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net/publication/309184403

Analysis of Tendencies and Pronounced Predispositions of Nascent Managers


Based on Smiescheck's Personality Questionnaire

Article · December 2016


DOI: 10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.041

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0 57

3 authors, including:

Dana Maria (Martinescu, Oprea) Constantin


University of Bucharest
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ScienceDirect
Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 10 (2016) 598 – 603

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University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,
Faculty of Management, Economical Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 59 Marasti Blvd, 011464, Bucarest-1, Romania
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University of Bucharest, Faculty of Geography, Meteorology – Hydrology Department, 1 Nicolae Balcescu Blvd, District 1, 010041, Romania

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Peer-review under responsibility of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest
doi:10.1016/j.aaspro.2016.09.041
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