S TE V EFLIN D E R S

ul

t
o
=
OXFORD ENCLISH Y
o
tsBN 978-0-1 9-423623-2 o

,ilililltlilt[u[[|[tl
o

-,
Fl
x
-
 SCOT LA N D

\trfhatdo you think of when you hear rhe name 'scotland'?

Golf? Tartan? Bagpipes?The Loch Ness Monsrer? These
are all part of Scotland - but there is much more too.

There are old castles and exciting new buildings. There

are beautiful queens, brave kings - and a very famous
James Bond. There are cities with great shops and
museums, and quiet islands where you see nobody all
day.There are long, long summer days, and in the middle
of winter, when the days are short and dark, one of the
biggest street parties in the wodd! Welcome ro a very
speci al country...
 OXF oI{ I) BO O KW O R MS L I I ] R A R Y
--
Factfiles

Scotland
Stage1 (400headwords)

FactfilesScries Editor: (lhristinc l.irrclon

 OX.FORD
UNIVERSITYPRESS

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6DP

oxford University Pressis a department of the University of oxford.
It furthers the UniveFity's objective of excellence in resemh, scholmhip,
md education by publishing worldwide in
Oxford NewYork
Auckland CapeTom Daressalam HongKong Kuachi
CONTE N TS
Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melboume Mexico City Naircbi
NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto
With offices in
Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece IN TR OD U C TION
Guatemala Hmgary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore
SouthKorea Switzerlmd Thailand Tirrkey Ukraine Vietnam
oxFoRD and oxFoRD ENGLTSH de registeredtrade mtrks of 1. A specialcountry 1
Oxford Unive$ity Pressin the UK and in certain other coutries
2 Scotland'spast -)
@Oxford Univesity Press zolo
The moral rights ofthe author have been asserted J Edinburgh 9
Database right oxford University Press(maker)
Fi6t published 201o 4 Glasgow t2
10947654321
photocopying
5 Four Scottishcities 15
No unautlrorized
All rights resewed. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, 6 Highlands and islands 18
stored in a retrieval system, or tnnsmifted, in my fom or by my means,
without the prior pemission in witing of Oxford University Press, 7 Sport and free time
or m expressly pemitted by law' or uder tems agred with the appropriate
22
reprcgraphics rights organiation. Enquiries conceming reproduction
outside the scope ofthe above should be sent to the EIT Rights Department,
8 Five great Scots 25
Oxford University Press,at the addftss above
You must not cirulate this book in any other binding or cover
9 Food and drink 29
and you must impose this same condition on my acquter
Any websites refered to in this publication are in the public domain and
10 Scotlandand the world .f .)

their addressesare prcvided by Oxford Univemity Press for infomation only.

Oxford University Pressdisclaims any responsibility for the content
11 Scotlandtoday and tomorrow 38
r sBN:978 o 19 4236232
A complete recording of this Bmkwoms edition of scotlaf,d
is available in a CD pack rsBN gz8 o ag 423626 Z G LOSSAR Y 40
Printed in china ACTIVITIES: Before Reading 43
Word count (main text): 5,150
ACTIvrrrES: While Reading 44
For more infomation on the Oxford Bookwoms LibEw.
visit w.oup-com/bmkwoms A C T I v r r l E S : A f t e r R e ad i n g 48
AcKNow;EDcEMENTs
nl$vatim poge4 W Peter Bull A B O U TT H E A U T H O R 5l
Thepublrtws wmld likr to thank the follruirrgfor pemKim tn relmdw images:
Almy Images pp10 (Tafta kiltsPeter Scholey), 14 flemom0,leil McAlister), 15 (Aberden Hubou/
A B O U TT H E B O O K WOR M S
L IBR AR Y 52
David Robertson), 18 (Stem tnin/Blackout Conepts), 19 (Heather/David BGg), 21 (Callanish Standing
Stones/nagelesttrk.com), 23 (White mter kayaking/Arch White), 27 (Old Bessprctotyp€ stem engine/
The Print Collector), 28 (Sherlock HolmesPictorial Press Ltd), 29 (Brod/avara images), 31 (Des*rts/
Simon Reddy), 35 (The Camegie Library of Pittsburg{Andre Jemy); Bridgemn Aft Libmry Ltd pp27
0mes Watt (17361819),after William Bschey (17531839),Paruidge, John (U9G1872) / Scottish
National Poftrait Callery,Edinburgh,Scotland),33 (lmhaberNo More,1883,Nicol,Johnwatrcn/@The
neming-Wfold Aft Foundation): Cephas Pictw Libmry p32 (Whisky distillery/Joris Luyten); FLPAp19
(Red deer/Desmond Dugan): G€tty Images pp2 (Otrshore drilling rigsfmn Hawkes/Risr), 3 (Hadrim's
Wal{Adam W@lfitt/X.obeft Harding Wdld Img€ry), 6 (Mary Sturt (1542{7)Frmcois Clouetfhe
Bridgeman Art Libmry), 9 (Edinbugh CasttelXathy Colltu/fni), 12 (White Stu liner Quen Mary/
Hulton A(hive), 14 (Ranges football spporte6/AFP), 20 (Fingalk Cavefin Richadmnf.lational
Geogxaphic), 34 ([nrigrants at Glasgow dcksftlulton Archive), 35 flartm Day Pmde), 38 (Scottish
Parliament Debating Chamber/Xathy Collimphotographet's Choie); OUP pp43 (clenc@, Scotlmd/
Digital Vision), 43 ('lhrtan/Corel), 43 (Maftirombe Beach/Corel),43 [Ihe Roud Tows in Windsor), 43
(lake District/Digital Vision), 43 (Buck Island/Photodisc); Photolibmry p26 (Haggis ceremony/Anthony
Blake/Fresh trood hDages):Punchsttrk p16 (toch NessPhotodisc); Rex Featres pp8 [Ihe abmdoned
villilge Rirsg Buidhe/Design Pic lnc), 36 {Sem Comery/Jmes Fmser); Scoftish Viewpoint pp (Eilem
Domn Cilstle/Colin Patesonidw.scottishviewpoint.@m), 11 (Edinburgh Military Taftm),22
(St Axlrcws golf course), 24 (Higlrfand Cmes), 25 (Charlotte Square), 30 (Sconish fish); The Royal
G)llc(1i(n l'i(1urc l.ibrary p7 flhe Batde ofCullodenfhe Royal CoUection@ 2009 Her Majesryquen
Elizabeth II).
 ,,,*',ffi,
#$u"' A s pe c iacI o u n t r y
,,ffi, Hiiffi.ffi
l l r. r' c i s non' hcrc l i l < c S cotl rr ncl.
S eotl rrncl i s rr c< ' rrntr' ) i n . l L( ) Unr t '\ : I f is Pr t |t oi
(
' r' t' .rt l ' rri trti n (L.rtr:l rrrrrlS
, cot llr ncl. er r cl \ \ 'r r lcs) . r r nt l o1'
tl r. Il rri tccl Ir.i ngcl ont ([:rru . lr r ncl
, Scot l. r r r r l, \ \ 'r r lt 's, r r r r t l
\,r' rl rcr-n Ircl rl nrl).
\t' otl rtncl i s i n thc i ,rr n,,r't lr r vr 'st of I r r r r ) |. ( . l) ( . t \ \ r , L, n
tl r, ,' \tl .urti c ()ce rtrrrurtl thc \o r r lr \ t . . r . lr is olr r . n . , , 1, . 1
. ur . l
r' ,r' (' \,
rtl t(l i t r:ri ns e l ot i n s()nt( l) iu- t \ ol t lr t , r ( ) r r ) ll'\ . llr r t t lt , '

l rt oP l t' of S eotl l rrrrll oi c tl rci r c( ) unt l'r , r 'lnr l nr r 'ln\ \ r r it or ',

