30/5/2020 Liquid rocket engine of small thrust

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Liquid rocket engine of small thrust

F02K9/48 - driven by a gas turbine fed by propellant combustion gases

(57) Abstract:

Liquid rocket engine of small thrust comprises a combustion chamber of the mixing head and igniting device, a nozzle, a tract of
external regenerative cooling and cavity inlet of the cooling component. The cavity for supplying the cooling component is formed
in the housing of the injector head and a pipe connected to the inlet manifold component in the cooling path. The collector supply
component in the cooling path is located on the supercritical part of the nozzle. The surface forming the cavity for supplying the
cooling component with energizers course, made in the form of transverse rectangular edges. The invention allows to achieve
reliable operation of the liquid rocket engine of small thrust, working on nesamovsasyvayuschimi propellant at extremely low mass

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flows of the fuel components with the ability to increase the specific impulse of the engine by providing the possibility of its work on
a more effective value of the mass ratio of the fuel components. 1 C.p. f-crystals, 2 Il.

The invention relates to the field of rocket engines used in rocket technology, zostavovanie, to save weight, to the value of specific
impulse, since the launch of both the payload and the weight of the structure block is associated with high economic costs. It can
be rocket engine of small thrust (GNMT) with extremely small mass flow rates nesamovsasyvayuschimi fuel components that need
to repeatedly run in space. The invention can be used in aeronautical engineering and in industrial engineering.

A device LRE given in the book "the Design and design of liquid propellant rocket engines", edited by gg of Kahuna. M:
Engineering. 1989, S. 104, Fig. 66 containing the camera path external cooling, with the collector supply of the cooling component.
Shown in Fig. b, C, d, e Fig. 66 various modifications tract external cooling aim to provide more effective cooling area of the critical
section and to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the cooling path.

The disadvantage of this device is that for the same camera, with the same operation mode when all the devices of the cooling
path is maintained constant heating Kladusa the NTA value of the heating of the cooler can be more than 300oThat is dangerous
for reliable operation and durability flammable devices and, in particular, electric candles, if not provided additional cooling. Thus,
these devices tracts external cooling are of limited use for JGMT.

A device GNMT with thrust 4200 N., adopted as a prototype (see I. Timnath "Rocket engines on chemical fuel", M.: Mir, 1990, S.
262, Fig. 168) containing the camera path external cooling, through which hydrogen gas flows, and a mixing head with flammable
device. The inlet manifold tract external cooling is located on the cylindrical part of the chamber from the mixing head. After flow
along the path of the external cooling of the heated hydrogen from the reservoir, located on the supercritical part of the nozzle, is
directed as in the mixing head (main flow), and on cooling the supersonic part of the nozzle and nozzle radiative cooling.

This camera device GNMT has, firstly, a drawback consisting in that in the mixing head is fed into the heated component, the
temperature of which at low mass flow rate of the cooling component of the article is a component in path is external cooling by
mixing heads causes in the area of the critical section cooling component enters significantly heated, which significantly reduces
the temperature pressure and can lead to a dangerous increase in the temperature of the fire wall. This is especially true with the
thrust of the engine is equal to 20-30 H and cooled camera with gaseous oxygen. In this case, even when the engine is operating
at a mass ratio of componentsm=1.4 to 1.5 and the chamber pressure pto=0.1 MPa, the temperature of the cooling component in
the area of the critical section may be more than 300oC, and the temperature of the fire wall of a copper alloy over 800oWith that it
is unacceptable for reliable operation GNMT. In addition, the situation is aggravated when applying for neimovernaya pair of
components of the fuel igniter with an electric candle whose function is broken at a temperature of approximately 400oC. However,
in this case, the igniter with an electric candle is the most economical launcher GNMT compared to, for example, with chemical
ignition.

Thus, the present invention is the provision of reliable operation JGMT on nesamovsasyvayuschimi propellant with primeness and
mass flow of the gaseous component, used as a cooler in the path of the outer cooling chamber, and a simultaneous increase in
the specific impulse of the engine by providing it works with more efficient - increased the value of Km.

The invention consists in the fact that GNMT containing the combustion chamber of the mixing head and igniting device, the nozzle
and the path of the external regenerative cooling, has the cavity for supplying the cooling component located in the housing of the
mixing head and is connected by a pipe with the inlet manifold component in the cooling tract, located on the supercritical part of
the nozzle, and the surface forming the cavity for supplying the cooling component with energizers currents that can be performed,
for example, in the form of transverse rectangular ribs.

The technical result of the use of such camera devices GNMT working on nesamovsasyvayuschimi components of fuel at
extremely low mass cost components having the igniter with an electric candle is to achieve reliable operation of the engine,
repeatedly included in the conditions of outer space, while the effective value of Km.

