EXCEL INDIA PUBLISHERS

NEW DELHI
 Contents
™ Messages v

SESSION I: RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT & IRRIGATION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

1. Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Water Balance Components of the
Payaswani River Basin (India) using SWAT Model
P. Yaswanth and P. Anand Raj 3
2. Hydrogeomorphological Study of Gharni Sub-basin of Manjra River: Using Remote
Sensing and GIS
C. Gurav, Md. Babar and S.I. Jadhav 12
3. Interpolation of Daily Gridded Rainfall using Empirical Bayesian Kriging
Ch. Praveen Kumar and V. Jothiprakash 18
4. Water Use Efficiency of Irrigation Project: Methodology, Approach and its
Estimation in Sukla Irrigation Project of Assam
Syeda Naznin Sultana and Dr. Uzzal Mani Hazarika 22
5. GIS based Surface Runoff Modelling for an Urban Panchkula City using SCS-CN
Method
Akashdeep Singh and L.N. Sharma 28
6. Performance Evaluation of ANN Models Developed for Estimating Missing
Rainfall
Shreenivas Londhe and Shweta Narkhede 35

SESSION II: IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
GROUNDWATER ISSUES AND MODELING
7. Impact of Climate Change on Coastal Environment
Sumeet Kulkarni, B.R. Rajasree, E. Roshin and M.C. Deo 45
8. Climate Deviation Adaptation and Mitigation
Prachi D. Mohite 47
st
9. Impact of Climate Change on Monthly Precipitation during 21 Century in Upper
Mahanadi Basin, India
Subbarao Pichuka and Rajib Maity 54
10. Response Function of Groundnut Influenced by Irrigation Water Salinity for
Coastal Region
S.M. Pandya and R. Subbaiah 60
11. Groundwater Studies of Aslod Stream Watershed, Taluka Shahada, District
Nandurbar, M.S.
S.N. Kalia 68
12. Estimation of Weekly Reference Evapotranspiration using Linear Regression and
Ann Models
K.N. Vyas and R. Subbaiah 72

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13. Estimation of Evapotranspiration using Artificial Neural Network and

Blaney-Criddle Method
Sumit Sharma, Rahul Agrawal and D.G. Regulwar 79
14. Estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration by Artificial Neural Network
A.D. Bhagat, P.G. Popale and S.D. Gorantiwar 86

SESSION III: WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT, RAINWATER HARVESTING,

ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE
15. Assessment of Average Sugarcane Crop Area using Remote Sensing and GIS
Techniques for Khadakwasla Project Command Area
R.W. Panse, Ravindra V. Shrigiriwar, Mahendra B. Nakil and Sunil A. Gaikwad 95
16. Impact of Urbanization and Land Use Change on Runoff in Small Watershed
P.K. Gaikwad and D.G. Regulwar 101
17. Vertical Farming—A Case Study
J.B. Gurav, R.U. Kamodkar and D.G. Regulwar 108
18. Rain Water Harvesting—A Campus Study
A.P. Keskar, S.G. Taji, R.M. Ambhore, S.V. Potdar, P.R. Ikhar and D.G. Regulwar 114
19. Unsteady Flow Analysis of Lower Dudhana River using HEC-RAS
Rahul Agrawal and D.G. Regulwar 120
20. Morphometry for Resource Conservation of Dehrang Catcment for Better Water
Supply of Old Panvel, MMR
Yogesh Deshpande, Mahesh Shindikar, Ravindra Jaybhaye and Sanjay Patil 126
21. Reduction of Scour Depth Downstream Stilling Basin using Baffle Wall
H.L. Tiwari and Arun Goel 133
22. Equation Solvers as an Alternative to Conventional Regression
Mohammad Zakwan 139