l , \totl rrrrrl l ovc i t too. Il rcr'lor e r lr c lr er t t r t r l't rlr
l ills r r r r t l
tn,,rrn[r' ti nsoi tl re n()rth. thc scr r , r n. l t he lJ( X)islr r nr ls,r r r r t l
tl r, si r ci ti cs - L:cl i rrl rrrl gh,('l. r seou. , \ bcr - clt , , - 'n.
l) unr lt r ',
I nr t' rrress,rrntl S ti ri i ng. 1' hc c() r . r r rf \ i s spccir J r ur t l \ eou islr

l rt oIl t' i l r-c spcci rrl tot,: oi ten \ \ 'lr r nr ilnr l ir i( 'nr . ll\ :
Il rt' t' c rtt-t' ,tl .torrtfi vc nti l l i o r r l) r 'oplc in Scot lr t nt l. \ lost
\r .l s l i r c i n the so rrt h. i rr or nc lrr t he [ r ig e it ies of F- t linlr t r r slr
i l r(l (;l :l \g()\\' . \l ost oi thc nt lr 't h of r hc L( ) ul) t r \ i: r ur - r
, rl rl )l \ i n()t nri l l rI l )eoP l e l i V c t he r e.
.\ \totti sl t 1.,c1' s1;;1 rs el sr, ,, r t llcr lr r Scot . l. t r t i. , r r ( , nt t t ( ) l
r.rl l . .rl rout rr .teofcl r l )cl -s()n:Scot t , lrnt ( ': ln\ r r lr iskr . . r t lr . inl<
rrr.r,l , i rr S eotl rrnrl . S cotti sh 1'r co1. lcr r r - t lll. it ir lr , l't t cr r r r st ,
.tl .uttl i s P rtrt ol (i rcrrt lir it lt r r r . I r r r t \ ( ) r r nt u\ t n( ) r
".
,.rl l \.,tti sh P eopl t' l .ngl rsl r! Thc Set ) r \ . ln( l r ir c l. nLllislr
r r , , I i I I r.t'eI I t .
 These days everyone in
Scotland speaksEnglish, but
2 nd'spast
Scotla
at one time, people in the
north and west of Scotland
did not speak English. They
had a different language, a Scotland is the oldest country in the world. \7hy? Because
beautiful language called the hills of the north-west and the Hebridean islands are
Gaelic. About 60,000people more than 2,700 million yearsold. You can walk on some
- L per cent of the people of the oldest rocks in the world there.
in Scotland - speak Gaelic People first lived there 9,000 years ago. At Skara Brae
now. But many more want on the Orkney Islands, in the far north of Scotland,
Gaelic in their lives because you can see the houses of early people from about five
it is part of the story of thousand years ago. The housesat Knap of Howar, also
Scotland. on the Orkneys, are the oldest in Europe.
Scotland is not a very hot The Romans went to Scotland, but they did not
country. In the summer the stay there for long. Between AD 122 and 1.28they built
days are long and it can be Hadrian's Wall. It was 1.L7kilometres long, and went
warm. But in the winter the from seato seaacrossthe most northern part of England.
days can be just sevenhours The Romans stayedin England for nearly three hundred
long, and it often rains. years until about an 400, and then they left and went
For many years,Scotland was a poor country, but now back to Rome. Today you can visit Hadrian's Wall in the
things are better for most people. There is oil and gas rrorth of England and walk along parts of it.
in the sea between Scotland and Norway. Edinburgh is
an important place for money, and there are big banks
there like the Royal Bank of Scotland. People in many
countries drink Scotch whisky, and the whisky business
makes a lot of money for Scotland. Tourists visit this
beautiful country and that brings money to Scotland too.
Many people love living and working there, and more
than 20 million visitors go to Scotland each year.
 Scotldnd'spast

Who were the first Scots? The pcople trorth of

'Wall
Hadrian's wcre called Picts by the Romatrs.NUccrrtr
still seesomeof their story in their picturesin stone.Btrt
there wcre irlso Scotti from lreland (the name 'Scotlltlcl'

,'4 comes from the Scotti), Vikir-rgsfrom Norway, and sotlrc

English people from the sollth. These different peoprles
came under one kir-rgin the fl00s.The first king of all the

:q Scots,many peoplesay,was KennethMacAlpin. He was

king from tl43 to 851i.But the most famous Scottishking
of this eerrlytime is Macbeth (1040-1057).Hc is frttrrotts
becauseShakespeare wrote abottt hirtt. F<lrSltrtkcsl'rcere
,
Macbeth was a very bacltrtlrtt- bttt hc wlls ll()t w()rscthilll
'tl*ivr'rDea of thosc errrlyclays.
many other kir-rgs
:i:tai

j
There were mal-ly battles l-rctrve ctt l'.nglerrcl rrtlcl
'-+\

{\ Scotland. One important Scot wrrs Williern Wallece

(about 1270-1305).You cau leartr abottt hinr irr thc film
Dundee
a Braueheart Then in 1314,the ScottishKing Robert the
o Bruce took his men to the Battle of Bannockburn.After
Loch: '.---fStirling 5t the battle, 10,000 Englishmen were dead, and Robert
Lonond becameone of the most important kings in the story of
bannockburn I
-h Ednburgh Scotland. Soon after, Scotland was free and stayed free
for nearly three hundred years.
ln 1542, a little girl called Mary became queen of
Scotland: she was six days old, and only the sccotrd
l{i' woman to be queenof this country.Mary Qttecttof Scots
became a tall ',andbeautiful wolllrlll' bttt sot.ttcSc()tsclicl
not want her to be clrtcctr.Mltry wcttt to I'.ttgllttlclrrtlcl
askedElizabeth,thc F-nglish(lrrccrr,firr lrclp, btrt she clid
rrrlclclieclin
not get it. She ltever rcttlrllcr.lt() Scotlrrtlcl,
England after triueteeltycrtrs.Vtrt crrtrre:.ldMlry's story
 Scotland'spast

In the Highlands, things were very different. After

I7l4,Great Britain had German kings, from Hanover itr
north Germany. Many Scots in the Highlands wanted a
Scottishking - someonefrom the Stuart family like Mary
and James,not a German king in London' They wanted
CharlesStuart - 'Bonnie PrinceCharlie' - the grandson
of the last Stuart king, Jamesthe Secondof England ar-rd
the Seventhof Scotland. Charles Stuart left France arrcl
came to Scotland: he wanted to be King of Scotlancllrrcl
England too. But Charlesand his men lost the Battle of
Culloden. near Inverness,it.t 1746. Cull<tcletlwrrstl-rclrtst
big battle in Great Britain.

in Mary, Queen of Scots(Oxford Bookworms Stage 1).

Mary's son James Stuart becameking of Scotland and
then King James the First of England roo. In 1707, rhe
two countries becameGreat Britain.
In the 1700s,Scotland was more like two corrrrtrics
than one: there were rich cities in the south, brrf rhcre
were poor counrry people in the Highlarrcls(rhc hill
country in the cenrreand the north of Scotlrrnrl).At that
time, Edinburghwas one of the most importrrnl citics in
Europe and many famous thinkers livcclthcrc. l'hcn in
the 1800sGlasgow becamerich; people brnlr big slrips
there,and later frains.So the south of Scotlrurtllr,r.lbrrsy
citieswith beautiful buildings,lots of worl<,,rntl rrrorrcy.
 Scotland

