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PROVINCIAL METRIC
STANDARD OPSS 906
SPECIFICATION FEBRUARY 1993
TABLE OF CONTENTS
906.01 SCOPE
906.02 REFERENCES
906.03 DEFINITIONS
906.05 MATERIALS
906.05.01 Steel
.02 High Strength Bolts, Nuts and Washers
.03 Electrodes
906.05.03.01 General
.02 Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
.03 Storage and Conditioning of Electrodes
.04 Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
.05 Electrodes and Shielding for Gas Metal Arc and Flux Cored Arc Welding
(GMAW and FCAW)
906.07 CONSTRUCTION
906.07.01.02.01 General
.02 Preparation of Material
.03 Inspection and Repair of Planar Edge Discontinuities
.04 Assembly
.05 Workmanship Tolerances
.06 Tack Welds
.07 Temporary Welds
.08 Groove Weld Backing
.09 Termination of Groove Welds
.10 Details of Welding Procedures
.11 Control of Distortion and Shrinkage Stresses
.12 Preheat, Interpass Temperature and Heat Input Control
.13 Dimensional Tolerances
.14 Profile of Welds
.15 Corrections
.16 Peening
.17 Stress Relief - Heat Treatment
.18 Cleaning of Welds
.19 Arc Strikes
906.07.02.01 General
.02 Assembly and Inspection
.03 Trial Assembly
906.07.03.01 General
.02 Advertising While in Transit
906.07.04 Erection
906.07.04.01 General
.02 Connections
.03 Bearings
906.01 SCOPE
This specification covers the requirements for the fabrication, delivery and erection of structural steel for
highway bridges.
906.02 REFERENCES
General Conditions
CAN/CSA G40.20-M92 - General Requirements for Rolled or Welded Structural Quality Steel
W48.4-M80 - Solid Mild Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
W48.6-M80 - Bare Mild Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
W48.7-M77 - Diffusible Hydrogen in Mild Steel and Low-Alloy Steel Weld Metals: Test Methods
A490-M91a - High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes 10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel Joints (Metric)
A5.23-90 - Specification for Bare Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding
A5.28-79(R90) - Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Arc Welding
A5.29-80(R89) - Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding.
906.03 DEFINITIONS
Bearing Contact Area: means two planes which are in contact or have a separation between them not
exceeding 0.12 mm.
Erection Diagrams: means drawings showing the dimensioned layout of the steel structure, from which
shop details are made, and which correlate the fabricator's piece markings with the location in the structure.
Flush: means a profile of weld reinforcement in which there is a smooth gradual transition between base
and weld metal involving grinding where necessary. Weld reinforcement not exceeding 1 mm in height,
may remain on each surface, unless the weld is part of a faying surface when all reinforcement shall be
removed.
Fracture Critical Member: means a member, including attachments, in a single load path structure, which
is subject to tensile stress and whose failure could lead to collapse of the structure.
Proposal: means a Contractor's submission of changes, where engineering design is required, affecting
either the original design or shipping, as stipulated in this specification.
Smooth: means a profile of weld reinforcement, in which the surface finish or weld reinforcement has
sufficient smooth gradual transition, involving grinding where necessary. Weld reinforcement not exceeding
the following limits, may remain on each surface:
Proposals by the Contractor shall bear the seal and signature of an Engineer.
Four weeks before the commencement of fabrication, the Contractor shall submit to the Contract
Administrator, two copies of erection diagrams, shop details and welding procedures, which shall include the
following:
One stamped copy of the erection diagrams and shop details will be returned to the Contractor. The
Contractor shall then submit eight copies of the stamped erection diagrams and shop details to the Contract
Administrator.
Four weeks before commencement of erection, the Contractor shall submit to the Contract Administrator,
two copies of the erection procedures, including lifting point locations and details of all temporary supports.
One stamped copy of the erection procedures will be returned to the Contractor. The Contractor shall then
submit six copies of the stamped erection procedures to the Contract Administrator.
Prior to fabrication two copies of mill test reports for all materials, certifying that the material conforms to the
Contract, shall be submitted to the Contract Administrator.
Symbols for welding and non-destructive testing on shop drawings shall conform to clause 3.4 of
CSA W59 -M.
