The World Tipiṭaka Notation Handbook 2020

The World Tipiṭaka Notation is the culmination of 20 years’ work of the World
Tipiṭaka Project which was undertaken under the Patronage of His Holiness Prince
Krom Luang Vajirañāṅasaṁvara, the Supreme Patriarch of Thailand. It was based on
the two most important Tipiṭaka manuscripts. First, the Pāḷi text was based on the
Roman-script edition entitled Mahāsaṅgīti Tipiṭaka Buddhavasse 2500 (The Great
International Tipiṭaka Council Buddhist Era 2500) which was published in 2005 as the
complete 40-volume World Edition for the first time.

Second, it was based on the Sound of Lahu (quick) and Garu (prolonged)
syllables, the orthographic writing of which has been phonetically transcribed from the
Chulachomklao in Syām-Script Tipiṭaka 1893 Edition. Furthermore, the Pāḷi syllabic
segmentation was based on the innovative phonetic symbols in the Syām-script edition
which made it possible for the World Tipiṭaka Project to develop a computer
programme for Lahu and Garu syllabic segmentation electronically. This programme
received a Patent No. 46390 and was used to ensure the digital accuracy in the
publication of Lahu and Garu transcription notation .

There are 406 Pāḷi Phonetic Symbols for aspirated, voiced, and Niggahīta
sounds, for example, which have been newly created to replicate the original Pāḷi
manner of articulations in according to pronunciation rules described in the Kaccāyana’s
Grammar, the oldest and the most important of the Theravādin grammar. The Pāḷi
Notation is therefore the result of the interdisciplinary studies between 2016-2017
under the National Research Council of Thailand which received an Award for
Research Excellence in 2019.

It is hoped that the World Tipiṭaka Notation Handbook which is specially printed
with QR Code for Digital Sajjhāya Recitation Sound from the 250-volume edition,
totalling 3,052 hours or 1.6 terabytes, will both facilitate and revitalise the Tipiṭaka
pronunciation of old, as well as, the Pāḷi phonetic studies, the applied musicology, and
the AI sound technology of the future.

The World Tipiṭaka Project

Under Patronage of
His Holiness Prince Krom Luang Vajirañāṅasaṁvara,
The Supreme Patriarch of Thailand
1999-Present
 Transliteration and Transcription Table
The Chulalongkorn Chulachomklao Syām-Script Pāḷi Tipiṭaka 1893 Edition
 C o m p i l e d by S u r a d h a j B u n n a g , t h e Wo r l d T i p i ṭ a ka ; P ā ḷ i P h o n e t i c A l p h a b e t by V i ch i n P h a nu p o n g ; P ā ḷ i N o t a t i o n by S a s i Po n g s a r ay u t h .
Karaṇa
Open Front Close Front Close Back Close Mid Front Close Mid Back
Ṭhāna
1 อ,อ
2 อา Labio
3 อิ ṭṭhaja
u ū
4 อี ริมฝีปาก
o
5 อุ Velar
kaṇṭ aja
a ā
h
6 อู
e
เพดานอ่อน
7 เอ
8 โอ Palatal
tāluja
เพดานแข็ง
i ī
9 ก์
10 ข์ Lahu
11

12
ค์
ฆ์
lahu
ออกเสียงเร็ว
[ -ะ] [ -ั ] [ -็า] [ - ิ ] [ -ุ ] [ g -็] [ F -็]
13 ง Garu

14 จ์
garu
ออกเสียงนานขึ้น
[- t ] [ -y ] [ -า ] [ - b ] [ - u ] [ -6 ] [ -^] [ g- ] [ F-]
15 ฉ์
ช์ Phonetic Alphabet Vagga Phonetic Alphabet Avagga
Articulation

16
Manner of

[vagga b‿yañjana] [avagga b‿yañjana]

17 ฌ์
Karaṇa

พยัญชนะวัคค์ (กักลม) พยัญชนะอวัคค์

Place of Articulation

18 ์ Voiceless Voiced ghōsā- Voiced Voiceless

Aghosa ghosa ghōsa- ghosa Aghosa
Ṭhānakaraṇa

19 ฏ์ ไม่ก้อง ก้อง vimutti ก้อง ไม่ก้อง

20 ์ Unaspirated Aspirated Unasprated Aspirated Nasalized Unaspirated
21 ฑ์ sithila dhanita sithila dhanita
sithila usuma
22 ฒ์ ไม่พ่นลม พ่นลม ไม่พ่นลม พ่นลม ช่องจมูก ไม่พ่นลม เสียดแทรก
23 ณ์ Glottis h
 ห๎
kaṇṭhaja
24 ต์ ที่เส้นเสียง
6

25 ถ์ Velar k kh g gh ṅ
 ก์  ข์  ค์  ฆ์  ง
26 ท์ kaṇṭhaja
27 ธ์ ที่เพดานอ่อน
1 2 3 4 5

28 น์ Palatal c ch j jh ñ y
 จ์  ฉ์  ช์  ฌ์  ์  ย๎
tāluja
29 ป์ ที่เพดานแข็ง
1 2 3 4 5 1

30 ผ์ Post-Alveolar ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ r ḷ
 ฏ์  ์  ฑ์  ฒ์  ณ์  ร๎  ฬ๎
31 พ์ muddhaja
32 ภ์ ที่หลังปุ่มเหงือก
1 2 3 4 5 2 7

