308
8.3 Practical Aspects and Applications

314
8.4 Prospects 316
8.5 Summary 318
References 318
9 3D Textile Structures for Harvesting
Water from Fog: Overview and
Perspectives 325
Jamal Sarsour, Thomas Stegmaier and
Goetz Gresser
9.2 Biological Models 327
9.2.1 Namib Desert Grass 327
9.2.2 Black Beetle in the Namib Desert

328
9.2.3 Epiphytic bromeliads 328
9.2.4 Pinus canariensis 330
9.3 Textile Development and Engineering

331
9.3.1 Fog Harvesting Efficiency in the

Laboratory 333
9.3.2 Model of Drop Formation on the

Yarn System of 3D Textiles 324
9.3.3 Scale Up to an Industrial Process

326
9.4 Technical Realization 340
References 342
10 Textile-Fixed Catalysts and their Use

in Heterogeneous Catalysis 345
Klaus Opwis, Katharina Kiehl, Thomas
Straube, Thomas Mayer-Gall and Jochen
S. Gutmann

10.2 Immobilization of Catalysts on
Textile Carrier Materials 348
10.2.1 Inorganic Catalysts 348
10.2.2 Organo-Metallic Catalysts 350
10.2.3 Enzymes 352
10.2.4 Organic Catalysts 355
10.3 Summary and Outlook 357
References 359
11 Medical Textiles as Substrates for

Tissue Engineering 363
Sahar Salehi, Mahshid Kharaziha, Nafiseh
Masoumi, Afsoon Fallahi, and Ali
Tamayol
11.1.1 Concept of TE 364
11.1.2 Background of Medical Textiles in

TE 365
11.2 Fiber Formation Approaches 368
11.2.1 Wet Spinning 368
11.2.2 Melt Spinning 369
11.2.3 Microfluidic Spinning 369
11.2.4 Self-Assembly 371
11.3 Fiber-Based Architectures for the TE

Scaffold 371
11.3.1 Woven Fabrics 371

11.3.2 Knitted Fabrics 373
11.3.3 Braided Fabrics 375
11.3.4 Non-Woven Fabrics 375
11.3.5 Bioprinting 377
11.4 Applications of Medical Textiles in

TE 380
11.4.1 Musculoskeletal Tissues 380
11.4.2 Muscular Tissues 387

11.4.3 Ocular Tissues 391
11.4.4 Nerve Tissue 394
11.4.5 Skin 397
Note 400
References 400
Part 4 Fiber-Reinforced Composites

12 Thermoset Resin Based Fiber
Reinforced Biocomposites 425
D. Kalita and A. N. Netravali
12.1.1 Reinforcements and Fillers 427
12.1.2 Resins 429
12.1.3 Composites 430
12.1.4 Nanocomposites 430
12.1.5 Interfaces 431

12.1.6 Petroleum Based and Biobased
Resins and Fibers 432
12.2 Characteristics of Biocomposites

433
12.3 Composite Classification 434
12.3.1 Hybrid Composites 434
12.3.2 ‘Greener’ Composites 435
12.3.3 ‘Green’ Composites 435

12.4 Natural Fiber Processing 436
12.4.1 Fiber Extraction 437
12.4.2 Fiber Treatments 437
12.4.3 Fiber Forms (Nonwoven, Woven,

Knitted) 438
12.5 Polymeric Resins 439
12.5.1 Green Resins 440
12.5.2 Thermoset Green Resins 441

12.5.2.1 Protein Based Resins 441
12.5.2.2 Starch Based Resins 444
12.5.2.3 Fats/Lipids/Oils Based Resins

447
12.6 Biobased Thermoset Composites

448
12.6.1 Plant Based Cellulose Fiber

Biocomposites 449
12.6.2 Starch Based Biocomposites 450

12.6.3 Protein Based Biocomposites 452
12.6.4 Chitosan Based Biocomposites

453
12.6.5 Lipid Based Biocomposites 453
12.7 Bionanocomposites 456
12.7.1 Starch Based Nanocomposites