906.05.01 Steel
High strength bolts shall be supplied with heavy hex nuts and one hardened washer per bolt. The bolts
shall conform to ASTM A325M or A490M. The nuts shall be of heavy hex type conforming to ASTM A563M
suitable for use with ASTM A325M or A490M bolts of the type specified. Hardened washer shall conform to
ASTM F436M, suitable for use with ASTM A325M or A490M bolts of the type specified.
906.05.03 Electrodes
906.05.03.01 General
Electrodes shall conform to clauses 5.2.1.1 to 5.2.1.5, inclusive, of CSA W59-M, with references only to
Tables 12-1, 12-2a, and 12-2b, and to the following CAN/CSA G40.21-M steel grades:
260W; 260WT; 300W; 300WT; 350WT; 350A; 350AT; 400WT; 400A; 400AT; 480WT; 480A; 480AT; 700Q;
and 700QT.
Electrodes for shielded metal arc welding shall be of the basic type conforming to CSA W48.1-M or
CSA W48.3-M, as applicable.
Storage and conditioning of electrodes shall conform to clauses 5.2.2.3.1, 5.2.2.3.3, and 5.2.2.3.4 of
CSA W59-M.
Electrodes and fluxes for submerged arc welding shall conform to clause 5.2.3 of CSA W59-M.
906.05.03.05 Electrodes and Shielding for Gas Metal Arc and Flux Cored Arc Welding
(GMAW and FCAW)
Electrodes and shielding for gas metal arc and flux cored arc welding shall conform to clauses 5.2.4.1 to
5.2.4.6, inclusive, of CSA W59-M. Only controlled hydrogen (CH) designation electrodes shall be used for
the flux cored arc welding process (FCAW).
The Charpy V-Notch (CVN) energy requirements for the weld metal in fracture critical and primary tension
members shall be as specified in the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, Section 11, Appendix A11.1,
Clause 1.1.
Shear connectors shall be of a headed stud type conforming to Appendix "H" of CSA W59M.
Identification of structural steel shall conform to clause 29.6 of CAN3-S16.1-M. In addition, fracture critical
and primary tension members shall be identified such that the components of each member are traceable to
material test reports which indicate the required toughness properties.
906.05.07 Bearings
906.07 CONSTRUCTION
The fabrication weld metal requirements, base metal repairs and repair of welds in fracture critical and
primary tension members shall be in accordance with the requirements of the Ontario Bridge Code,
Section 11, Appendix A 11.1
The company undertaking welded fabrication under subsection 906.07.01, shall be certified in conformance
to Division 1 or Division 2 of CSA W47.1.
906.07.01.01.02 Electrodes
Electrodes shall conform to the applicable standard of the CSA W48 series on welding electrodes, or the
AWS A5 specifications for filler metals.
Welding procedures - conditions of prequalification shall conform to clause 3.1.3 of CSA W59-M.
Selection of type of groove and welding procedures shall conform to clause 3.1.4 of CSA W59-M.
Complete joint penetration groove welds shall conform to clause 10.1.1 of CSA W59-M. Unless produced
with the aid of steel backing, the root of the initial weld shall be gouged, chipped or otherwise removed to
sound metal before welding is started from the other side. Complete joint penetration groove welds not
conforming to clause 10.1.1 of CSA W59-M, may be used on web splices with the approval of the Contract
Administrator, who may specify additional inspection requirements.
Where practical, web to flange fillet welds shall be made continuously by machine or automatic welding.
Welds, when corrected, shall blend smoothly into the adjacent welds. When corrected by welding, a semi-
automatic or manual process may be used.
906.07.01.02.01 General
Electrodes, workmanship and techniques shall conform to clause 5.1 of CSA W59-M.
a. The preparation of edges by oxygen cutting shall be done by machine whenever practical.
b. All cut edges which are not to be welded, shall have a roughness not greater than 1 000 in conformance
to CSA B95 and clause 5.3.2 of CSA W59-M.
When welding is to be used to repair notches of cut edges of fracture critical and primary tension
members, the requirements of the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, Section 11, Appendix A11.1
shall apply.
c. All surfaces and edges of materials to be welded shall conform to clause 5.3.1 of CSA W59-M.
