Inter-Row Spacing Calculator by Sean White www.pvstudent.

com

Enter Module Width & Tilt Angle Only (yellow boxes)

Calculate Height of Module

module width 39.1 inches

tilt angle 10 degrees

sine tilt angle 0.1736482

height of module 6.79 inches

Calculate Space Under Module

cosine tilt angle 0.9848078

space under module 38.51 inches

Calculate Shadow Length

Altitude Angle of Sun 9am 12-21 Oakland 15.5 degrees

tangent of altitude angle 0.2773245

shadow length at 9am angle 24.48 inches

Calculate Inter-Row Spacing

9am, 12/21 Azimuth from South at Latitude 37.8 42.5 degrees (Oakland, CA)

cosine of azimuth correction angle 0.7372773

inter-row space 18.050514

Repeating Distance of Rows 56.6 inches

Percent Increase in Space Needed for Same Amount of Modules Due To Shading

Verses Flat with 1" Spacing 41.0%

Verses Flat with no Spacing 44.6%

Verses PowerGuard Spacing (1.26") 40.1%

 repeating distances for various modules in inches
dent.com
Flat with
1"
spacing 5 degrees 10 degrees15 degrees20 degrees
le Only (yellow boxes)
SPR 305 42.2 56.6 59.6 68.1 76.1
ET 280 40.1 48.0 56.6 64.7 72.3
Powerguard (SPR only)

42.4
n/a
Calculating Production and STC watts per unit area by Sean White

Module SPR 305

watts 305
width (inches) 41.18
height (inches 61.39
area (sq in) 2528
area (sq ft) 17.6
STC watts/sq ft 17.4

flat with 1" spacing

area (sq in) 2632
area (sq ft) 18.3
STC watts/sq ft 16.7
STC kW/sq ft 0.0167
STC watts/100 sq ft 1669
kW DC/100 sq ft (roofing square) 1.7
kW DC/1000 sq ft 16.7
annual kWh/kW STC 1319.6
annual kWh/sq ft 22.0

5 degree tilt
extra space required over flat with 1" spacing 19.9%
conversion factor 1.20
STC watts per sq ft 13.9
STC kW/sq ft 0.0139
kW DC/100 sq ft 1.39218679777264
kW DC/1000 sq ft 13.9218679777264
annual kWh/kW STC 1381
annual kWh/sq ft 19.2

10 degree tilt
extra space required over flat with 1" spacing 41.2%
conversion factor 1.41
STC watts per sq ft 11.8
STC kW/sq ft 0.0118
kW DC/100 sq ft 1.18183068145654
kW DC/1000 sq ft 11.8183068145654
annual kWh/kW STC 1431
annual kWh/sq ft 16.9

15 degree tilt
extra space required over flat with 1" spacing 61.5%
conversion factor 1.61
STC watts per sq ft 10.3
STC kW/sq ft 0.0103
kW DC/100 sq ft 1.03353222321927
kW DC/1000 sq ft 10.3353222321927
annual kWh/kW STC 1471
annual kWh/sq ft 15.2

20 degree tilt
extra space required over flat with 1" spacing 80.5%
conversion factor 1.81
STC watts per sq ft 9.2
STC kW/sq ft 0.0092
kW DC/100 sq ft 0.924553792030439
kW DC/1000 sq ft 9.24553792030439
annual kWh/kW STC 1499
annual kWh/sq ft 13.9
Solar energy production differences in tilt angles on CSI EPBB calculator using
SMA America:SC250U (480V) inverter & 100 modules as standard by Sean White
(increasing modules 10 fold on same inverter on EPBB calculator increases output linearly (10 fold).
SMA America:SC250U (480V) is CEC rated 97% efficient

< module < module

SPR 305 ET 280

0 deg tilt angle (>6" standoff) 0 deg tilt angle (>6" standoff)
STC DC rating 305 STC DC rating 280
STC rating for 100 modules (watts) 30500 STC rating for 100 modules (watts) 28000
STC kW/100 modules 30.5 STC kW/100 modules 28
annual kWH/100 modules (from epbb calculator) 40,248 annual kWH/100 modules (from epbb calculator) 36,855
annual kWH/kW installed 1320 annual kWH/kW installed 1316

5 deg tilt angle 5 deg tilt angle

STC DC rating 305 STC DC rating 280
STC rating for 100 modules (watts) 30500 STC rating for 100 modules (watts) 28000
STC kW/100 modules 30.5 STC kW/100 modules 28
annual kWH/100 modules (from epbb calculator) 42,124 annual kWH/100 modules (from epbb calculator) 38,554
annual kWH/kW installed 1381 annual kWH/kW installed 1377

10 deg tilt angle 10 deg tilt angle

STC DC rating 305 STC DC rating 280
STC rating for 100 modules (watts) 30500 STC rating for 100 modules (watts) 28000
STC kW/100 modules 30.5 STC kW/100 modules 28
annual kWH/100 modules (from epbb calculator) 43,657 annual kWH/100 modules (from epbb calculator) 39,941
annual kWH/kW installed 1431 annual kWH/kW installed 1426

