Learning Target

a) Identify the different stages in the writing

process;
b) Explain the importance of specifying the
purpose, audience, persona, formality level,
and output before writing a paper;
c) Choose and focus on a topic for the paper;
d) Apply the writing process in writing a paper.
 Peter and Matthew dropped by the
faculty room to submit their respective papers
Study the to their English professor. When the professor
following checked their outputs, Peter was praised for
scenario his paper’s relevant topic, in-depth
explanation, logical organization of ideas, and
impeccable grammar. Matthew, on the other
hand, was shocked when his professor
returned the paper he submitted.
The professor noted that his paper was
very hard to read because the explanation was
disorganized, shallow, and not direct to the
point.
Matthew reflected on what happened
and realized that the reason for this
unfortunate event was that he failed to follow
the proper procedure in writing the paper.
Preparation

• establish your purpose

• specify your persona as a writer
• be informed of your target
audience/readers
• think of the topic you are writing
and the type of output you will
produce
 Example
Topic: Elections
General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To make the audience
more familiar with the processes related to
the elections
Target Output: Article in a Brochure
Audience: Senior High School students
Writer’s Persona: COMELEC
representative
Level of Formality: Semi – formal
 Modeling
• a process by which the
writer look at different
works which are similar in
nature with the paper
he/she is about to write.
• Example: argumentative
paper – check for at least
two samples of
argumentative essays
– organization, structure,
and language
 Generating Ideas

• Prewriting activities:
– Brainstorming
– Clustering
– Freewriting
Focusing on a Topic

• Next to do with the general

topic is to narrow it down
• Focus on your topic by
thinking of a question related
to your specific purpose
– Answer the question with at
least two details
– Your answer will probably
lead to your initial thesis
statement
Example
Topic: Voter registration
Purpose: To inform
Question:
: What are the steps to follow when registering as
a voter?
: What are some of the problems with the current
voter registration system that voters and other bodies
experience?
Thesis statement:
The Commission on Elections and the voters have to deal
with schedule conflicts and large number of late
registrants – the two major problems that come with the
voter registration system.
 Organizing Ideas

• Organize your idea in an

outline
• Begin by answering the
question that leads to your
thesis statement
• Use these main ideas as
your heading (level 1)
• Then, write the subtopics
for each main idea (level 2)
• Finally, write the supporting
details for each of the
subtopics (level 3)
 Drafting

• focus on the content and organization

not on grammar and mechanics
• build your credibility by using reliable
and valid sources
• check the website address and look at
the URL
Top-level Domain Owner
.com Company
.org Non-profit organization
.edu Educational institution
.gov Government agency
• The following are usually reliable sources:
– References that are available in Google Scholar or
Google Books
– .edu, .gov and .mil links
• Exercise caution and critical thinking in using
information from the following sources:
– Links that end in .pdf
– .com
– .org
– Any other website with a reference list
• Avoid using information from the following
sources:
– Blogs
– Wikipedia
 Feedback

• Feedback is an important
component of the writing
process.
• During the drafting stage, the
feedback focuses more on the
content, structure,
organization, and clarity of the
message.
• Three classification:
– Self – feedback
– Peer feedback
– Teacher feedback
Revising
• Revising is an act of improving the
original paper by applying changes
based on the feedback.
• Apply critical thinking and evaluation
skills when considering the comments
• allot two to three days before starting
the revision
 Editing
• The finishing stage of writing are
editing and proofreading.
• Editing – focus on grammar and
language
• Proofreading – focus on typography
and mechanics
 Publishing

• Sharing your work to

others
• Post it on social networking
sites: facebook or blogs
• Reputed research-sharing
websites such as
academia.edu
• Come up with a book or
magazine out of your
essays