457
12.7.2 Cellulose Based Nanocomposites

458
12.7.3 Protein Based Nanocomposites
460
12.7.4 Chitosan Based Nanocomposites

462
12.8 Applications and Advantages of

Biocomposites 463
12.9 Opportunity and Challenges 466
12.10 Summary 468
References 469
13 Characterisation of Fibre/Matrix
Adhesion in Biobased Fibre-Reinforced
Thermoplastic Composites 485
J. Müssig and N. Graupner
13.1.1 Terms and Definitions 487
13.1.1.1 Fibre 487
13.1.1.2 Fibre Bundle 487
13.1.1.3 Equivalent Diameter 488

13.1.1.4 Critical Length 488
13.1.1.5 Aspect Ratio and Critical Aspect

Ratio 489
13.1.1.6 Single Element versus Collective

489
13.1.1.7 Collective Test to Measure Pull-

Out 490
13.1.1.8 Interface and Interphase 490
13.1.1.9 Adhesion and Adherence 492

13.1.1.10 Practical & Theoretical
Fibre/Matrix Adhesion 492
13.1.2 Terminology and Properties of

Fibres and Matrices 492
13.1.2.1 Polymer Matrices 492
13.1.2.2 Natural Fibres 496
13.1.2.3 Regenerated Cellulose Fibres

497
13.2 Methods 503

13.2.1 Overview 503
13.2.2 Single Fibre/Single Fibre Bundle

Tests 504
13.2.2.1 Pull-Out and Microbond Tests

504
13.2.2.2 Fragmentation Test 529
13.2.3 Composite Tests 534
13.2.3.1 Double-Notched Tensile Test