15 deg tilt angle 15 deg tilt angle

STC DC rating 305 STC DC rating 280
STC rating for 100 modules (watts) 30500 STC rating for 100 modules (watts) 28000
STC kW/100 modules 30.5 STC kW/100 modules 28
annual kWH/100 modules (from epbb calculator) 44,857 annual kWH/100 modules (from epbb calculator) 41,024
annual kWH/kW installed 1471 annual kWH/kW installed 1465

20 deg tilt angle 20 deg tilt angle

STC DC rating 305 STC DC rating 280
STC rating for 100 modules (watts) 30500 STC rating for 100 modules (watts) 28000
STC kW/100 modules 30.5 STC kW/100 modules 28
annual kWH/100 modules (from epbb calculator) 45,722 annual kWH/100 modules (from epbb calculator) 41,803
annual kWH/kW installed 1499 annual kWH/kW installed 1493

PowerGuard
STC DC rating 305
STC rating for 100 modules (watts) 30500
STC kW/100 modules 30.5
annual kWH/100 modules (from epbb calculator) 39,714
annual kWH/kW installed 1302
*yellow indicates field to enter data
Inter-Row Spacing Calculator by Sean White
Enter Module Width & Tilt Angle Only (yellow boxes)
Calculate Height of Module

module width 41.18 inches

tilt angle 5 degrees

sine tilt angle 0.0871557

height of module 3.59 inches

Calculate Space Under Module

cosine tilt angle 0.9961947

space under module 41.02 inches

Calculate Shadow Length

Altitude Angle of Sun 9am 12-21 Oakland 15.5 degrees

tangent of altitude angle 0.2773245

shadow length at 9am angle 12.94 inches

Calculate Inter-Row Spacing

9am, 12/21 Azimuth from South at Latitude 37.8 42.5 degrees (Oakland, CA)

cosine of azimuth correction angle 0.7372773

inter-row space 9.5416818

Repeating Distance of Rows 50.6 inches

Percent Increase in Space Needed for Same Amount of Modules Due To Shading

Verses Flat with 1" Spacing 19.9%

Verses Flat with no Spacing 22.8%

Verses PowerGuard Spacing (1.26") 19.1%

le Only (yellow boxes)
Inter-Row Spacing Calculator by Sean White
Enter Module Width & Tilt Angle Only (yellow boxes)
Calculate Height of Module

module width 41.18 inches

tilt angle 10 degrees

sine tilt angle 0.1736482

height of module 7.15 inches

Calculate Space Under Module

cosine tilt angle 0.9848078

space under module 40.55 inches

Calculate Shadow Length

Altitude Angle of Sun 9am 12-21 Oakland 15.5 degrees

tangent of altitude angle 0.2773245

shadow length at 9am angle 25.79 inches

Calculate Inter-Row Spacing

9am, 12/21 Azimuth from South at Latitude 37.8 42.5 degrees (Oakland, CA)

cosine of azimuth correction angle 0.7372773

inter-row space 19.010746

Repeating Distance of Rows 59.6 inches

Percent Increase in Space Needed for Same Amount of Modules Due To Shading

Verses Flat with 1" Spacing 41.2%

Verses Flat with no Spacing 44.6%

Verses PowerGuard Spacing (1.26") 40.4%

le Only (yellow boxes)
Inter-Row Spacing Calculator by Sean White
Enter Module Width & Tilt Angle Only (yellow boxes)
Calculate Height of Module

module width 41.18 inches

tilt angle 15 degrees

sine tilt angle 0.258819

height of module 10.66 inches

Calculate Space Under Module

cosine tilt angle 0.9659258

space under module 39.78 inches

Calculate Shadow Length

Altitude Angle of Sun 9am 12-21 Oakland 15.5 degrees

tangent of altitude angle 0.2773245

shadow length at 9am angle 38.43 inches

Calculate Inter-Row Spacing

9am, 12/21 Azimuth from South at Latitude 37.8 42.5 degrees (Oakland, CA)

cosine of azimuth correction angle 0.7372773

inter-row space 28.335126

Repeating Distance of Rows 68.1 inches

Percent Increase in Space Needed for Same Amount of Modules Due To Shading

Verses Flat with 1" Spacing 61.5%

Verses Flat with no Spacing 65.4%

Verses PowerGuard Spacing (1.26") 60.5%

le Only (yellow boxes)
Inter-Row Spacing Calculator by Sean White
Enter Module Width & Tilt Angle Only (yellow boxes)
Calculate Height of Module

module width 41.18 inches

tilt angle 20 degrees

sine tilt angle 0.3420201

height of module 14.08 inches

Calculate Space Under Module

cosine tilt angle 0.9396926

space under module 38.70 inches

Calculate Shadow Length

Altitude Angle of Sun 9am 12-21 Oakland 15.5 degrees

tangent of altitude angle 0.2773245

shadow length at 9am angle 50.79 inches

Calculate Inter-Row Spacing

9am, 12/21 Azimuth from South at Latitude 37.8 42.5 degrees (Oakland, CA)