The technical result is achieved by introducing new elements and their implementation. These include cavity for supplying gaseous
component - oxidant that acts as a heat exchanger between the heated surface of the mixing head and the cooler. Component-
cooler through the inlet pipe is initially directed into the cavity supply located in the housing of the mixing head, proceeding on
which it is heated, removing a significant portion of heat from the elements of the mixing head and the igniter and providing
temperature, valid for electric candles.

Intensification of heat transfer and thus reduce the temperature of the igniter and candles, contributes an introduction to forming
the cavity surfaces of the coolant turbulizer course, made for example in the form of transverse rectangular edges. When the
optimal choice of the geometric dimensions turbulizer heat transfer coefficient between the surface of the head and the cooler is
increased by 2 times or more (see E. K. Kalinin, G. A., dreicer, S. A. yarkho "Intensification of heat exchange in channels", M.:
Mashinostroenie, 1981).

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Cooler - gaseous could, connecting the inlet cavity with an inlet manifold tract external cooling, located on the supercritical part of
the nozzle. Settlement analysis and experience testing indicates that with extremely small mass flow rate of the cooling component
comprising 3-9 g/sec, it is much better to submit component in the cooling path from the supercritical part of the nozzle. In this
case, the component moves initially in the area of the small heat flow characteristic of the supercritical part, and comes in the most
tallapragada the chamber area - the area of the critical section is heated much less than when applying the component to the
cooling channel from the mixing head - start cylindrical part of the chamber. In the latter case, the cooling component is
immediately in the zone of large heat fluxes and enters the area of the critical section is heated to 300oWith, whereas when the
cooling component from the supercritical part of the nozzle heat in this zone does not exceed 100oC.

The experience of development of camera GNMT with a thrust in vacuum of about 25 H and the flow rate of oxygen gas through
the cooling tract, comprising about 5 g/sec, with a cavity feed cooling component having the cross is found, in this case, a valid and
reliable operation of the camera when Kmincreased by 0,2-0,25 compared to a camera that does not have the cavity of the coolant.
This makes it possible to work on TOm=1.0 to 1.3, which is typical for such GGMT, to increase the specific impulse of 100-150 m/s.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings.

In Fig.1 shows a General view of the camera device GNMT.

In Fig. 2 depicts a cross-section of the cavity of the coolant with a transverse rectangular energizers currents on the surfaces of the
cavity.

The camera device GNMT includes the camera body (1) tract with external cooling (2); the mixing head (3), in which case (4) is the
cavity inlet gas cooler (5) with artificial energizers flow (6) at its forming surfaces (7). On the mixing head (3) includes an electric
candle (8) igniter (9) and has the inlet pipe of the second fuel component (10). To the cavity for supplying the cooling component
(5) attached to the supply line of the gaseous component (11) and conduit (12) connecting the cavity of the feed gaseous
component (5) with an input manifold (13) tract NR the camera GNMT as follows. The gaseous component is supplied via the inlet
pipe (11) into the cavity of the filing of the cooling component (5), in which it artificially turbulizers transverse ribs (6), located on the
forming cavity surfaces (7). Leaking cavity to the inlet of the cooling component (5), the gaseous component of the refrigerant
removes heat from the design of the mixing head, thereby providing allowable temperature for operation of the electric candles (8).
From a cavity inlet (5) the refrigerant flows into the inlet manifold (13) tract external cooling (2) through line (12) connecting the inlet
cavity (5) with an input manifold (13). After passing through the cooling path of the camera (2) gaseous component, the heated
heat flux from combustion products to the firing surface of the chamber, is fed into the mixing head (3); it is mixed with another
component flowing into the mixing head (3) via the inlet pipe (10), and is burned in the chamber, dripping through the nozzle,
creating thrust.

Thus, the set of new features that are absent in the known technical solutions, allows to achieve reliable operation GNMT working
on nesamovsasyvayuschimi components specific impulse GNMT.

1. Liquid rocket engine of small thrust, containing a combustion chamber of the mixing head and igniting device, the nozzle and the
path of the external regenerative cooling cavity for supplying a cooling component, characterized in that the cavity for supplying the
cooling component is formed in the housing of the injector head and a pipe connected to the inlet manifold component in the
cooling tract, located on the supercritical part of the nozzle, and the surface forming the cavity for supplying the cooling component
with energizers flow.

2. Liquid rocket engine of small thrust under item 1, characterized in that the energizers flow executed in the form of transverse
rectangular edges.

