JTKM/BMMH 2303/5(4)

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

MEKANIKAL & PEMBUATAN
UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

THERMODYNAMICS

BMMH 2303 SEMESTER __ SESI 20__ / 20__

LAB 4: MECHANICAL HEAT PUMP

DATE

NAME OF GROUP MEMBERS & 1.

MATRIX NUMBER

2.

3.

4.

NAME OF INSTRUCTOR 1.

2.

EXAMINER’S COMMENT VERIFICATION STAMP

TOTAL MARKS

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1.0 OBJECTIVES
1. Define and describe the concept of refrigeration and heat pump
2. Determine the COP of the refrigeration and heat pump

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of laboratory session, student should be able to:
1. Describe the concept of heat pump and refigeration system.
2. Explain the function of the main components of heat pump and refrigeration system
and the processes occur in it.
3. Apply the concept of Second Law of Thermodynamics to determine the
performance of refrigerators and heat pumps.

3.0 SYNOPSIS & THEORY

There is no difference in principle between a heat pump (Figure 1) and a refrigeration

system (Figure 2). In a heat pump the heat which is rejected by the condenser or heat exchanger is
used for heating purposes. The condenser is therefore located within the space to be heated, such
as a room within a building. On the other hand, the evaporator is located externally and draws its
supply of heat from a source at a lower temperature than that in the condenser. In practical, the
heat source of heat pump is often the atmosphere, but sometimes a river or soil is used instead.

The only difference with air conditioning/refrigeration system is that the heat pump system
intended to cool a separate source of heat and disposes the heat into the occupied area. Rating of
heat pump is done by the ratio of heat output to electrical input, which is called the Coefficient of
Performance (COP).

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Both of those systems can be summarized in figures below.

Figure 1 Heat Pump System Figure 2 Air Conditioning/Refrigeration System

APPLICATION

Heat Pumps in Industry

Industrial heat pumps are used to recover or make best use of heat in manufacturing processes or
in public utilities such as energy generation & distribution. They vary enormously in both size and
concept, but most are specially designed for the application. In the UK the best seller is the
dehumidifier/dryer for batch drying ovens, e.g. for textiles or wood, where duties of a few kW are
typical. In Japan, Sweden and the Netherlands, multi-MW heat transformers operating on the
absorption cycle are used for waste heat recovery in petrochemical and steel works.

Domestic Heat Pumps

Heat pumps are a feature of many homes in, for example, Switzerland, Norway and the
Netherlands, but not many systems have been installed in the UK.

Domestic heating only heat pumps can compete environmentally and economically with gas
heating. Reversible heat pumps, which can also provide summer cooling, are not as efficient as
those designed for heating only and are likely to result in higher heating bills and overall greater
environmental impact compared to other fuels. The output of currently available domestic heat
pumps is limited to approximately 5 kW so they are best suited to small or very well insulated
properties.

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4.0 EQUIPMENTS

Figure 3 Mechanical Heat Pump

5.0 PROCEDURES

Experiment 1 : Introduction Of Refrigeration Cycle

Preparation

1. Ensure the water filled up to 2/3 in the chill tank.

2. Power supply to the equipment is ready, i.e. 415V 3phase.
3. Boot up the computer DAQ software (cooling system)

Procedure Of Start Up

1. Switch ON the equipment main power switch. (SW1)

2. Switch ON the chiller power switch. (SW4)
3. Select mode, by selecting the heat pump or refrigeration switch to “REF” refrigeration mode.
(SW3)
4. Switch ON the compressor. (SW2)
5. Allow the refrigeration cycle to run for 5 to 10 minutes.Then only start take the value in Table 1.

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Experiment 2 : Introduction Of Heat Pump Cycle

Preparation

1. Boot up the computer DAQ software. (Heater system)

Procedure of start up

1. Switch OFF the compressor for 10 seconds. (SW2)

2. Select mode, by selecting the heat pump or refrigeration switch to “HP” refrigeration mode.
(SW3)
3. Switch ON the compressor. (SW2)
4. Allow the system to run for 5 to 10 minutes, until the temperature and pressure reading are in
steady condition.
5. Record the temperature and pressure reading fill into Table 2 below. Refer to DAQ software
screen or at the touch screen display unit for all the data.

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Name: _________________________________ Metric Number: _________________

Section / Group: _________________________ Date of experiment: ______________

1. EXPERIMENTAL DATA

Table1 Refrigeration cycle process data

FM /
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 P1 P2 Power
Water

ºC ºC ºC ºC ºC ºC ºC ºC Bar Bar LPM Watt

a) Please elaborate the process temperature, pressure and refrigerant phase condition of the
refrigeration cycle.

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Table 2 Heat cycle process data

FM /
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 P1 P2 Power
Water

ºC ºC ºC ºC ºC ºC ºC ºC Bar Bar LPM Watt

b) Please elaborate the process temperature, pressure and refrigerant phase condition of the
heat cycle.

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c) Refer to process data collected in experiment 1 (Table 1). Draw the cycle data into the
given P-h diagram below.

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d) Find out h1, h2, h3 & h4, fill in Table 3 below.

Table 3 Refrigeration cycle enthalpy data

h1 h2 h3 h4

kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg kJ/kg

e) Calculate the refrigeration cycle COP,

COP refrigeration (COPREF) = (h1 - h4) / (h2 - h1) =_______________________________

=_______________________________

=_______________________________

f) Calculate the heat pump cycle COP,

COP heat pump (COPHP) = (h2 - h3) / (h2 - h1) =_______________________________

=_______________________________

=_______________________________

g) Base on the equation below; calculate the overall COP.

Refrigeration output QL

= _______________________________________

=________________________________________

Where: m is water mass flow rate ( kg/second ).

is specific heat of water 4.2 kJ/kg•ºC.
T is temperature different of water in and out.
Density of water is 1000 kg/m³.

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h) Calculate the overall COP of the refrigeration machine.

Overall COP = /

= ______________________________________

=_______________________________________

2. DISCUSSIONS
Compare your calculated Refrigeration cycle and heat pump COP with book published
data, does it meet the requirement of COPHP = COPREF + 1. Explain the reasons.

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3. CONCLUSION
State your conclusions of the experiment.
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