534
13.2.3.2 Iosipescu Shear Test 536
13.2.3.3 90° (Off-Axis) Tensile Test and

90° (Off-Axis) Bending Test 537
13.2.3.4 Short Beam Shear Test 538
13.3 Comparison of Data 539
13.4 Summary 543
References 545
Table of Contents
Flame Retardants Softeners Soil
Repellents Hand Modifiers Antistatic
Agents Biocides Fixatives Scouring
Agents Dispersants Defoamers
Anticracking Agents Binders Stiffeners
Sequestering Agents Company Name
Product Category Product Number
Product Description.
Table of Contents
1: Functional finishes for textiles: an
overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of functional finishes
1.3 Finishes for improving comfort and
performance
1.4 Finishes for protecting wearers and
textiles
1.5 Future trends and challenges
1.6 Conclusion
Part One: Improving comfort and
performance
2: Thermal regulation finishes for textiles
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Mechanisms of thermal regulation in
textiles
2.3 Phase change materials (PCMs) for
thermal regulation
2.4 Storage of PCMs for thermal
regulation
2.5 Supercooling and thermal
conductivity
2.6 Application of PCMs and PCM based
products to textiles
2.7 Testing the effectiveness of finishes
2.8 Market profile and commercial
application areas
2.10 Conclusion
3: Moisture management and soil
release finishes for textiles
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Mechanisms of moisture
management and soil release
3.3 Chemistry and application methods
3.6 Conclusion
References
4: Softening finishes for textiles and
clothing
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Mechanisms of softening
4.3 Types of softeners and methods of
application
4.4 Recent advances in softening finishes
4.5 Application of softening finishes on
textiles
4.6 Evaluation of softening finishes
4.8 Conclusion
References
5: Enzymatic biofinishes for synthetic
textiles
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Enzymatic biofinishing of polyester
fibres
5.3 Enzymatic biofinishing of polyamide
fibres
5.4 Enzymatic biofinishing of acrylic
fibres
5.5 Future trends
5.6 Conclusion
5.8 Acknowledgements
References
6: Commercial shrink-resist finishes for
wool
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Dimensional stability of wool
products
6.3 Continuous felt-resist treatment of
wool
6.4 Batchwise felt-resist treatment of
wool
6.5 Quality assurance and accreditation
of felt-resist processes
6.6 Blending wool with other fibres
6.7 Future trends
6.8 Conclusion
References
7: Easy care finishes for textiles
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Formaldehyde based crosslinking
agents
7.3 Low formaldehyde crosslinking
agents
7.4 Formaldehyde free crosslinking
agents
7.5 Applications of easy care finishes
7.6 Methods to determine easy care
behaviour
7.7 Health, safety and environmental
aspects
7.8 Future trends
7.9 Conclusion
References
8: Self cleaning finishes for textiles
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Superhydrophobicity and self
cleaning
8.3 Superhydrophobic structures in
nature
8.4 Creating superhydrophobic surfaces
on textiles
8.5 Challenges in the development of
superhydrophobic surfaces
8.6 Non-textile applications of
superhydrophobic surfaces
8.7 Photocatalysis using TiO2 for self
cleaning
8.8 TiO2 based self cleaning treatments
for textiles
8.9 TiO2 photocatalysis versus
superhydrophobicity
8.10 Future trends
8.11 Conclusion
9: Superabsorbent finishes for textiles
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Types of superabsorbent finishes and
methods of application
9.3 Superabsorbency mechanisms
9.4 End uses and technical applications
9.5 Testing the effectiveness of
superabsorbent finishes
9.7 Conclusion
9.8 Sources of further information and
advice
References
10: Medical, cosmetic and odour
resistant finishes for textiles
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Different techniques for
functionalising textiles
10.3 Advantages and disadvantages of
different technologies
10.4 Applications of medical textiles
10.5 Applications of cosmetotextiles
10.6 Applications of odour resistant
textiles
10.7 Performance analysis and safety
aspects
10.8 Future trends
10.9 Conclusion
References
Part Two: Protecting wearers and textiles
11: Insect repellent finishes for textiles
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Mechanisms of repellent action
11.3 Types of insect repellent finishes
11.4 Development of insect repellent
textiles
11.7 Conclusion
References
12: Antimicrobial finishes for textiles
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Types of antimicrobial finishes
12.3 Methods of application
12.4 Mechanism of antimicrobial finishes
12.5 Evaluation of antimicrobial finishing
12.6 Troubleshooting for antimicrobial
finishes
12.8 Conclusion
advice
References
13: Hydrophobic and oleophobic finishes
for textiles
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Mechanism and chemistry of
hydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces
13.3 Hydrophobic and oleophobic
textiles
13.4 Overview of testing methods
13.6 Conclusion
References
14: Flame retardant finishes for textiles
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Mode of action of flame retardants
14.3 Developments in flame retardant
chemicals
14.4 Flame retardant treatments
14.5 Applications of flame retardant
textiles
14.6 Assessing the flame retardancy of
textiles
14.7 Regulations for coated textiles
14.9 Conclusion
References
15: Ultraviolet protection finishes for
textiles
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Mechanisms of UV protection
15.3 Chemistry and mechanisms of UV
protection finishes
15.4 UV protection finishing for various
textile structures
15.5 Nanotechnology based UV
protection finishing
15.6 Test methods for efficacy of UV
protection finishes
15.8 Conclusion
References
16: Radiation protection finishes for
textiles
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Electromagnetic radiation: exposure
sources and effects
16.3 Shielding mechanism and
evaluation of radiation protection
16.4 Types of finishes for ionizing
radiation shielding
16.5 Types of finishes for non-ionizing
radiation shielding
16.6 Textile finishing durability