cosine of azimuth correction angle 0.7372773

inter-row space 37.443859

Repeating Distance of Rows 76.1 inches

Percent Increase in Space Needed for Same Amount of Modules Due To Shading

Verses Flat with 1" Spacing 80.5%

Verses Flat with no Spacing 84.9%

Verses PowerGuard Spacing (1.26") 79.4%

le Only (yellow boxes)
Inter-Row Spacing Calculator by Sean White
Enter Module Width & Tilt Angle Only (yellow boxes)
Calculate Height of Module

module width 39.1 inches

tilt angle 5 degrees

sine tilt angle 0.0871557

height of module 3.41 inches

Calculate Space Under Module

cosine tilt angle 0.9961947

space under module 38.95 inches

Calculate Shadow Length

Altitude Angle of Sun 9am 12-21 Oakland 15.5 degrees

tangent of altitude angle 0.2773245

shadow length at 9am angle 12.29 inches

Calculate Inter-Row Spacing

9am, 12/21 Azimuth from South at Latitude 37.8 42.5 degrees (Oakland, CA)

cosine of azimuth correction angle 0.7372773

inter-row space 9.0597318

Repeating Distance of Rows 48.0 inches

Percent Increase in Space Needed for Same Amount of Modules Due To Shading

Verses Flat with 1" Spacing 19.7%

Verses Flat with no Spacing 22.8%

Verses PowerGuard Spacing (1.26") 19.0%

le Only (yellow boxes)
Inter-Row Spacing Calculator by Sean White
Enter Module Width & Tilt Angle Only (yellow boxes)
Calculate Height of Module

module width 39.1 inches

tilt angle 10 degrees

sine tilt angle 0.1736482

height of module 6.79 inches

Calculate Space Under Module

cosine tilt angle 0.9848078

space under module 38.51 inches

Calculate Shadow Length

Altitude Angle of Sun 9am 12-21 Oakland 15.5 degrees

tangent of altitude angle 0.2773245

shadow length at 9am angle 24.48 inches

Calculate Inter-Row Spacing

9am, 12/21 Azimuth from South at Latitude 37.8 42.5 degrees (Oakland, CA)

cosine of azimuth correction angle 0.7372773

inter-row space 18.050514

Repeating Distance of Rows 56.6 inches

Percent Increase in Space Needed for Same Amount of Modules Due To Shading

Verses Flat with 1" Spacing 41.0%

Verses Flat with no Spacing 44.6%

Verses PowerGuard Spacing (1.26") 40.1%

le Only (yellow boxes)
Inter-Row Spacing Calculator by Sean White
Enter Module Width & Tilt Angle Only (yellow boxes)
Calculate Height of Module

module width 39.1 inches

tilt angle 15 degrees

sine tilt angle 0.258819

height of module 10.12 inches

Calculate Space Under Module

cosine tilt angle 0.9659258

space under module 37.77 inches

Calculate Shadow Length

Altitude Angle of Sun 9am 12-21 Oakland 15.5 degrees

tangent of altitude angle 0.2773245

shadow length at 9am angle 36.49 inches

Calculate Inter-Row Spacing

9am, 12/21 Azimuth from South at Latitude 37.8 42.5 degrees (Oakland, CA)

cosine of azimuth correction angle 0.7372773

inter-row space 26.90392

Repeating Distance of Rows 64.7 inches

Percent Increase in Space Needed for Same Amount of Modules Due To Shading

Verses Flat with 1" Spacing 61.3%

Verses Flat with no Spacing 65.4%

Verses PowerGuard Spacing (1.26") 60.2%

le Only (yellow boxes)
Inter-Row Spacing Calculator by Sean White
Enter Module Width & Tilt Angle Only (yellow boxes)
Calculate Height of Module

module width 39.1 inches

tilt angle 20 degrees

sine tilt angle 0.3420201

height of module 13.37 inches

Calculate Space Under Module

cosine tilt angle 0.9396926

space under module 36.74 inches

Calculate Shadow Length

Altitude Angle of Sun 9am 12-21 Oakland 15.5 degrees

tangent of altitude angle 0.2773245

shadow length at 9am angle 48.22 inches

Calculate Inter-Row Spacing

9am, 12/21 Azimuth from South at Latitude 37.8 42.5 degrees (Oakland, CA)

cosine of azimuth correction angle 0.7372773

inter-row space 35.552572

Repeating Distance of Rows 72.3 inches

Percent Increase in Space Needed for Same Amount of Modules Due To Shading

Verses Flat with 1" Spacing 80.3%

Verses Flat with no Spacing 84.9%

Verses PowerGuard Spacing (1.26") 79.1%

le Only (yellow boxes)