Inspection and repair of planar discontinuities shall conform to clause 5.3.3 of CSA W59-M.
Inspection and repair of planar edge discontinuities in fracture critical and primary tension members, shall
conform to the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, Section 11, Appendix A11.1.
906.07.01.02.04 Assembly
Assembly shall conform to clauses 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.4.3 and 5.4.6 of CSA W59-M and the following:
b. Intermediate stiffeners may be either vertical or perpendicular to fabrication worklines, depending on the
fabricators practice.
c. Bearing stiffeners fitted to bear shall have a minimum bearing contact area of 50% and the separation of
any remaining portions will not exceed 0.5 mm, except locally at the tips of the bearing stiffeners where
a separation of .75 mm is permissible. Fitted intermediate stiffeners shall have a minimum bearing
contact area of 25%, and a maximum separation of 2 mm.
Workmanship tolerances shall conform to clauses 5.4.5.1 and 5.4.5.2 of CSA W59-M.
Tack welds shall not be used on fracture critical or primary tension members unless they are incorporated
into the final weld.
Temporary welds shall conform to clauses 5.4.8 and 12.5.5 of CSA W59-M.
Temporary welds on fracture critical, primary tension members and flange material in compression will not
be permitted.
Extension bars, when attached to flanges, shall have the welds placed inside the joint, so that they can be
welded over and fused into the final joint.
Groove weld backing shall conform to clauses 5.4.9 and 12.5.2 of CSA W59-M.
Termination of groove welds shall conform to clauses 5.5.1.2 and 12.5.1 of CSA W59-M. For groove welds
in butt joints extension bars shall be used.
d. Clause 5.5.4 "Gas Metal and Flux Cored Arc Welding" (GMAW) and (FCAW);
e. Appendix "H" and Clause 5.5.6, "Stud Welding" (STW), but with the exclusion of Clause 5.5.6.5.2.
Control of distortion and shrinkage stresses conform to clause 5.6 of CSA W59-M.
Preheat, interpass temperature and heat input control shall conform to clause 5.7 of CSA W59-M.
In the case of welding repairs of fracture critical and primary tension members, the preheat requirements of
the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, Section 11, Appendix A11.1, shall apply.
Groove welds in web splices shall have a flush weld reinforcement profile for a distance of 1/3 of the web
depth from the tension flange, if the flange also requires a flush weld reinforcement profile.
For fracture critical and primary tension members, the requirements of the Ontario Highway Bridge Design
Code, Section 11, Appendix A11.1, shall apply.
Webs shall be cut to the specified camber, with suitable allowance for shrinkage due to cutting and
subsequent welding.
Mechanical means, or heat, may be used to correct the shape or straighten a welded member. If such a
member is a fracture critical or primary tension member, the prior approval of the Contract Administrator is
necessary.
Such corrections shall conform to clause 5.10.5 of CSA W59-M, with the additional requirement that any
steel members subject to such correction shall be allowed to cool in still air.
906.07.01.02.16 Peening
Stress relief - heat treatment shall conform to clause 5.12 of CSA W59-M. Temperatures shall be recorded
using thermo-couples or other accepted methods. A record of the heat treating operation, showing
temperature and time data, shall be maintained and made available to the Contract Administrator upon
request.
The treatment of arc strikes shall conform to clause 5.14 of CSA W59-M.
Arc strikes in fracture critical and primary tension members, shall be repaired in accordance with the
provisions of Clause A 2.2.4, Section 11, Appendix A11.1 of the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code.
Prior to commencement of welding, the Contractor shall make available to the Contract Administrator, the
Canadian Welding Bureau's transferable or non-transferable identification cards for each tacker, welder or
welding operator, to be employed on the work. Such identification cards shall be currently valid and shall
indicate the welding process and the positions which the personnel are qualified to weld. In addition, the
provisions of Clauses 7.1.4, 7.1.6 and 7.3 of CSA W59-M shall also apply.
All welding repairs, involving fracture critical or primary tension members, shall be carried out in accordance
with the requirements of the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, Section 11, Appendix A11.1.
Details of welding procedure requirements for prequalified joints shall conform to clause 10 of CSA W59-M.