After the battle, the British soldierslooked frrr (lhrrrles. #fu

but he went inro the hills. The people of the Highlarrds
4&
E d in b u r g h
and the islands helped him to go back ro France, bur
life became difficult for them after that. The British
soldiers stayedin the Highlands, and took away houses
and land from the friends of CharlesStuart. After this Many people begin a visit to Scotland in Edinburgh, the
many poor families left the Highlands and wenr to the capital city.Edinburgh is an old city with many important
cities in the south of Scotland,or to other countries- the and interesting buildings, and about 470,000people live
USA, Canada, Australia,and New Zealand. Some went there. After London, Edinburgh is the second city for
becausethey wanted to begin a new life, but others went visitorsin Britain.
becausethe rich owners of the land in Scotlandwanred ro Come to Edinburgh by train from the south, and yott
put animalsthere.Between1840and 1880,40,000people arrive at \WaverleyStation. \fhen you come out of the
left just one island - the island of Skye. station, Edinburgh Castle is in front of you, high up on
Life becamemore difficult in the 1900s,but oil and gas
in the North Seabeganto bring money to Scotlandagain
in the 1.970s.
Let's look now at someof rhe famous places
in the Scotland of today.
10 Scotland
a hill. From the castle, you can see all over the city. You
can seethe famous One O'Clock Gun - and at 1.o'clock,
from Monday to Saturday,you can hear it too. It makes a
very big noise!
Edinburgh is built on hills, but you can walk around
the city easily.From the castle, you can go down the Royal
Mile to Holyroodhouse. This building, three hundred
years old, is the home of Queen Elizabeth the Second
when she comes to Edinburgh. This part of the city is
called'the Old Town'.
Then take a walk alongPrincesStreetin'the New Town'.
The New Town (1767-I84U is more than 150 years old
now but still has this name. Some shops havethe famous
Scottish tartans. Each clan - a big, old Scottish family is
called a clan - has its own tartan, and in the windows you
can see the different tartans for famous Scottish clans.
People with a Scottish family name can buy and wear the
family tartan. (Peoplewithout a Scottish name can buy
and wear a tartan too!)
Edinburgh has many wonderful things. The buildings
in the New Town - in Charlotte Square, f<rr examprlc-
are very beautiful. There are very good nruscr.uns:thc
National Museum of Scotland is uear the Royal Mile,
and tells you a lot about the Scotland of yesterclayarrd
near the castlc,
today.The National Gallery of Scotlar-rd,
has beautiful pictures from Scotland and from many
other countries too.
In August, thousandsof people come to the Edinburgh
Festival. Singing, dancing, cinema, books, pictures,
theatre - you can seeand do hundreds of different things
at the festival. And also in August, every evening for three
weeks, you can go to the Edinburgh Military Tattoo at
Edinburgh Castle. There you can see soldiers atrd hclr
music from Scotland and from lots of othcr countrics.
On 31 December everyonew.lnts to bc irr tlrc city
centre for the famous street pirrty for llogtttrttlily - tl'lilt
is the Scottish name f<rr Ncw Yertr'slivc. llrrt tltcrc rtrc
'l'hc prrrty
only 100,000tickets,ancltlrcy go vcry rluickly!
begins in one ycar aud firrislrcsirr tlrc lrcxt - that is a
good time!
12
Gl,asgow
Glasgow is Scotland'sbiggestcity and the thircl biggest
in the United Kingdom after London rrnd Birmingham.
About 630,000peoplelivein the city and about 1.2million
in and near it. It is not very far from Edinburgh- rrbont
lifty minutesby train - but it is very different.
The Rivcr Clydc runs throlrgh the centreof Glasgoq
atrdit has an important prrt in the story of Glasgow.Two
hurrdredycars ag(), Glasgow was a snrall t<lwn. Then,
British shiprsbegan to go all ovcr thc world. Big ships
crlmeLrpand down thc Rivcr Clycle.They carrieclthings
from other countrics.In the 1800s,Britain wrrsthe richest
country in thc world. Shipbuildingbec:rmeveryimporrerrt
anclGlasgowbecamea city of shipbuilders.At onc tinre it
It;€
ffi\e:
()lttsgc,ttu
was the fourth largestcity in Europeaftcr Lonclorr,l'rrris,
and Berlirr.Vru can seesome of thc beautiful builclirrgs
. Todaythereis t.tottttttclr
from that time in GeorgeScluare
shipbuilding;sonrcp:rrts of Glasgow are vcry 1'roorattrl
many pcople have no work. But things are changing irr
Cilasgow.Ask a Glaswcginrrr(rrpersoufrorn Glasgow).'1ir
them, Glasgow is the fricndliestcity in Britairr,rrnclonc
of thc most excitingcitiesin Britain too.
Thcrc arc lots of things to do at night in (ilrrsgorv.
It is perhaps tht: bcst city irr Britirin rftcr Lorrclorrfirr
shopping t<lo. Like Eclirrburgh,it rs rr grccrrcit1,.It lr,rs
seventyparks, and you catt <,ftenscc thc lrills f-rorrrtlrt'
ccntre of the cit,v.
It is a city of llr.lscunrs.Yltt crttt sr'r'rrtilrr\[rt'rttrtiIrrl
picturesin thc Glasgow (.ity' MtrsctttnrtttrlArt ( irrllu'r;
anciin the Burrell (,ollectionirnclPollok Horrsc,s()utlr()i
thc Clvde.
Effi."
t
rar5,

It is the city of CharlesRennie Mackintosh. About a
hunclredyearsago Mackrntoshand threefriendsbegan:r
new look in building:art uouveau.Much of Mackintosh's
best work is in Glasgow. His Glasgow School of Art
is on Renfrew Street. After you visit it, yoll can have a
coffee at the Willow Tea Rooms, zrlsoby Mackintosh, on
SauchiehallStreet.
ArrclGlasgow is, of collrse, a big football city. Yclucan
watch GlasgowCeltic at Ccltic Park,or GlasgowRangers
at the Ibrox Stadium, on Saturdays between August
aucl May.
/
t
,
I
u
t €i:&ffir*,u*"*,,..,,
c it ie s
Fou rS c o t t is h
Aberdeen,with 192,000preoplc,is the third biggestcity
in Scotland.It is in the eastof the coLlntry,on the North
Sea,and it is betweentwo rivcrs- tl-reDce irnclthe l)orr.
Fishing and shipbuilclirrgwere once irlrportrult l)('r'(',
but now it is fantousas thc oil capitrrlof tltt'IIh. liorrts
and planesleaveAbcrclccncvcrv tlrtl lor tltt'oil rtrrtl1i:ts
ttt.tttr
fieldsof the North See.lt lt,tstrt,, ttttitt't'sittts,.ttttl
w onc' l erful p:rrks l rtrcl e, t r . lct t s. I lr t ' t t t t lsit t r t t t t r \ lt t t it '
Lcnncl x ar-rclE vel yrr (i lcr r r r ic lr ot h cot t r c lt '. , t t t r \ lt . . 't . . 1. 't 't t .
Aberdeen
 Vis it or s t o . \ lr t rt]..trr o t.tt' n g () [() i ts b e r ruti i Lrl l ong I t t r r 't - t t c s s i : t l r t 't , t l l t . t l \ Il r l l r ( l l r ,'.l r l r r r 'l llr' l" I

l 'tce c h. ( ) r ' q( ) . lir r rl ti n !. s ()ri tl r ()t tl rr' ri tr:,.\ l .ertl ecrr i s l ) e g l ) i p c r - s i r l t l l e r r o t 'l t ] t t,tttt l ) ,-t, l i I |1 .1 1 r \ r I t 'r r 1 '1 ' 1 IIl " r
cl o se t o t lr c eolr l rrn c l l re rrrrti frrl rrro trrt.ri n s errl l t' tl tl rt. I t i s . - l , , s e t o t l t e [ 'c e L r t r i L tl l :l l i t' ,- .r l l ..l | ,,. l r \, '' l "' I' r