SESSION IV: MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND SIMULATION TECHNIQUES IN WATER RESOURCES

AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
23. Optimal Cropping Pattern and Water Allocation using GA Under Deficit Irrigation
Conditions
Gauri J. Pande and Dr. N.V. Umamahesh 147
24. Application of Hump to Control the Hydraulic Jump and thus to Improve the
Dissolved Oxygen Content
P.R. Dixit, Snehal Jadhav and Raj Shet 155
25. Detection of Pune City Sprawl in Khadakwasla Project Command Area
R.W. Panse, Ravindra V. Shrigiriwar, Mahendra B. Nakil and Sunil A. Gaikwad 163
26. Command Area Surveying and Mapping of Swasin M.I. Project, Washim District,
Maharashtra by DGPS Technique
R.W. Panse, R.V. Shrigiriwar, M.B. Nakil, M.M. Khairnar, and S.G. Wagh 168

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27. Study and Assessment of Village Level Water Balance Calculations in Jal Yukta
Shivar Program
Ankita G. Prayag and Umesh J. Kahalekar 173
28. Flood Estimation using Frequency Analysis by L-Moments for Mahanadi
Subzone 3(D)
H.J. Shiv Prasad, S. Vatsa and J. Prasad 182
29. River Flood Modelling and Mitigation using HEC-RAS
Tushar Chaudhari and Sunil Kute 189
30. Optimization of Reservoir Releases: A Case Study of Ukai Dam
Mittal Jariwala and Dr. T.M.V. Suryanarayana 198

SESSION V: APPLICATION OF SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES AND GIS TO WATER RESOURCES AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
31. Prediction of Meteorological Drought in Marathwada and Madhya Maharashtra by
using SPI and Climatic Indices
A.U. Chavadekar and S.S. Kashid 209
32. Prediction of Monsoon Rainfall over Homogeneous Monsoon Regions of India
Based on Global Climate Parameters
Vaishalee S. Khotlande and Satishkumar S. Kashid 217
33. Simulation of Runoff for Amaravathi Sub-Watershed using SWAT Model
S. Sowmiya and Carolin Arul 224
34. Application of SWAT Model for Tungabhadra River Basin
S. Nissi Priya and E. Venkata Rathnam 232
35. Tide Induced Groundwater Dynamics in Unconfined Coastal Aquifer: An
Analytical Approach
Anirban Dhar and Selva Balaji Munusamy 238
36. Optimization of Electrocoagulation of Chromium by Iron and Aluminium
Electrodes using RSM
N.K. Srivastava 246
37. Bias Correction for Monthly Air Temperature Field from IPCC Ar4 Model using
Quartile Based Matching Method over Indian Region
S.S. Motegaonkar and S.S. Kashid 253
38. Role of WALMI in Sustainable Water Resources Development and Management
M.D. Devaroroo and B.A. Chivate 261

SESSION VI: WATER QUALITY, WASTE WATER TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
CONVEYANCE AND WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
39. Optimization of Water Distribution Network by Darwin Designer in WaterGEMS
Anup Dudhekar and R.M. Damgir 269
40. Augmentation of Rural Pipe Water Supply Scheme: A Case Study
Nishant S. Mane and A.R. Kambekar 276

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41. Monitoring and Evaluation of Regional Rural Pipe Water Supply Scheme
Prajakta V. Mukadam and Dr. A.R. Kambekar 285
42. Assessment of Water Quality of River Brahmaputra in Guwahati City of Assam
Tandon Abhilash Borthakur, Digvijay Kumar and Dr. Anupam Singhal 293
43. Drinking Water Security Assesment in Mukhada Taluka: A Case Study
Amol T. Pawar and A.R. Kambekar 300
44. Comparision of Phytoremediation Efficiency of Water hyacinth and Typha Plant
using CETP Water
J.G. Koliyar and S.K. Sharma 308
45. Feasibility Study and Optimization of Piped Water Supply System of Pacchapur,
Bhiwandi, Thane, Maharashtra
K. Sharma and P.G. Gaikwad 315
46. Drought Investigation through Rainfall Analysis for Different Stations of Solapur
District (Maharashtra)
A.D. Bhagat, P.G. Popale, D.T. Meshram and S.D. Gorantiwar 320
47. Data Specific Pier Scour Predictors
Sahir Azmi and Mohammad Zakwan 326
48. Electroseismic for Georesources Exploration
Sunjay and Manas Banerjee 330
49. Multipurpose Water Resource Planning and Management using Nile Basin DSS in
the upper Blue Basin, Ethiopia
Habtam A. Mekonen, Melese M. Wondim, Addisu G. Dagnew and Mikiyas G. Etichie 331
AUTHOR INDEX 332