The assembly and inspection of Joints, using ASTM A325M or A490M bolts, shall be in accordance with the
provisions of Clause 22 of CAN3 S16.1-M, except that "Turn-of-Nut" tightening shall be the only installation
method used.
All bolted splices shall be sub-punched or sub-drilled, put together in the shop and then reamed, unless put
together and drilled from the solid.
906.07.03.01 General
The Contractor shall perform all work necessary to ensure safe delivery and storage of structural steel at the
site specified in the Contract.
Structural steel shall be loaded for shipping in such a manner that it can be transported and unloaded at its
destination without being excessively stressed, deformed or otherwise damaged. Plate girders shall be
transported with their webs in a vertical plane.
Structural steel, when stored, shall be stockpiled to avoid excessive stress deformation or other damage.
Not less than 7 days before any shipping begins, the Contractor shall provide the Contract Administrator
with the delivery schedule.
Advertising, by means of removable signs, insignias, etc., is permitted on elements only while in transit to
the specified site. Painting of advertisements directly on elements, will not be permitted.
906.07.04 Erection
906.07.04.01 General
Erection shall not commence until Erection Procedures submitted in conformance to Subsection 906.04.03
have been returned, stamped, by the Contract Administrator.
The Contractor shall notify the Contract Administrator in writing of the starting date at least two weeks prior
to the commencement of field operations and work shall not be carried out until the Contract Administrator is
on the site.
Repairs to erected material will only be permitted when the procedure is approved by the Contract
Administrator.
The Contractor shall not use any of the material intended for use in the finished structure for erection or
temporary purposes unless such use is provided for on the plans or authorized by the Contract
Administrator.
Excessive hammering which will injure or distort the members will not be permitted. Surfaces to be in
permanent contact shall be cleaned just prior to assembly.
906.07.04.02 Connections
At the time of erection all splice plates shall be free of all contamination such as burrs, drillings, oil, dirt and
paint.
The installation of high strength bolts, nut and washers shall conform to clause 906.07.02.02.
The Contractor shall correct minor misfits, except splices of main material, on using minor amounts of
reaming, cutting, clipping and shimming. Any error in shop fabrication, or any deformation resulting from
handling or transportation, which prevents the proper assembly and fitting of parts, especially splices of
main material, shall be reported to the Contract Administrator for approval of the method of correction.
906.07.04.03 Bearings
906.07.05 Attachments
Attachments making use of tack welds which are not part of the welds shown in the contract, will not be
permitted on any portion of the girders.
906.07.06 Coatings
Radiographic, ultrasonic or magnetic particle testing, will be carried out by the Owner using procedures in
conformance to clause 8 of CSA W59-M, and acceptance criteria in conformance to clauses 12.5.4.3 and
12.5.4.4 of CSA W59-M.
b. Butt Joints in Compression Flanges - by radiographic or ultrasonic methods at a frequency of one joint
in four;
c. Butt Joints in Webs - by radiographic or ultrasonic methods for a distance of at least 1/3 of the web
depth from the tension flange; and
Non-destructive testing of repairs to fracture critical and primary tension members will be in accordance with
the provisions of the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, Section 11, Appendix A11.1.
The Contractor shall give the Contract Administrator not less than 24 hours notice of when the work is ready
for testing. Such notice shall include the type and quantity of work to be tested.
The Inspector will verify that the identification marks are applied to the correct material of correct heat
number.
Payment at the contract price for the item "Fabrication of Structural Steel" shall be full compensation for all
labour, equipment and material to fabricate the structural steel including the bearings when there is no
separate tender item.
Payment at the contract price for the item "Delivery of Structural Steel" shall be full compensation for all
labour, equipment and materials to load at the shop, transport to the site specified in the Contract, unload
and stockpile if necessary, the structural steel including the bearings when there is no separate item.
Payment at the contract price for the item "Erection of Structural Steel" shall be full compensation for all
labour, equipment and materials to erect the structural steel including the installation of bearings when there
is no separate item.
Costs for electric power, scaffolding, protection from the weather and access for material testing and
inspection shall be included with the appropriate tender items. The Owner will bear the cost of shop
inspection and initial testing where such inspection and testing is required subject to the provisions of the
General Conditions.
All costs, including inspection and testing, associated with correction or repair of rejectable defects shall be
the responsibility of the Contractor.