(.rti rrr gor r ls . r lnr l tl rc re rtre n t()l ' c rl ti l l t.l i () trtstl r' r i rr thi s t h e ( , e e l r e r r 'o t - t l i o r 'l r l l < t"i . ,\ r e t.r l ti g .r r r i tl t.tl ,.tl l "l rl"

p e rt of t lr t ' eor r nt r r: ()n t' o f th e n t i s l ' ,rrl rtrt,r' . r1,

tht.(l u(' (' l ts I . o c h N e r r \ l o t t s t . 'r . ( ) r N cssi e , l i vct i l r [.o .l l \..
".
\r r "l 'l

r:tstle. ( ] t r ec n F . liz rl ' t.' thL ()n te sl re t-ee v c rr' \l l l n nt(' r' . \ t ( ) l '\ ' s r l \ \ r h i s . l t r t c l t l t ottsl ttttl s o l - to L l l 'i sts g o tl r ttt t r r tr
l )tt nr le. . on t lr r' l { i re r Irrr. i s rrc :tr rl rr' N o rtl r S r' rrfoo. v e r l r t ( ) l o o l i i , r 'i t . l i t t t Nt'ssi t'.l o e s ttt,t r ( ) l l l e . l 't't- l tr t1 l ' tl l r "

l .i l <t' ( il: t . q, r t t , t r r ,.l.\l rc t-tl tttr, i l ri ,rt o rrtt i n tl -r.1' 1.1nt

fur' i r j r r 't . l \ l r ) l '\ l - i l t ' t t l t t t i s ts.
sl ti P[r 111ls l; 11g. I lr r ' s l ri 1 . /;7 .;,()r' (' /.\' \\,r. l rrri l t l rt' r' t' .:rntll ei r I lrerr thcrc i . S t i r l r t r g , to fl l e l l ( ) r tl l - ci l \t o l ' ( ,l .ttr '."r r

l )ttn c lt ' t 'i n l g0 l li r r ' ,.\rrt:rr' .t i t.r. \ r )\\. n 1 ()r' r't l r. rrr .r l r trrrdre,-l \lrrrtr t.isitors go t l r r o ttg h Sti r l i r l g l r h t'r r tl l t'r g {' I,

rcrtt't l. t t er , r hc s hiP i s l rrr.l i i rr l )rrr.l tt .l g .l i n , il r)(l \()u crl n tlre I lighl:rttrls. lt h , t s ,t \\'( ) l l ( l e l 'ftl l cr l stl e . ( ) l l t .1 ll"

r i srt it t he r e. l) Lr n tl c ' ci s rrl s o 1 ' :rn ro rrrl o r' i l ):l l 'r) l i l I i l (l c ! l.,iggcst illrd ttt()\t i t t t l 'r o t'tr l ttt cr l \tl cs i tr Sco fl r tr r ,l l'

Th t' K . ' iller l' r t r t t ilr [..g " l r tttrtl i i rrq( )l ' .u l q r'r]l .u n rrrl i r(l ehcl ' c l r : t t t l c o f l i , i t t t r o c ] i l . t t t r t t r r l l .l l - { r vr ts l l t'i l l ' ]r e r e . .l l r '
i r l -97, iur c l it l' r t ' e ,u rcl -rl rrro trs
rrl ] o rr' r' tl rr' rv o rl cl. \ l r u 'r l - r e e e t t t c ( l t l e L '] t o f- Se o t].i tl cl u h e r l sl l c r r r t: ,tr l '

c l r r r 'r o l t l .
18
&
# Hi g h ta nds and
i s tands
Hig h [ a n d S rh e H i g h l a n d is,
r-rth en or r handwest
of Scotland, are a special part of the world. There are
not a lot of people here - only eight people per square
kilometre - but there is a lot of beautiful country, with
lochs, rivers, and hills. The Highlands have two of
the most wonderful train journeys in the world: from
Invernessto Kyle of Lochalsh, and from Fort William
to Mallaig. Or visitors can go by road past the beautiful
Loch Lomond to the mounrainsat Glen Coe.
Highlands and islands le
Do you love to be out of the cities, walking, climbirrg,
looking for birds and animals, or taking photos?Thcrr
the Highlands are for you. The mountains are not very
high - Ben Nevis, the highest in the UK, is 1,344metres-
but they can be difficult. Sometimescold weather comes
from the north, so walkersand climbersneedto be careftrl
in the winter, and in the summer too.
'What
can you see in the Highlands?There arc rr()t
many trees on the hills, but there is bentrtiftrlhertthcr'
The water in the lochs is colcl atlcl clrrrk. llccl clccr rtttt
acrossthe hills, and perhapsyotl crll scc g<tlclctt crtglcs
high up in the sky.'Whenyou leavethe rorrcl,y()tl rlre s()()ll
in empty country; there is nothing but the hills errcltlrc
sky,the birds and the animals.
;ef;
20 Scotland Highlands and islands .lt

lstandS Scotland
hashundreds
of islands.
andlife From Ullapool, you can go acrossto Lewis in the Ottter
is different there. The island towns are small. On some Hebrides.There are long, white, empty beacheshere ancl
islands, like Skye and the islands of the Hebrides, many the 5,000-year-oldstone circle at Callanish. There are
of the people speak Gaelic. On the islands of Lewis and fifty standingstonesat Callanish. Time goesmore slowly
Harris, some people do not work, drive, or watch TV in this quiet, specialplace.
on Sundays. In the north, the islands of Orkney and
Shetlandarc nearer to Norway than to London.
From Oban in the west of
Scotland you can go to some
of the islands in the Inner
Hebrides.Here you can seesea
animals like seals.From Mull
you can go to seethe beautiful
caves of Staffa, or you can
visit Iona. Saint Columba
came to the small island of
Iona from Ireland in 563, and
began to teach people about
Christianity. Today Iona is an
important Christian centre
and half a million people go
there every year. The bodies
of Kenneth MacAlpin and
other Scottish kings are here
on lona. You can also go to
Skye,perhapsthe most famous
and the most beautiful of the
islands of Scotland, and see
the dark mountains called the
Cuillin near the sea.
22
ry
g Sportandfreetime
Many Scottish people love sporr, and in Scotland many
people play golf - the rich and the nor so rich. Golf began
in this country, and the golf capital of Scotland is St
Andrews, a small university city near Edinburgh. There
are more than four hundred golf coursesin Scotland, and
many of them are very beautiful. In the summer, when
the days are long, you can play from sevenin the morning
to ten at night.
Football is also very imporrant: in 2006 Scotland had
the tenth highest number of football clubs of any country
in the world. Celtic and Rangers are the biggest and the
most famous Scottish clubs but others like Aberdeen also
do well in Scotland and in Europe. The Scots play rugby
Sport and free time -:.)
football too, and it is an important sport in Scotland.Irr
1990 Scotland beat England,'Wales,Ireland, and France
at rugby - and every year the Scots want to do this again!
But now Italy plays too, so they need to beat five countries,
not four.
Scotland'shills and mountains are good for sports too
- walking, climbing, cycling, and more. And there are
lots of exciting sports on, in, and under the water, in the
lochs, rivers, and the sea. You can take a kayak down a
fast river, for example, or out to sea. The rain does trot
matter when you do these sports!
Between May and September,
in more than a hundred diffe rerrt
placesin Scotland, peoplc tttcct
at a Highland Games- rr fcstivel
of Scottish sports and nrusic.
You can see big men tossing the
caber,listen to Scottish music on
the bagpipes,and watch Scottish
dancing.
Not all Scots men have kilts,
but more and more of them
wear one sometimes, and lots
of people wear kilts to the
Games. When a Scotsmanwears
a kilt, he is saying, 'I like being
Scottish.'A kilt needsabout six
metres of tartan. When one of
the big clans - like Clan Donald,
Mackenzie. or Stewart - has a
 To s s ingt he c aber 25

* FivegreatScots

S cotl and i s not e l ' ti tl ctt t t r r t t 'r ', t t t . l . l. , . . ', t t , r t lr . t vt 'lt t r t t t t

peopl e, but thcrc i tl ' (' l l rrlll\ I illll( ) u\ , t t t t l it t t Pt ) ll. llll \ ( ( ) t \ .
H ere are fi vc < l f the nr.
R obert A dam (1728-1792) nr r r r lt ' sor r r t ' , I t lr t ' lr t 'st
bui l di ngs i n Great B ri tai n ir - rt he secot t clh: r ll'ol't lr t ' l7( X) s.
H e w ent to school ernduniver sit y in L, cliubt t r gh,at r r l t lt t 't t
to R ome for fi ve years to lear t r about t he buildings t lt cr c.
Then he came back to Br it ain. He wor kecl on t he Ncw
Tow n i n E cl i nburgh and you can see buildings by him ir r
C harl otte S quare. There ar e m any bear - r t if ulbuildings by
A dam i n F,ngl and and Scot land. People com e f r ont it ll
over EuroL-reancl America to look at them.

big meetir-rg,people come from rnllr.rycoul'ltries.lvlany

of them wear kilts in the clrtrrtrrrran when they come.
One clan ir-rthe USA - (llrrn [)orrrrlcl
- has 4,000families.
Their fanrilics went fronr Scotlrrnclto the USA perhaps
150yerrs rluo,but they still wrlltt to be Scottish.
 Fiue great Scots 27

Scottish food), drink whisky, and say poems by Br-rrns.