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 Unsteady Flow Analysis of Lower Dudhana
River using HEC-RAS
Rahul Agrawal1 and D.G. Regulwar2

Abstract—The present study focus on calculation of surface water elevations on downstream side of upper catchment of
Dudhana River for different amount of discharges, and also includes determination of flooding area at different amount
of the discharge for different time series from dam. Hence, stimulate the critical situation of flood and its impact on
Dudhana River basin on downstream side. USACE Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS
4.1.0) model of given study area was prepared. Study reach consists of 21 cross sections. Hydraulics model, HEC-RAS is
employed to evaluate flood conveyance performance and also non-uniform flow computation is carried out. The
calibrated performance has been used to simulate the level of water in river at different cross-sections. The stimulated
study concluded that Manning’s value of 0.030 gives best results for Dudhana River.
Keywords: Dudhana River, HEC-RAS, Non-uniform Flow

INTRODUCTION
A necessary task of flood management is determination of an effective reservoir operation strategy that
minimizes downstream flooding in River. In developing country such as India, lack of financial
resources and proper infrastructure are major obstacles in improving the efficiency of irrigation systems
through physical development. In the past, considerable efforts have been made to improve the
performance of the irrigation systems through tertiary level water management. The hydraulic
simulation models offer a viable alternative in improving the canal operation and management by
understanding the flow behavior in a canal network under a variety of design and operating conditions.
Metha [1]; Mohammed [2] studied the steady flow working of HEC-RAS to forecast the discharge
profiles and head-discharge relationships for river basin. Qasim [3] noticed that HEC-RAS had general
tendency to overestimate water levels during high flows and under estimate during low flows. Islam [4]
describes a hydraulic simulation model developed for steady and unsteady flow simulation in irrigation
canal network (branched or looped) equipped with different flow control or regulating structures and
results of model testing for numerical accuracy and stability.
Karamouz [5] developed to determine economical combination of permanent and emergency flood
control options and optimal crop pattern along a river based on the assigned flood control options by
the model. Flood occurrence in a watershed leads to significant damages in different land uses which
are partially due to miss-utilizing the river rights of flood plains. Advantage of working with the
hydrologic routing method is its abilities to be easily linked with the optimization model. Another
purpose of using river hydraulic simulation model is to develop the discharge-elevation and the
elevation-damage curves of each reach to include in the optimization model for estimation the flood
damage. Flood damages under different flood return periods are estimated based on the flood volume,
flood plain zoning, flood plain land use and economic costs of damaged areas per square meter.
Costabile [6] contributed to debate on numerical flood propagation in compound channels. The
management of the boundary conditions, focusing attention on Eigen values of the system and effects of
lateral momentum transfer in 1D flood routing was discussed in paper. The lateral momentum transfer
is much important as the difference between the values of Manning’s coefficient in the main channel

1
P.G. Student, Government College of Engineering Aurangabad, (M.S.), India
2
Associate Professor, Government College of Engineering Aurangabad, (M.S.), India
E-mail: 1rahulpagrawal05@gmail.com, 2regulwar@gmail.com
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 Unsteady Flow Analysis of Lower Dudhana River using HEC-RAS

