5.

1) FUTURE FORMS (1): PLANS, INTENTIONS, HOPES & FEARS

(MIEDOS, TEMER).
SIMPLE PRESENT

Schedules:
My ICPNA class starts tomorrow at 7:00 AM.
Events:
The concert is on March 23rd.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Plans:
I’m traveling to the US in July.
Arrangements (preparativos between 2 persons):
I`m getting married tomorrow.

GOING TO
Plans:
I’m going to travel to the USA in July.
Predictions [close (cerca, adv.) to real]:
1 student is going to fail I06.
Will
Predictions:
It will rain tomorrow.
At the moment:
I will go to the movies.

A) Present Simple
We can use the present simple to talk about a scheduled event (evento
programado) in the future. We often use it to talk about schedules or to talk
about what time show start and finish.
B) Present continuous
We can use the present continuous to talk about a definitive plan in the future.
We often use the future time expressions.

C) Going to
We can use going to to talk about future plans and intentions.
We usually use going to and not the present continuous when no definite
arrangements have been made.
e.g. I’m not going to do any studying tonight (this is an intention, but no
arrangements have been made).

D) Will
We often use will to express our hopes and fears about the future.
e.g. I hope the weather will be better next week¡ I hope it won’t rain for the
wedding.

5.2) BRIDGING THE GAP (CERRANDO BRECHAS, UNIENDO

PAISES MEDIANTE PUENTES)
VOCABULARY: FUTURE PLANS & INTENTIONS
They intend(intentar) to open it to the general public in 2017.
This new network(red) aims (apuntar, objective) to improve finance,
logistic and professional services.
The project plans(planea) to boost(impulsar) the construction industry.
The project hopes(espera) to cut driving time.

5.3) GLOBAL TRENDS

Birth rate: Tasa de natalidad
Wealth distribution: Distribución de la riqueza
Climate change: Cambio climatico
Multilingualism: Multilinguismo
Urban drift*: movement of people from rural to urban areas
Women in the workplace: Mujeres en el lugar de trabajo
 Rise of Asia: Ascenso de asia
m-learning: Aprendizaje en internet

VOCABULARY: DESCRIBING TRENDS

Describing trends and changes

verbs adverbs adjectives
rise Rapidly Unstoppable
Go up Quickly Decreasing
Grow gradually increasing
Turn into(convertirse en)

FUTURE FORMS (2): PREDICTIONS

We can use both will and going to to make predictions and talk about beliefs
(creencias, fe, confianza, noun) about the future. There is little difference in
meaning between will and going to.
World population is going to increase steadily (continuamente, sin parar, adv.)
in the next few years.
We often use will with the passive voice to talk about predictions.
I think English will be spoken by a lot more people in the future.

5.4) FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE: AT PASSPORT CONTROL

Border crossing: cruce fronterizo.
If you can write in
You can say of formal or informal these: informal form, you
must to write this
Are you leaving in ten days’ time? part.
You’re leaving in ten days’ time? is that right?

6) GLOBAL TRENDS
KEY VOCABULARY: CELEBRATIONS & FESTIVALS
A) Nouns:
Concert: concierto
Contest: concurso
Costume: disfraz
 Event: evento
Festival: festival
Float: flotador
Holiday: Fiesta
Mask: Mascara
Parade: Desfile
Party: Fiesta
Present: Presente
Procession: Procesion
B) Words connected with festivals
Carnival: Carnaval
Chinese New Year: Año Nuevo chino
Diwali: Festividad indu
Easter: Pascua de resurrecion
Edinburgh Festival: Festival de edimburgo
Eid ul-Fitr: Festividad de musulman
Halloween: Vispera de todos los santos
Day of the dead: Dia de los muertos
Hanami: Festividad
Oktoberfest: Festividad
Venice biennale: Bienal de venecia
Arts: Letras
Beer: Cerveza
Local: Local
Music: Musica
National: Nacional
Pagan: Pagano
Religious: Religioso
Rock: Rock
Seasonal (e.g., spring): Estacional
 Traditional: Tradicional
Youth: Juventud

6.1) CARNIVAL OF CULTURES

VOCABULARY: RECOMMENDATIONS
Great time: Buen tiempo
An interesting way: Una forma interesante
The worst place: El peor lugar
A good idea: Una Buena idea

NOTICE: A MUST
Must can also be a noun. We use a must to mean something that is essential
in a particular situation.
Comfortable shoes are a must if you’re going to walk in the
country.
6.2) LOCAL HEROES
VOCABULARY: QUALITIES
Acceptance: Aceptación
Cooperation: Cooperación
Evil: Mal
Knowledge: Conocimiento
Popularity: Popularidad
Prejudice: Perjudicar
Strength: Fuerza
Tolerance: Tolerancia
Wisdom: Sabiduria (knowledge with experience)