And at midnight on 31 December in many English-
speakingcountries, people sing the words of Burns whcn
they sing Auld Lang Syne' (the name of the song means
somethinglike'long long ago').
James 'Watt (1736-1819)was born in Greenock near
Glasgow and did not often go to school when he was ir
child: he stayedat home and his mother was his teacher.
Watt was a quick thinker and he liked to build things with
David Hume (171.1.-1775)
was a great thinker and his hands. He got work building things for the te:rchcrs
writer. People still read and talk about his books today at the University of Glasgow.There he becanrcirrtcrcstctl
becausethey are so important. He also wrote a very long in steam engines.He l'rcgrrrr
rr busirrcsswith lris fricrrrl
History of England - at that time, the most important Matthew Boulton,rrrrcl
frorrr l7L)lto lll24 thcy rrr:rtlcI , lr'r,l
book of this kind. Hume went to the University of steamengines.Theseengirrcsclrrrrrlic.l (ilcrrt llritrrirrrrrrrl
Edinburgh when he was twelve years old. Later he went the world. After Watt, thc worlrl wrrs;r rlil'l'crtrrtpl;rct'.
to Franceand made friends with famous Frenchthinkers
like Voltaire and Rousseau.His most important book is
A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-1740).
The next great Scot is Robert Burns (1759-1796); the
Scotscall him Robbie or Rabbie Burns. He was born into
a poor country family, the oldest of sevenchildren, near
Ayr in south-west Scotlar-rd.He began writing poems
when he was still a boy.He wrote about important things
- about life and love, rich people and poor people, and
Scotland. His words still speak to us today and many
Scotslove his poenrs.
Burns was born on 25 January, and that night is
called Burns Night by the Scots. On Burns Night there
are specialdirrnersnot just in Scotlandbut for Scottish
people in other countries too. They eat haggis (a special
28 Scotldnd
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859-1930)was born in
Edinburgh, went to the University of Edinburgh, and
became a doctor. But he did not make much money as
a doctor so he began to write stories about a detective
called Sherlock Holmes. Soon Sherlock Holmes was
(lonan Doylc becamerich and famous too.
frrmousrrrrc.l
He wrotc many stories about Holmes and his friend
'Watson,
Dr and also wrote stories about a man called
ProfessorChallenger.
There are films of many SherlockHolmes stories,and you
can read some of them in Bookworms: Sherlock Holmes
and the Duke's Son and Sherlock Holmes and the Sport
of Kings (Oxford Bookworms Stage1).
Do you know any other great Scots?
l9
+1 Foodand drin k
FOOd In the earl i cst dr r ys Scot t islr pcoplc r o. l< r lr t 'ir '
food fronr the serr,tl re river s, , r ncl t hc lr ur r l. lr r . <) nr
t lr . . 't t ', r
and the ri vcrs cl ttttc fi sh, r t nr l l'r 'ot t tt lr t 'l; t nt l t lr t 'r 't 1ot lr r r it ,
vegetabl es, rtnrl ttrt' l rt. l \n. l t lr . 'r 'g, ) t ( ) : r t \ lr or r r t lr t l. r r r . , l
too. They macl e tl tci r l r t 'er t t llt ', ) nr ( ) ir t s, iur ( l t lr ( '\ 'nr . r ( l( '
porri dge from oats :.' urcl
u 'et cr kr r r r lr ol br r ', r lil. r st .
P eopl e sti l l crrt rrl l ol ' t lr t 'st 'llr r nlit r n St , ll, r r r t l lot l; l\ ',
but they erl t l tew tl ri ngs too. l'r 'or r r l( ) (}( ) ( ) n, lu, t n\ ' l) ( '( ) l) l( '
began to conrc to S t' otl , r r r . llr '. ) nl ( ( ) lnllr it 's lilit lt , t lr ' , t nt l
Indi a, and thcy brorrght t lillt 'r ', 'r r t l''t l r vit lr t lr . 'r r r .
30 Scotlttncl
Thcre is a lot of good food in Scotlatrcl.It is famons
for its fish, like salmon and haddock, and for other food
from the sea.Fish farnringis very important for Scotland;
it giveswr>rk to rrbout 6,000 people, and brings lots of
money iuto the country.Thcn there is Scottishbcef - the
bcst beef in thc world, the Scotssay- and haggis,made
from meat, oats, and other things. Scottish raspberries
are also very good; the Scotslike to make a dish called
cranachan with raspberries,oats, and whisky. People
with lots of money can go to a hotel like Gleneagles,
near
Perth- perhapsthe most famous hotel in Scotlarrdtoday.
Ithas 232 bedrooms,three golf courses- and some of the
bestScottishfood.
But good food is not a part of life for everybody in
Scotland, and some poorer Scots do not eat very well.
British men usually live to seventy-sevenyears old, but
Foo d t nt l dr ir r l<
in some parts of Glasgow they only live to fift1 l.,rn.
Better f<lclclis very importaut for Scottishpeople torlrtv
and tomorrow.
C ranachan
and raspberries
f \
4
Df in k rn . wo rd ' w h i s k y ' c o m e sf r . n r t h . ' ( , . r t ' l r t
- the water of life. Whisky- rtlso.,rllt',1
'uisge-beatha'
' scotch' - i s made i n a d ist iller y. Ther e ar e nlor c t lt r t t t ot t t '
hundred di sti l l eri es i n Scot land - som e near F- clir r br r lulr
and Gl asgow i n the sout h, one on t he island of Skr r ', , ur , l
three on the Orkneys i n t he nor t h. Ther e ar c t t it t t 'r 't r llt t
smal l i sl and of Isl ay. Abor . r t half of t hc clist illt 'r 'i. , r r , '
'
near the R i ver S pey,east of I nver ness; t t t r t t t l vr t il, , t t lt l. , '
to vi si t the di sti l l eri es th er e and t r y t hc t lil'l't 'r t 'r r tl r lt t sl.t . s.
V i si tors toE di nburghcan visit t hcScot r lr \ \ 'lr nk t I lt r t |, t 1', t
C entre near the castl e.
 .tz Scotland

\,'
Scottna d an d
t h e wo r L d

Scotlandis a srnall country. Only five million peoplc livc

is
there.But for millions mort: acrossthe world, Scotlrrttcl
very important. Why is this?
In the 1800s many people left Scotlanclrttrclwerrt t()
other countries.Pcoprlcitt tl-reHighlenclslcft tht'ir'lt,rtrt..'s
and villagesbccattsctltt'r' rvt'r.'\'crv l)()()l' :ltt(l lt ttttgt'r:

Whisky is good bur anorherdrink in Scotlandis berrer:

water. The whisky is good becauserhe wlrer from the
hills is good. On a hot day,a drink of Scottisl-r
hill warer
can be the bcst clrink in the worlcl.
t

t\,1
$#l|
ilr:,.',i .t

irr the USA had telephorres. ln l9l.r lrt'

call acrosstltt'
nrrrclethe first telephor-re
Unitecl States fron New York to Srttr
Frirncisco.After he died in Cattaclrt,rrt
the ageof seventy-five,all the telephorles
in North America were quiet for ottc
minute to rememberhim.
Andrew Carnegie's family lcft
Scotland when he was eleveltancl wettt
-- t -\
to the USA. Carnegieworked harcl,rttrcl
\.\ --\'- by the 1880she had many l-rrtsitrcsst's
---_
' Leavinsl*flff;.ad:, and was very rich - tl-rcriclrt'stttt:tttitt
rtt,tl<itttl'
the worlcl. Whcrt hc st,,1't1t.'.1
hc g a l 'c his tttr ttt.'t to o tl tt't' p t o p l t'.