and floodplains increase as the difference in flow velocities across the section increases. Talreja [7];
Parhi [8] studied the sensitive parameter in development of hydraulic model for flood forecasting and
flood plain mapping. For Flood Forecasting and flood plain mapping, various hydrodynamic models,
based on hydraulic routing, have been developed and applied to different rivers in the past using
computer technology and numerical techniques. Agrawal [10] carried out steady flow analysis over
Dudhana River and remedies based on steady water analysis for study area was recommended. Hameed
[9] studied flow model for Hilla River using HEC-RAS for prediction of appropriate Manning’s
coefficient values.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System
(HEC-RAS 4.1.0) model can perform three types of calculations: (1) steady flow, (2) unsteady flow, and
(3) movable boundary flow. The steady flow component uses the standard step method for the solution
of steady gradually varied flow. The unsteady flow component uses a numerical solution of the
complete equations of gradually varied unsteady flow, commonly referred to as the dynamic wave. The
movable boundary component uses the sediment continuity and one of several sediment transport
equations to calculate river bed aggradations and/or degradation.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of Study is to carryout unsteady flow analysis on the Dudhana River and to calculate the
water head difference on downstream side of dam at different discharges. The study focuses to check
the water levels at various sections at different amount of the discharge from dam. Hence, stimulate the
critical situation of flood and its impact on Dudhana River basin on downstream side.

STUDY AREA
The Dudhana river basin, a part of the upper Godavari basin under hydro-meteorological subzones 3e,
lies between 19.6022 N’ to 19.4766 N latitudes and 76.3118 E to 76.5101 E longitudes and is located in
the Marathawada region of Maharashtra. DEM of Study area is prepared and shown in figure 1, using
Q-GIS software.

Fig. 1: Study Area of Dudhana River

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MODEL DESCRIPTION
HEC-RAS 4.1.0 is open source soft-tool available on US Army Crop website. Software is capable of
performing the steady gradually varied flow on river and channel geometry. In the present study, steady
gradually flow stimulation model has been used to perform one dimensional hydraulic calculation for
full network of natural river bed. Figure 2 shows the methodology of model performance. Figure 3
represent the default conveyance subdivision of section in HEC-RAS. The Left bank and Right bank
elevation are required for steady flow analysis using roughness coefficient.
In the present study, unsteady, gradually varied flow simulation model, which is dependent on
finite difference solutions of the Saint-Venant equations, has been used to simulate the flood in the
Mahanadi River. Here HEC-RAS has been used to perform one dimensional hydraulic calculation for
full network of natural and constructed channels [8].
߲‫߲ܳ ܣ‬ ߲ܳ ߲ (ܳଶ Τ‫)ܣ‬ ߲‫ܪ‬
+ = 0; & + + ݃‫ܣ‬ + ݃‫ܣ‬൫ܵ௢ െ ܵ௙ ൯ = 0;
߲‫ݐ‬ ߲‫ݔ‬ ߲‫ݐ‬ ߲‫ݔ‬ ߲ܵ
(A = cross-sectional area normal to the flow; Q = discharge; g = acceleration due to gravity;
H = elevation of the water surface above a specified datum, also called stage; So = bed slope; Sf =
energy slope; t = temporal co-ordinate and x = longitudinal coordinate.)

Fig. 2: Flow Chart of Steady Flow HEC-RAS Modeling

GEOMETRIC AND HYDROLOGIC DATA

The river geometry, boundary conditions and basin resistance are required for conducting flow
simulation through HEC-RAS 4.1.0. Water Resources Department has provided the geometric data of
the reach for present study as contour map in Auto CAD (.dwg file) format. The cross-section data at

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 Unsteady Flow Analysis of Lower Dudhana River using HEC-RAS

50 meter intervals exceeding over a length of 1100m has been provided. Data includes the station and
elevation coordinates, reach length, channel width at the sections, manning’s coefficient and
contraction/expansion coefficient. The flood hydrograph has been used for validation of the model.

SIMULATION OF FLOW FOR DIFFERENT VALUE OF DISCHARGE

Figure 3 shows the Water surface elevation graph for first and last section of river after running HEC-
RAS Model. Figure 4 shows the Velocity of Main channel for first and last section of river after running
HEC-RAS Model.

Fig. 3: W.S. Elevation Plot of Dudhana Model Fig. 4: Velocity Channel Plot of Dudhana Model

Figure 5 shows the Flow Area of Main channel for first and last section of river after running HEC-
RAS Model. Figure 6 shows the Top width of Main channel for first and last section of river after
running HEC-RAS Model.