16.8 Conclusion
References
17: Antistatic and electrically conductive
finishes for textiles
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Electrostatic phenomena
17.3 Electrical resistivity and conductivity
17.4 Theory of electrostatic charge
17.5 Mechanisms of charge dissipation
on insulating surfaces
17.6 Effect of static charge
17.7 Electrostatic measurement methods
17.8 Static control in textile fibres
17.9 Antistatic finishing agents and
finishes
17.10 Applications of antistatic and
electrically conductive textiles
17.12 Conclusion
advice
18: Biological and chemical protective
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Mechanisms and chemistry of
protective finishes
18.3 Types of finishes and application
methods
18.4 Challenges involved in textile
application
18.5 Testing the safety and effectiveness
of finishes
18.7 Conclusion
References
19: Ballistic and impact protection
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Mechanisms of protection
19.3 Types of protective finishes
19.4 Application of protective finishes
and the challenges
19.7 Conclusion
References
20: Environmental and safety issues
regarding functional finishes
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Legal demands
20.3 Requirements for cosmetotextiles
20.4 Requirements related to
nanotechnologies
20.5 Demands from consumers:
ecolabels
20.6 Improving the environmental profile
20.7 Conclusion
advice.
Table of Contents
1. Preparatory Processes. Introduction.
Singeing. Sizing and desizing. Scouring
and carbonizing. Bleaching and optical
brightening processes. Mercerization
and liquid ammonia treatment of
textiles. General references. Text
references. 2. Fundamentals of Dyes and
Dyeing Processes for Textiles.
Introduction. Relationship of color to
chemical constitution of dyes. Physical
chemistry of dyeing. Classification of
dyes. Synthesis of dyes. General
references. Text references. 3. Methods
of Applying Dyes to Textiles.
Introduction. Application of dyes
containing anionic functional groups.
Dyes containing cationic functional
groups. Dyes requiring chemical
modification before application. Special
dyeing techniques and classes of
colorants. Dyeing machines and
processes. Textile printing. General
references. Text references. 4. Fabrics
with improved aesthetic and functional
properties. Introduction. Dimensional
stabilization by mechanical and thermal
methods. Production of surface effects in
fabrics. Methods for improving
functional properties. Improvement of
specific functional properties. Energy
conservation processes. General
references. Text references. 5. Textile
Performance Determined by Chemical
and Instrumental Methods. Introduction.
Wet chemical methods. Instrumental
methods of analysis. Color and its
measurement. General references. Text
references. 6. Textile performance: End
Use and Relevant Tests. Overview.
Physical agents and associated test
methods. Chemical agents and
influences. Biological agents and
influences. Multiple agents and factors
that affect textile performance. General
references. Text references. Author
index. Subject index.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1|6 pages
Introduction
ByPhilip E. Slade
View abstract
Chapter 2|24 pages
Tension, Friction, and Lubrication
ByPhilip E. Slade
View abstract
Chapter 3|39 pages
Laboratory Testing and Component
Properties
ByPhilip E. Slade
View abstract
Chapter 4|57 pages
Yarn to Hard Surface Lubricants for Fiber
Finishes
ByPhilip E. Slade
View abstract
Chapter 5|56 pages
Cohesive Agents and Fiber to Fiber
Lubricants
ByPhilip E. Slade
View abstract
Chapter 6|87 pages
Emulsifiers
ByPhilip E. Slade
View abstract
Chapter 7|46 pages
Antistats
ByPhilip E. Slade
View abstract
Chapter 8|65 pages
Other Finish Additives: Antioxidants,
Defoamers, Antimicrobials, and Wetting
Agents
ByPhilip E. Slade
View abstract
Chapter 9|63 pages
Soil- and Stain-Resistant Textile Finishes
ByPhilip E. Slade
View abstract
Chapter 10|30 pages
Environmental Degradation of Finish
Materials.
Table of contents:
Front MatterCopyrightDedicationPreface
Select 1 - Introduction to chemical
finishing
1 - Introduction to chemical finishing
Pages 1-6
Purchase
Select 2 - Chemical finishing processes
2 - Chemical finishing processes
Pages 7-28
Purchase
Select 3 - Softening finishes
3 - Softening finishes
Pages 29-42
Purchase
Select 4 - Hand building finishes
4 - Hand building finishes
Pages 43-50
Purchase
Select 5 - Easy-care and durable press
finishes of cellulosics
5 - Easy-care and durable press finishes
of cellulosics
Pages 51-73
Purchase
Select 6 - Repellent finishes
6 - Repellent finishes
Pages 74-86
Purchase
Select 7 - Soil-release finishes
7 - Soil-release finishes
Pages 87-97
Purchase
Select 8 - Flame-retardant finishes
8 - Flame-retardant finishes
Pages 98-116
Purchase
Select 9 - Non-slip finishes
9 - Non-slip finishes
Pages 117-120
Purchase
Select 10 - Antistatic finishes
10 - Antistatic finishes
Pages 121-128
Purchase
Select 11 - Anti-pilling finishes
11 - Anti-pilling finishes
Pages 129-137
Purchase
Select 12 - Elastomeric finishes
12 - Elastomeric finishes
Pages 138-143
Purchase
Select 13 - Finishes to improve colour
fastness
13 - Finishes to improve colour fastness
Pages 144-156
Purchase
Select 14 - Ultraviolet protection finishes
14 - Ultraviolet protection finishes
Pages 157-164
Purchase
Select 15 - Antimicrobial finishes
15 - Antimicrobial finishes
Pages 165-174
Purchase
Select 16 - Insect resist and mite
protection finishes
16 - Insect resist and mite protection
finishes
Pages 175-180
Purchase
Select 17 - Finishing with enzymes: bio-
finishes for cellulose
17 - Finishing with enzymes: bio-finishes
for cellulose
Pages 181-188
Purchase
Select 18 - Novel finishes
18 - Novel finishes
Pages 189-197
Purchase
Select 19 - Actual and future trends in
chemical finishing
19 - Actual and future trends in chemical
finishing
Pages 198-206
Purchase
Select Index
Index
Pages 207-213.
Table of contents:
Front matterCopyrightContributor
contact detailsIntroduction – The
potential of plasma technology in the
textile industry
Part I: Plasma science and technology
Part II: Textile applications
Select Index
Index
Pages 316-322