Sometimesthe rich people there wanred them ro leave. ( , l r r t t c gi t''s ttl ( ,tt( '\' lrrlilt t., l l ,,,,l t,

Marry others from the south of Scotland left because

they wanted a better life in a new country. Between the
1820sand 7914,more than two million peoplewenr from
Scotland acrossthe seasto the United States,Canada,
Australia, and New Zealand. More went in the 1920s.
Today there are six million Scottish Americans in the
USA. Every year many people wirlk through New York
on 6 April - Tertrrn Dey. A lot of ScottislrAnrcricansgo
back to Scotlerrcl
its t()rrrists.'['lrr'],rvrrnt
to find their past
nn.l to un(l('r\trln(lit.
So Scotlrrucl
is intl)()t'r:u)t
irr tlrc st()ryof other collntries
too. Two great Scotsirr thc USA rrrc AlexanderGraham
Bell (1847-1922)anclAnclrcw,(.rrrncgie(1837-1919).Bell
made the first telephonc.Hc begrrrrthe Bell Telephone
Company in 1877,and by 188.5nrorethan 150,000people
36 Scotland
universities,and other buildings in the LISA, the UK,
Australia, New Zealand, and lreland. Tlrcieyhis money
still helps millions of people around rhe world every
year.
Many Scots love to visit other countrics and do new
things. David Livingstone (1813-1873)went to Africa to
begin schoolsand to tell Africarrsabout Christianity.Hc
was thc first European to seethe Victoria Falls, betwcen
Scotlantl trntl t ltt rlt,t l,l
Zambia and Zimbabwe, and the first to go i.rcr()ss
r\lt'tt.r
from the Atlantic in the west to the Indian Ocealr itt tltt'
east. Alan Bean (1932-) is a Scottish Amcrican. Wherr
he went to the moon in 1969 -
only the fourth man to walk on
the moorr - he took some tartan
with him. Scotslike to so to new
places!
Who is the most famous Scot
in the world toclay? To many
people it is thc film strr Sean
Conr-rery(1930-).Scrtn (lotttrcrv
did a lot of cliffcrerrti.lrs ['t'l,t't'
he began w<lrkirrgitt tclt'r'isiotr
and cinema.Therr irr l96l lt..'rr',tt
James Bor-rdin thc lirst.frttttt's
Bond film, Dr Nr.,. Aiter tlris
he was famous evcrywhcre. I lc
made six more JamesBorrdfilnrs,
and maclemany other films after
that. To many pcople, his best
filrn is The Untouchables 0,987).
Connerydoesnot makefilms now
and doesnot live in Scotland,but
he lovesScotlandvery much and
does not want it to be part of the
UniteclKinsdom.
38 Scotland t <tday and l () tfi ()rr( ) ttl 39

tru nd today
Scot[a il*:Jffil
wrtlk rtlorrgtltc Ikrt':rl Milt', clirnb thc
rttt.lscc it lirr yotrrst'll'.
thc islrttrcls,

andtomorrow

The story of Scotland is interesting and sometimes

exciting, but it is not an easy story. Some Scots,like Sean
Connery,want Scotland to be just Scotland, and nor part
of the United Kingdom.
Scotland is still a country of rich and poor. The past
is important, but many Scots also wanr to think about
Scotland today and tomorrow. The Scots in the USA,
Austrafia, Canada, ancl New Zealand love the old rhings
- the music, the dancing, the tartans. But many of the
Scotsin Scotlandwant their country to look to rhe furure,
not the past. Scotland, they say,can be like Norway - a
country with five million people and with a lot of money
from oil. Scotland has money from oil, fish farming,
visits from tourists, barrks,compllters,and many other
businesses.
And there is new Iite hcrc: new business,new
cinema,new music.Things are changingin Scotland.
Today there is a Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh. It is
in an interesting new building on the Royal Mile. People
from every town and city in Scodand come here to talk
about their country. Some Scots want Scotland to speak
for itself, in Europe and in the world.
\Whatis in the future for Scotland?Nobody knows. But
it is alwaysgoing to be a beautiful, specialplace. Perhaps
 40 Glossary 4l

G L O SS A R Y king the most important rnan it.ra country

life the time that you rlrc alive; the way that you live
marmalade a soft swcct food made from sugar with orangcsor
also too; as well
lemons
bank a building or businessfor keeping money safely
mountain a very high hill
battle a fight betweenarmies in a war
museum a placewhereyou can look at old or interestingthings
beach the place where you can walk next to the sea
music when you sing or play an instrument,you make music;
beat to win a fight or game
musician (z) a person who makesmusic
become to grow or change,and beginto be something
oats a plant with seedsthat are used as food
beef rncat fronr lr cow
oil a thick liquid that comesfrom under the ground, usedfor
business buying arrdscllirrgthings;a placewherepeoplesellor
energy
mak et hings
parliament the pcoplewho makethe laws in a country
buy to give money for something
park a largeplacc with trccsitttclglrdcns whcrepcoplc crtr'lg()
capital (city) the most imporrant city in a country
to walk, play glnrcs ctc
castle a large, stone building
part one of the picccsof sotrrctllillg
centre the part in the middle of something
place wheresomething<lrsotrtclrotlyis
Christian following the teachingsof JesusChrist;
poem words written in lir.rcsitt ittt rtrtisticw;ty
Christianity (n) the religion that follows JesusChrist
poor with very little money
circle a round shape
queen the most important woman itl :t eotttltry
climb to go up towards the rop of something
rock the very hard materialthat is itt thc grotttttl
dance to move your body ro music
school a place where people go to learn
difficult not easyto do
soldier a person in an army
empty with nothing in or on it
special not usual or ordinary
festival a time when a lot of people come together ro havefun,
sport a game like football, tennisetc
make music,danceetc
steam engine a machine that usesthe power from steam ttl d<r
film a story in pictures that you seeat rhe cinema or on TV
things
fish farming (n) breedingfish as a business
story words that tell you about what happenedin a certain
food what you ear
pl aceor ti nrc
gas somerhingwith a srrongsmell that you burn to make heat
theatre st<lricspcrforttrccll'ryactors
golden eagle a large bird that kills small animals for food
tourist a pcrs()rlwlro visits,r plrlccon holiclrry
great importanr or special
university a plrtccwltcrc pcoplc sttr.lyrlftcr tlrey lcrtvescltool
grey with a colour like black and white mixed together
w hi sky a strongi rl cr> l roltlri c it t k
gun somerhingthat shootsout bulletsto kill people
w orl d the earth w i th rtl l i ts cor t t t t r icsr t t t t lpcoplt '
high a long way abovethe ground
island a piece of land with water around it
kilt a heavyskirt made of tartan
 43

Scotland ACTI VI TI I lS

BeforeReading
ACTIVITIES
I Match the words to the pictures.You can usea diction:rry.

llwall 2Ibeach 3Etartan

4lisland 5Imountain 6 lcastle

You will find eight of thesewords in the book. Which oncs

do vou think you will find?Whv?

n foothall E ship E tclcl'tltotrc I t cr r t t is

I oil fJ 1'',rrty I Irrrrrbrrl:rtcr' I t llink
I guitar ! solclicr' [ ] tl t'tt'ct i vc l: t pplt 's
44 .W
: h ile Reading
AcrtvtrlEs -15

Read Chapters 3 and 4, then circlea, b, or c.