Fig. 5: Flow Area Plot of Dudhana Model Fig. 6: Top Width Plot of Dudhana Model

HEC-RAS Model was ruined successfully for steady and unsteady flow analysis for Dudhana River.
Figure 10 shows the XYZ Perspective View of HEC-RAS Model for 2000 cumsec discharge condition in
3D representation. The Cross Section 1.2Km for Dam should be properly embanked and raised to
above 412.0m height so that the flood of water wouldn’t get into village. The section has to make
properly embankment of right side of Dam so that proper flow of discharge of water spilled for gates
of dam.

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Fig. 7: General Velocity Profile Plot of Dudhana Model

Fig. 8: General Velocities Profile Plot of Dudhana Model for Flow Area Channel

Fig. 9: Hydraulic Properties Plot of Dudhana Model for Different Parameters

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 Unsteady Flow Analysis of Lower Dudhana River using HEC-RAS

Fig. 10: XYZ Perspective Plot of Dudhana Model

CONCLUSION
On the basis of river cross sections, hydrologic data of river, one-dimensional mathematical model
(HEC-RAS) was carried out to estimate the flood level in the river for given discharge. Steady and Un-
steady flow was successfully run for Dudhana River and 3D view of perceptive plot for single discharges
for given study areas are shown in figure. The performance of calibrated model has been verified for
previous discharges from dam in last year records. Furthermore, model can be geo-referenced with
Google earth and flooding can be highlighted on Google map.

REFERENCES
[1] Mehta D.J., Ramani M. and Joshi M. (2014) “Application of 1-D HEC-RAS Model in Design of Channels”, International
Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE), Vol. 1 (7), 2014, pp. 103-107
[2] Mohammed J.R. and Qasim J.M. (2012) “Comparison of One-Dimensional HEC-RAS with Two-Dimensional ADH for Flow
over Trapezoidal Profile Weirs”, Caspian Journal of Applied Sciences Research, (IASR), Vol. 1(6), 2012, pp. 1-12
[3] Qasim J.M. (2013), “Laboratory and HEC-RAS simulations of a Single-step Weir”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, Vol.8 (12), 2013, pp.1005-1011
[4] Islam A., Raghuwansi N.S. and Singh R. (2008) “Development and Application of Hydraulic Simulation Model for
Irrigation Canal Network”, Journal of Irrigation Drainage Engineering ASCE, Vol. 134 (1), 2008, pp. 49-59
[5] Karamouz Md., Ozeair A., and Ahmadi A. (2013) “Development of Optimization Schemes for Floodplain Management; A
Case Study” Journal of Water Resources Management SPRINGER, Vol. 23, 2013, pp.1743-1761
[6] Costabile P. and Macchione F. (2012) “Analysis of One-Dimensional Modelling for Flood Routing in Compound
Channels”, Journal of Water Resource Management SPRINGER Vol. 26, 2012, pp. 1065–1087
[7] Parhi P.K., Sankhua R.N. and Roy G.P (2012), “Calibration of Channel Roughness for Mahanadi River, (India) Using HEC-
RAS Model”, Journal of Water Resource and Protection (JWARP), Vol. 4, 2012, pp. 847-850
[8] Talreja J., Yadav S.M. and Waikhom S. (2013) “Estimating the Sediment Transport Capacity Using HEC-RAS”, International
Global Research Analyses (GRA), Vol. 2 (4), 2013, pp. 94-99
[9] Agrawal R.P. and Regulwar D.G. (2016) “Flood Analysis Of Dhudhana River In Upper Godavari Basin Using HEC-RAS”,
International Journal of Engineering Research (IJER), Vol.5 (1), 2016, pp. 188-191
[10] Hameed L.K. and Ali S.T. (2013) “Estimating of Manning’s Roughness Coefficient for Hilla River through Calibration Using
HEC-RAS Model”, Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering (JJCE), Vol. 7 (1), 2013, pp. 44-53

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