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Part 1 Recent Developments and Current

1 Recent Concepts of Antimicrobial

1.2 Antimicrobial Agents 5

1.2.1 Mechanisms of Antimicrobial

1.2.2 Structures of Antimicrobial Agents

1.2.2.1 Leaching Antimicrobial Agents 7

1.2.2.2 Bound Antimicrobial Agents 17

1.4 Dual-Action Antimicrobial Agents 24

1.5 Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity

1.5.1 Standardized Methods for the

1.5.2 Standardized Methods for the

1.6 Health and Environmental Issues 39

1.7 Future Trends 46

2 Flame Retardant Textile Finishes 69

2.2 Current Commercial, Durable Flame

2.3 Current Challenges 78

2.3.1 Minimisation of Effluents 78

2.3.2 Replacing Formaldehyde

2.3.2.1 Oligomeric Phosphate-

2.3.2.3 Alkyl Phosphoramidate Adduct

2.3.2.4 Phosphonyl Cyanurates 87

2.3.2.5 Cellulose-Phosphoramidate Ester

2.3.2.6 Cellulose-Chloro Triazinyl

2.3.2.9 Polymer Networks 92

2.3.2.10 Other Finishing Treatments 93

2.3.3 Replacing Bromine, Notably in

2.3.3.1 Reducing the BrFR

2.3.3.3 Effectiveness of Phosphorus 97

2.3.3.4 The Sensitisation of

2.3.3.5 The Introduction of a Volatile and

2.4.1 Sol-Gel Surface Treatments 103

2.4.2 Layer-by-Layer Treatments 107

2.4.3 Polymer Coating and UV and

2.4.3.1 Plasma Treatments 112

2.4.3.2 UV and Other Grafting

2.5 Summary 117

3 Striving for Self-Cleaning Textiles –

3.1 Introduction 130

3.2 Fundamental Principles 133

3.2.1 Self-Cleaning – The Super-

3.2.2 Self-Cleaning – The Super-

3.2.3 Expected Merits of the Concepts

3.3 Attempts to Attain Super-

3.3.1 Minimized Surface Free Energy 140

3.3.1.1 Novel Chemical Finishes of Non-

3.3.1.3 Deposition of Non-Polar Thin

3.3.2 Enhancing Liquid Repellence by

3.3.2.1 Application of Micro- and Nano-

3.3.2.2 Incorporation of Micro- and

3.3.2.3 Laser-Based Surface Roughening

3.4 Attempts to Attain Super-Hydrophilic

3.4.1 Use of Photo-Catalytic TiO2 153

3.4.2 Making Use of Micro-Roughness

3.5 Relevance for Dirt Take-Up,

4 Metallization of Polymers and Textiles

4.1 Introduction 171

4.2 Main Methods of Metallization 173

4.2.1 Methods Based on Physical Vapor

4.2.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition

4.3 Electroless Metallization 184

4.4 Summary 198