ACTIVITIES
1 -is the capitalcity of Scotland.
\X/hileReading a) Glasgow b) Edinburgh c) London
2 The - Mile goesfrom EdinburghCastlettr
Holyroodhouse.
Read Chapter 1, then circle the correct words.
a) Royal b) Old c) Lor r g
1 Scotland is a country berweenthe Atlantic I for
3 Hogmanayis thc Scottislrttrttttc'
Mediterranean and the North Sea. a) Christnrits l't)stttlltltct' e) tll)ctt'tttlrt't'
Most Scottishpeople live in the north I south of the 4 is thc biggcstcity irr Scotl;rrttl.
-
counrry. a) Edinburgh b) llirrrrirrghrrrrr () (il;lsgorv
3 Scotlandhas about S0I 800islands. 5 In the 1800s,Glasg<lwstarteclto l'rccotttericlt bctrtttst'
4 A personfrom Scotlandis a ScotI Scotch. people- there.
5 Scottishpeople areBritish I English. a) built ships b) had festivals c) founcloil
6 Today everyonein Scotland speaksGaelic I English. 6 GlasgowCeltic and Glasgow- are footb:rlltcilllls.
7 In the past, Scotlandwas richer I poorer than it is now. a) United b) Rangers c) CitY

Read Chapter 2. Match thesehalvesof senrences. Read Chapters 5 and 6. Complete the sentenceswith thc
correct places.
1 The hills of north-westScotlandare. . .
2 Peoplefirst lived in Scotland . . . AberdeenI Ben NeuisI DundeeI the HighlandsI InucrncssI
lonalLewislStirling
3 The Scottishking Macbeth is famous . . .
4 Mary becamequeenof Scotland. . . 1 Boatsand planesleave- everyday for the oil and gas
5 Englandand ScotlandbecameGrearBritain . . . fieldsof the North Sea.
6 After the Battleof Culloden . . . 2 Marmalade from - is famous all overthe world.
3 A lot of bagpiperscome to - everySepten-rber.
a in 1707.
4 Mary becamequeenof Scotlandat -castle .
b becauseShakespeare
wrote about him.
5 You can seelochsand hills, and deer ar-rdeaglcs,itt
c when shewas six daysold.
6 -is the highestmountainin the UrritcclKitrgtlottr'
d more than2,700 million yearsold.
7 The bodiesof many Scottishkings arc ort
e many poor familiesleft the Highlands.
stouecirclcott
8 There is a 5.000-vear-old
f about 9,000yearsago.
 46 Acrtv lrtF.s: W h il e Reading
Read Chapter 7. There is one mistake in each sentence.
Write the correct senrences.
1 Golf beganin England.
2 Glasgowis the most important placefor golf in
Scotland.
3 Celtic and Rangersare famous cyclingclubs.
4 BetweenMay and September,peoplemeet ar the Island
Gamesin more than a hundred differentplacesin
Scotland.
5 A kilt needsabout two metresof tartan.
6 The Clan Donald familieswent from Scotlandto
England about 150yearsago.
Before you read Chapter 8, think about the chapter title,
Fiue Great Scots.Do you know any famous people from
Scotland?Why are they famous? Are they people from
history,or are they still alive?
Read Chapter 8. Answer the questions.
1 Why did Adam Smith go to Rome?How long did he stay
there?
2 How old was David Hume when he went to university?
3 Where did Hume meet Voltaire and Rousseau?
4 \)fhat do peopleeat and drink at a Burns Night dinner?
5 \X/hendo peoplesing Auld Lang Syne'?
'What
6 did JamestX/attlike to do when he was a child?
7 Vhat did JamesS7attand Matthew Boulton make?
8 Which universitydid Arthur Conan Doyle go to?
9 \Jfhat was Arthur Conan Doyle's firsr job?
10 tWhatwas the name of SherlockHolmes's friend?
ACTtvr'uti.s:W lt i I c lit',ttl i rty .t'
trtrc ( | ) ol l;rlrc (l')?
ReadChapter9. Are thesesentences
1 Peoplemakeporridgefrom vegetablcsrllr(l\\'.ll('t.
l.t'orrrlt,rlt'
2 After 1900,many peoplecameto Scotlrttrcl
and India.
3 Fish farming is very important for Scotland.
4 Gleneaglesis a cheaphotel near Perth.
5 Men in someparts of Glasgowhavea shorter life th,rrr
most British men.
5 The word whisky comesfrom the Gaelicfor'water of
the hills'.
Read Chapter 10. Choosethe best questionword for thesc
questions,and then answerthem.
How many lWhat l.Who l'Why
1 . . . peoplelive in Scotland?
2 . . . did Alexander Graham Bell make?
3 . . . was the richestman in the world in the 1fitlOs?
4 . . . did David Livingstonego to Africa?
5 . .. did Alan Beantaketo thc rrlootrin 1969?
Read Chapter 11. Complete the summary with these
words.
free, future, loue, oil, part, people, Scottisb,tartan
the old things,
The Scotsin the USA and Canada-
But many of the - irr
like Scottishdancingand -.
ttot f ltc
Scotlandwant their country to look to the -,
past. Some- peopledo not want Scotlatrclto l'rc-
c()tllltry'
of the United Kingdom. They want it to I'rcrl -
with a lot of money from -.
48 .tc/r \ '/ l t t , \ :i\ f l( r / ( r ', r , / lr r , q 49

ACTIVITIES U se the cl ues bel ow t o com plct e t lt is clossr vot 't lr vit lt r vt t r ds
from the story. Then f ind t he hiddcr r r t it t c lct lcl r vor t l'
After Reading

Here are two postcards from different places in Scotland.

Complete them using the words below.

Ben, capital, Castle,eagle,festiual,film, Gaelic, highest,

Highlands, hill, island, lochs, Mile, Scottish, uisitors,west

Hi!
'We'ru
staYingr in Oban, in lhe- of
Saof/anL' Llsl week wa lraYe//eA
Around fhe -. We saw so'ne beaufifu/
Saofs aa// fhen I an/- we
lakes the
wa/ked- olt- NeYis, fhe mounfAin
-
in fha unifaA- Kinqd-on' We saw,an-
wrote about this Scottishking.
1 Shakespeare
hiah in fhe skY't Nex/ waek we'ra
oJiro fo visil 1kYa, a beaufifu/-' 2 A - is a big, old Scottishfamily.It has its owl.ltilrtilrr.
'sorb peop/e fhere sPeak -!
3 Many Scotspeoplelove the poemsof Robert -.
See you! Rico and ltlaraia 4 The Scotsword for the last day of the year,whetrtlrcrt'is
' ,]( !:.ll:j:[]' :i' lli' 1]i.,' ' ltj:i..!i!.::1iil:|' l!]]i:.l l i i ]l i ,l i l ]:::l l i
a big streetparty in Edinburgh.
5 Cullodenwas the last big - in GreatBritrrirr.

Hello! 6 This beganto bring moneyinto Scotlandirr th.' l()"0s.

in Edinburlhllt,r the_- citv btrilt
7 Nearly two thousandyearsago,the Ror.rrrtrrs
Y.1? of 1r
..".,H;L* t-:yft,aad Hadrian's- acrossthe most northcrttprlt'l()l
we.reesoyinjthe t
tnere
xre tlvusards of---
there is tots to do. We
watcheJl
cineraalart ni4ht. Bz.fore
the
that, u€;k
Royar
in tie city.
at the
ed alorl
to ta,"u*ti--]l
fl England.

Scotland,are the -
irr tlrt' 1,rr11111
8 Somehouseson the Orkney Islartcls, 111
ir-rEttrol're
.
'l

,i1, ,,1, no [t',,ttt

oA 4-.--. Top,ornou 9 Annie Lentroxis r nrusicirttt
to".e
. pru4icat the ;fJ:rril-tn.hea'r
Byul Ti^a and .foe The hidden word in the crosswortlis
]:.!, : i: al. ] dr 4, . . : : ] , i! . : q' . ' |+ . , . 1f . : : a|.. , 1 , {j : l r f : r 4 'n i : ! . r '] 1 i - i r l i i : : - , i : ! ;
f Which city is famousfor this lixrtl?
 50 ACTrv
tr tF,s
: Aft er Reading 51

Compare Scotland with your country. Use the information

in this book.