Same patents:

The oxygen-liquid hydrogen rocket engine // 2183759

Liquid propellant rocket engine // 2182984

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Liquid propellant rocket engine // 2179650

Liquid propellant rocket engine // 2176744

Liquid propellant rocket engine // 2173399

Liquid propellant rocket engine // 2168049

The invention relates to jet propulsion units, and more particularly to a liquid-propellant rocket engine with
afterburning gas generator with placement of the turbopump units (TNA) on the side of the combustion
chambers

The method of operation of a liquid rocket engine turbopump feed oxygen-methane fuel // 2166661

The invention relates to rocket technology

Turbine mainly for liquid-propellant rocket engine // 2159346

The invention relates to the field of power engineering and can be used in turbines for liquid rocket engines

Liquid propellant rocket engine with afterburning of turbogas // 2158839

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30/5/2020 Liquid rocket engine of small thrust

The invention relates to rocket technology, in particular to liquid propellant rocket engines, in which the
producer gas, which is the working fluid of the turbine, dorogaya in the combustion chamber of the engine

Liquid propellant rocket engine // 2156721

The invention relates to rocket-cosmic

Turbo-pump supply system for liquid-propellant rocket engine // 2246023

FIELD: liquid-propellant rocket engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed system includes lines of different propellant components, gas lines and gas
generator. Mounted in front of main turbo-pump unit with multi-stage propellant component pump and drive
gas turbine is booster turbo-pump unit with propellant component pump and drive single-stage hydraulic
turbine fed from "n" stage of main pump. Working passage of hydraulic turbine is located in connecting line
between outlet of "n" stage and inlet of "(n+1)" stage of main pump.

EFFECT: simplified construction; reduced mass of liquid propellant.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Liquid-propellant rocket engine operating on fuel containing helium additive // 2273754

FIELD: rocketry, in particular, liquid-propellant rocket engines using helium as a cooler of the engine chamber
body.

SUBSTANCE: the liquid-propellant rocket engine has an engine chamber consisting of a combustion chamber
and a nozzle, having regenerative-cooling ducts, turbopump assembly including centrifugal pumps of oxidizer,
fuel and helium, neutral gas generator fed from the pumps of oxidizer and fuel, and the outlet of the helium pump is coupled to
the regenerative cooling passage of the combustion chamber, whose outlet is coupled to the mentioned gas generator, the outlet
of the gas generator is coupled to the turbine of the turbopump assembly, whose outlet is coupled to the oxidizer supply line to
the combustion chamber mixing head. Besides, cooling of the chamber nozzle is effected by fuel, which, having passed through
the regenerative cooling ducts, is supplied to the mixing head. The combustion chamber of the engine chamber and the gas
generator operate at a stoichiometric relation of the fuel components. Introduction of the helium additive to the combustion
products of the main fuel components to the neutral gas generator and further to the engine combustion chamber makes it
possible to enhance the engine specific thrust pulse approximately by 20S, and, with regard to denial of screen cooling,
approximately to 30S and more.

EFFECT: enhanced engine specific thrust pulse.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Liquid-propellant rocket engine // 2279563

FIELD: rocket and space engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed liquid-propellant rocket engine has chamber. Bypass main line with flow rate
regulator passing part of fuel into chamber by-passing cooling duct is installed in parallel to line of fuel delivery
for cooling.

EFFECT: increased service life of engine chamber owing to reduction of thermal stresses in inner wall.

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1 dwg

Low-thrust cryogenic propulsion module // 2282744

FIELD: classic and return launch vehicles.

SUBSTANCE: proposed low-thrust cryogenic propulsion module contains main cryogenic engine 10, two
auxiliary engine 21, 22 to control position in space, cryogenic ergol supply tanks 31, 32, 33, 34, device for periodically building
pressure in tanks 31, 32, 33, 34 and device to generate explosive pulses of main cryogenic engine at pulse mode during period
of pressure building in tanks 31, 32, 33, 34. Device to periodically build pressure in tanks 31, 32, 33, 34 has heat exchange
system connected with heat accumulator 61, 62 and device 71,72 to excite circulation of preliminary set amount of ergol in heat
exchange system. Module contains additionally device for heating heat accumulator 61, 62 in period between two sequential
explosive pulses.

EFFECT: improved mass-and-dimension characteristics of module, reduced time taken for execution of task.

17 cl, 14 dwg

Method of and device for creating thrust of liquid-propellant rocket engine // 2290525

FIELD: rocketry.

SUBSTANCE: according to proposed method of creating thrust of liquid-propellant rocket engine with
circulation of heat carrier based on taking of propellant components from tanks, increasing their pressure by
pumps driven by turbine and introducing them into gas generator and combustion chamber, combustion of components in gas
generator and chamber and creating thrust with ejection of combustion products through nozzle, when introducing component of
propellant and products of their gasification into combustion chamber, tangential speed component is imparted to them and part
of combustion products is replaced by heat carrier and in process of recirculation it is successively expanded at higher pressure
of diverting part of nozzle, cooled, condensed in head exchanger-condenser, pressure is raised by pump and it is then delivered
to near-critical part of nozzle to repeat the cycle. Liquid-propellant rocket engine with closed circuit of heat carrier contains
chamber with mixing head and regenerative cooling duct, turbopump set with oxidizer and propellant pumps whose output main
lines are connected with said mixing head of chamber and gas generator, and said closed circuit of heat carrier is formed with
successively interconnected circulating pump, unit to introduce heat carrier to near-critical area of nozzle, heat exchanger-
condenser, means to supply condensed component to input of circulating pump. According to invention, closed circuit is
provided with section of diverting part of nozzle on which ring ribs made of heat-resistant material are secured over
circumference.