33 ม์ Dental t th d dh n l s
 ต์  ถ์  ท์  ธ์  น์  ล๎  ส๎
dantaja
34 ย๎ ที่ฟันบน
1 2 3 4 5 3 5

35 ร๎ Labio-dental v
 ว๎
36 ล๎ dantṭṭhaja
37 ว๎ ที่ริมฝีปากกับฟัน
4

38 ส๎ Bilabial p ph b bh m
ห๎ ṭṭhaja

 ป์  ผ์  พ์  ภ์  ม์
39

40 ฬ๎ ที่ริมฝีปาก
1 2 3 4 5

41 อํ
42
อิํ
Nasalized
nāsikaṭṭhānaja
mํ Pāḷi Notation : Pāḷi-Roman / Pāḷi-Thai (S̮yām)


43 อุํ The World Tipiṭaka Sajjhāya 2020 Edition
ที่ช่องจมูก
8
ํ
Pāḷi Notation Version 1 Version 2 Version 3 Version 4

ะ [a] า [ā] ิ [i] ี [ī] ุ [u] ู [ū] เ [ē] โอ [ō]

Colour Vowel Symbols
 Pāḷi Notation Quick Guide

1 QR Printing in Sound Technology

2 QR Digital Sajjhāya Recitation Sound

3 Pāḷi Transliteration

4 Lahu-Garu Sound Colour Coding

5 Pāḷi Phonetic Transcription

6 The World Tipiṭaka Notation Reference

7 Pāḷi Notation Transcription

8 Tenuto Musical Symbol

9 Syllabic Segmentation & Pauses

10 Pāḷi Phonetic Symbol

 Pāḷi Notation Quick ฎกสากล : Guide
1 2
โนตเสียงพระไตรปิ
ปาฬิ-ไทย / ปาฬิ-โรมัน พ.ศ. 2563

Quick Guide Sajjhāya Recitation

วินยปฏก
vina
vinay
yapiṭak
apiṭakaa

ปาราชิกปาฬิ
pārājik
pārājikapāḷi
apāḷi
3

1. มหาวิภํค
1. mahāvibʰaṁga
1 -1

 2    0-5       
   
1

         
5      -  
 -  ]
4
[  -  -   -   -
[         ]

   
   5-5   5-5 
4-3 
0-5  
12

       
  
[ - -   -

 -  -  -  -
]

[          ]

เวรั๤ชกัณ๦ฑ
6 8 verañjak
erañjakaṇḍa
aṇḍa 9
1 -2

2     3    2     

4-3    3   2
22

2     

[  -

  -
 - 
 -

  -

  -
 ]-

[           ]

 2   
2-5       
 
33

7             2

[   -  -

 -   -
 - ]
 - 

[          ]

10 
ไมพนลม
ไมกอง

พนลม
ไมกอง

ไมพนลม
กอง

พนลม
กอง

ขึ้นจมูก
กอง

ลิ้นรัว
กอง

นิคคะหิต
โพรงจมูกเทานั้น
 Quick Guide to the Pāḷi Notation

1. QR Code & Sound Technology 

Watch the Sajjhāya Recitation Video Demo

2. QR Code to the Digital Sajjhāya Recitation Sound

Listen to examples of the Digital Sajjhāya Recitation Audio in volume 1

3. Pāḷi Transliteration​

The Transliteration Title Reference from the old scriptures to the Pāḷi-Syām
Script printed in parallel corpus with the Pāḷi-Roman Script
 4. Colour-Code Printing

Showing Light-Colour Printing for Lahu Sound and Bold-Colour Printing for
Garu Sound. The Lahu and Garu articulations are based on Byanjanakusala
Pronunciation Grammar in Vinayapiṭaka (Parivāravaggapāḷi No. 455).

5. LahuGaru Phonetic Transcription​

The Lahu and Garu Transcription is printed in Pāḷi Thai Phonetic  Alphabet in
parallel corpus with the Pāḷi Roman Phonetic Alphabet

6. Pāḷi Notation Reference

The Reference Pāḷi Book 1 (Pāḷi 1/86 ) is printed at the beginning of the
notation with the Paragraph No. 2 (2/79) and the Notational Bar No. 22
(22/20275), the reference of which is based on the Great International Tipiṭaka
Council B.E. 2500 Edition printed in Roman Script in B.E. 2548 (2005).
 7. One-Staff Line Notation

The Pāḷi Notation is presented in the One-Staff Line Notation to denote the
monotonic sound in the Indo-European Linguistic Family

8. Notes with Tenuto musical symbols

The tenuto symbols indicate a special Garu Sound originating from short-vowel
(or Lahu Sound originating from long-vowel with final consonant). The Lahu and Garu
articulations are base on Byanjanakusala Pronunciation Grammar in Vinayapiṭaka and
Kaccāyana Pronunciation Grammar. 

9. Syllabic Segmentations and pauses

The Syllabic Segmentations are based on the World Tipiṭaka Computer

Programme Patent No 46390. Pauses in the Pāḷi Notation are the transcription from
the World Tipiṭaka in Roman Script 2005 Edition. 
 10. Phonetic Symbols for Pāḷi Notation 

The Phonetic Symbols are printed at the tails of the notes in accordance with
the Pāḷi Manner of Articulations in Kaccāyana Grammar, the reference of which is
based on Sasi Pongsarayut’s research under the National Research Council of
Thailand, 2016-2017. The research received an Award for Excellence from Chulalongkorn
University in 2019.

the world tipiaka 2020

edition