You can begin like this:

ABOUT TH E A U TH OR
There are abour five million peoplein Scotland,but in
(my country) there are_people. Peoplein Scotland
SteveFlinders is a British trainer and writer who has livcd and
speakEnglish,and somepeoplespeakGaelic too. In (my
worked in Pakistan, Sweden, Ireland, and France as wcll as in
country) peoplespeak_.
the UK. He now lives in the beautiful city of York in the north of
You can write about: England and is a director of a training company' York Associates.
. food and drink His wife is French-Italianand they have three grown-up sons. His
main iob is teaching businesspeople and politicians in York and
. the weather
all over Europe. In his sparetime he likes reading, talking politics'
. birds and animals going to the theatre,swimming, playing squashbadly,and sleeping.
. sports and activities His other Oxford Bookworm Factfile title is The Beautiful Game
. things that bring money into the country (Stage2).
He is not a Scot but fell in love with Scotland when, at the age
Choose a city or part of Scotland that you would like to of ten, he went on a camping holiday to the island of Colonsay

visit (for example, Edinburgh, Skye,or the Highlands). Find with the Scouts.Sincethen, he has had many walking holidays
there and has climbed many of its best hills. He still bclicvcsthat
some more information about it, and make a poster or give
Scotlandis one of the most beautifulcottntriesin thc world - when
a talk to your class.Think about thesequestions:
it's not raining!
. \7hy would you like ro go there?
. 'What can visitors seeand do there?
. What can you find out about its history or its famous
people?
. What do peoplemake or do in this part of Scotland?

You can find more information about placesto visit in

Scotland at www.visitscotland.com and
http: / / en.wikipedi a.or g/ w iki / Scotland.
52 53

O X F O RD B O O K \ r O R M S L I BRARY THE OXFORD BOOKWORMS LIBRARY

GRADING AND SAMPLH, H,XTRACTS
Classics. Crime (t Mystery. Factfiles. Fantasy(y Horror
Human lnterest . Playscripts . Thriller (t Aduenture STARTER . ? .5 O H F]AD \JU OR D S
True Stories..Woild Stories - inrpcrlltive-
presentsimple - present c()lltiltl'l()Lls
canlcannot,must - going to (future) - sitnplc gcrtrnds" '
The oxroto BooKwoRMs LTBRARv providesenjoyablereadingin English, Her phone is ringing - but where is it?
with a wide range of classicand modern fiction, non-fiction, and plays. phone'
Sally gets out of bed and looks in her bag' No
It includesoriginal and adapted texts in sevencarefully graded language
stages,which take learners from beginner to advancedlevel. An overview She looks under the bed. No phone' Then she looks behind
is given on the next pages. the door. There is her phone. Sally picks up her phone and

All Stage1 titles are availableas audio recordings,as well as over eighty
answersit. sally'sPhone
other titles from Starter to Stage6. All Startersand many titles at Stages1
S T A G E T o 4 OOH EAD WOR D S
to 4 arespeciallyrecommendedfor younger learners.Every Bookworm is
illustrated, and Startersand Fact6leshavefull-colour illustrations. ... past simple - coordination with and, but, or -
subordination with before,after, when, because,so "'
The oxponn BooKwoRMs LTBRARvalso offers extensivesupport. Each
I knew him in Persia. He was a famous builder and I
book contains an introduction to the story, notes about the author, a
glossary,and activities.Additional resourcesinclude testsand worksheets, worked with there. For a time I was his friend, but
him
and answersfor theseand for the activities in the books. There is advice not for long. When he canle to Paris' I camc after him -
on running a classlibrary using audio recordings,and the many ways of I wanted to watch him' He was a vcry clcver' very dau€ierous
using Oxford Bookworms in readingprogrammes.Resourcematerialsare
man. The Phantom of the OPera
availableon the websire<www.oup.com/bookworms>.

The Oxford Bookworms Collection is a series for advanced learners. It S T A G E 2 C / QOH EAD WOR D S
consistsof volumes of short stories by well-known authors, both classic
. . . presentperfect- will (futve) - (don't) haueto, must not, could -
and modern. Texts are not abridged or adapted in any way but carefully
comparison of adiectives- simple i/clauses- past continuous-
selectedto be accessiblero the advancedstudent. tag questions- askltell * infinitive . . .

While I was writing these words in my diary, I decided what to

You can find details and a full list of ritles in the Oxford Bookuorms
Library Catalogue and Oxford English Language Teacbing Catalogues,
and on the website<www.oup.com/bookworms>.
do. I must try to escape. I shall try to get down the wall outside'
The window is high above the ground' but I have to try' I shall
take some of the gold with me - if I escape, perhaps it will be
helpful later. Dracula
 54 55

l ' , l { t , l ' : s l ()l { l l ' l s s l A (i l r I

S T A G ES o ro o o H E AD w o R D s BOO K\v OILM S

... sbould,may- present

perfectcontinuous- usedto _ pastperfect_
causative - relative clauses - indirect statements .. .
Mary, Queenof Sc<lts
TIM VI( l i \l {\'
Of course,it was most important that no one should seeColin,
Mary, or Dickon entering the secretgarden. So Colin gaveorders England and Scotland in the 1.500s'J'wo frttltotts (ltrcclls - MLrry'
(f
to the gardeners thar they must all keep away from that part of the Catholic Queen of Scots,and tlizabctlr l, tlrc l)rotcstxtlt tlccll
the garden in future. The SecretGarden of England. It was an exciting and a dlngcr()tls rilllc to bc rrlivc,
and to be a queen.
S T A G E 4 .I4 o o H EA D W OR D S Mary was Queen of Scotland when she was ollc wcck olcl. At
. .. pastperfectcontinuous- passive(simpleforms)_ sixteen, she was also Queen of France. She was tall and bcatltiful,
would conditionalclauscs _
- indirectqu€stions with red-gold hair. Many men loved her and died for hcr.
relativeswith uherelwhzr- gerundsafterprepositions/phrases
... But she also had many enemies - men who said: 'The dcath of
I was glad. Now Hyde could not show his face to the world Mary is the life of Elizabeth.'
again. If he did, every honest man in London would be proud
to report him to the police. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
BO oK!O O I{M S FA C TFI L E S S TA G E I

S T A G E 5 .I8 o o H E AD WOR D S T rl l

. .. futurecontinuous- futureperfect_
.Englano
passive (modals,continuousforms)_ .l()HN ESC OTT
u.,ouldhaueconditionalclauses - modals{ perfectinfinitive.. .
Twenty-fivemillion pcoplc c()nleto England everyyear,and some
If he had spoken Estella's name, I would have hit him. I was so
never go out of Londotr. Ilut ltngland is full of interestingplaces
angry with him, and so depressedabout my future, that I could citieswith greatshops
to visit and thingsto do. Thcrc arc big r.roisy
not eat the breakfast. Instead I went straight to the old house.
and theatres,and quict littlc villrrgcs.Yrtt cltttvisit old castlesand
Great Expectations
beautiful churches- ()r g() to fcstivrllswith ttltrsictwcnty-four
itftcrttoolttcir, wrrlk otl long
hours a day.You can havctrr F.llg,lish
S T A G E 6 .z 5 o o H EA D W OR D S
white beaches,watch a grc.ttgatrrc0f footlritll,or visit il c()uutry
... passive (infinitives, gerunds) - advanced modal meanings _ - wlrilt hasit got
house.Yes,Englandhassotnctlrittgfor cvcrylrocly
c l a u se so f co n ce ssio n . co n d itio n
for you?
Vhen I stepped up ro the piano, I was confidenr. It was as if I
knew that the prodigy side of me really did exist. And when I
started to play, I was so caught up in how lovely I looked that
I didn't worry how I would sound. TheJoyLuckCtub
56

B OOKlYORM S F ACT F IL ES ST A GE 2

The BeautifulGame
;T E VE F L IN D ER S

Some call it football, some call it soccer, and to others it's

'the beautiful game'. By any name, it's a sport with some
fascinatingstories.There is murder in Colombia, and a game that
lastsfor two dayswheremany playersneverseethe ball. There'sthe
French writer who learnt lessonsabout life from playing football,
and the women playerswho had to leavethe club grounds because
''Women'sfootball isn't nice'.
The cups, the leagues,the World Cup finals, the stars, the
rules - they're all a part of the world's favourite sport, rhe
beautiful game.

B O OKWORM S F ACT F IL ES ST AGE 2

Ireland
T IM VIC AR Y

There are many different Irelands.There is the Ireland of peaceful

rivers, green fields, and beautiful islands. There is the Ireland of
song and dance, pubs and theatres- rhe country of JamesJoyce,
Bob Geldof, and Riverdance.And there is the Ireland of guns,
fighting, death, and the hope of peace.Come with us and visit all
of theseIrelands- and many more . . .