IPv4 Addressing

Prof. Krishnamoorthy A
School of Computer Science and Engineering
VIT
 Outline
IPv4 Address
Conversion
Type of Addresses
Network Prefix
Reserved IP Addresses
Private IP Address
IPv4 Address
› Each device on a network must be uniquely defined.
› The packets of the communication need to be identified
with the source and destination addresses of the two end
systems
› IPv4 is 32 bits in length and difficult for human to
remember. Therefore, represent IPv4 addresses using
dotted decimal format.
› 10101100000100000000010000010100
(172.16.4.20)
IPv4 Address

› Some portion of the high-order bits represents the

network address.
› Network - a group of hosts that have identical bit
patterns in the network address portion of their
addresses.
IPv4 Address
› A variable number of bits that are called the host portion of the
address. The number of bits used in this host portion determines
the number of hosts that we can have within the network.
Binary to Decimal Conversion
Binary to Decimal Conversion
Type of Addresses
Network Prefix
› How do we know how many bits represent the network
portion and how many bits represent the host portion?
› We use network prefix.
› The prefix length is the number of bits in the address that
gives us the network portion.
› Ex: 172.16.4.0 /24, the /24 tells us that the first 24 bits are
the network address. This leaves the remaining 8 bits, the
last octet, as the host portion.
How do we calculate network address, broadcast
address and host addresses?
Reserved IP Addresses

• Experimental addresses are listed as reserved for future use .

Currently, they cannot be used in IPv4 networks. These
addresses could be used for research or experimentation
Private IP Address
› Most IPv4 host addresses are public addresses
› There are blocks of addresses that are used in networks that require
limited or no Internet access.
› 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 (10.0.0.0 /8)
› 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 (172.16.0.0 /12)
› 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (192.168.0.0 /16)
References
› Computer Networks: A Systems Approach,
Larry Peterson and Bruce Davie, 5th Ed, The
Morgan Kaufmann Series, Elsevier, 2011.
Thank you