EFFECT: reduced cost of launching of useful load into orbit.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Liquid propellant rocket power plant // 2295052

FIELD: liquid propellant rocket power plants with turbopump units.

SUBSTANCE: the liquid propellant rocket power plant having liquid-hydrogen and liquid-oxygen tanks with
booster pumps and main turbopump units uses also an electrochemical generator with an oxygen inlet and
outlet and a hydrogen inlet and outlet, oxygen ejector, hydrogen ejector and two electric motors, one of which
is connected to the shaft of the oxygen booster pump, and the other-to the shaft of the hydrogen booster
pump, the oxygen inlet of the electrochemical generator is connected through a pipe to the gas cushion of
tank with liquid oxygen, and the outlet-to the inlet of oxygen ejector, whose outlet is connected to the gaseous oxygen supply
pipe to the reaction chamber: the hydrogen inlet of the electrochemical generator is connected through a pipe to the gas,
cushion of the tank with liquid hydrogen, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen ejector, whose outlet is
connected to the gaseous hydrogen supply line to the reaction chamber.

EFFECT: provided reliable multiple starting of the liquid propellant rocket power plant.

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1 dwg

Booster turbo-pump aggregate with the axial pump // 2299343

FIELD: rocket engineering; production of the booster turbo-pump aggregates with an axial pumps used in
them.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of rocket engineering, in particular, to production of the
booster turbo-pump aggregates with the axial pumps used in the liquid rocket engines (LRE). The booster turbo-pump
aggregate consists of the body (1), in which there is the pump (3) axial wheel fixed on the shaft (2) and the wheel of the
hydraulic turbine (4). The wheel of the hydraulic turbine (4) is connected to the axial wheel of the pump (3) by soldering along its
outer diameter. The shaft (2) rests on the fixed bearing (5) and on the movable bearing (6). The axial stops (7) and (8) of the
body (1) eliminate the possibility of the axial motion of the fixed bearing (5) with respect to the body (1), and consequently, the
motion of the shaft (2). The movable bearing (6) may have the shift in the axial direction concerning the body (1) because of the
difference of the axial power and thermal deformations of the body (1) and the shaft (2). From the side of the axial intake in the
body there is the axial stop (9). Between the axial stop of the body (1) and the movable bearing (6) the axial spring (10) is
installed. The support ring (11) is mounted between the axial spring (10) and the movable bearing (6). The axial spring (10) is
made in the form of the resilient conical ring. The invention ensures the increased service life of the fixed bearing (5) and the
service life of the whole aggregate.

EFFECT: the invention ensures the increased service life of the fixed bearing (5) and the service life of the whole aggregate.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Device for separation of the pump and the turbine of the booster turbo-pump aggregate of the
liquid propellant rocket engine // 2299344

FIELD: rocket engineering; production of the devices for the liquid propellant rocket engines.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of rocket engineering and may be used in the liquid
propellant rocket engines (LPRE). The device for separation of the pump and the turbine of the booster turbo-pump aggregate of
the LPRE consists of the pump (2), the turbine (3), the separating cavity (1) located between the pump (2) and the turbine (3)
and the external intake tract (4). The separating cavity (1) is limited from the side of the pump (2) by the shaft gasket (5), which
diameter is made smaller than the diameter of the shaft (10) in the area of the seat of the bearing of the turbine (11), and from
the side of the turbine (3) - by the unloading disk (6) aligned with the turbine impeller (7). On the turbine impeller (7) there is the
gasket of the unloading disk (8). The axial impeller of the pump (9) and the turbine impeller (7) are fixed on the shaft (10). From
the direction of the turbine (3) the shaft (10) rests on the turbine bearing (11), which is brought out beyond the bounds of the
separating cavity (1) and is installed from the direction of the pump (2). The cavity of the turbine bearing (12) which is adjoining
the shaft gasket (5) is connected by the delivery channels (13) with the pump outlet (14). The offered device ensures the
minimum losses of the power used for separation of the pump and the turbine, and also the effective refrigeration of the
bearings by the liquid monophase hydrogen.

EFFECT: the invention ensures the minimum losses of the power used for separation of the pump and the turbine, the effective
refrigeration of the bearings by the liquid monophase hydrogen.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Liquid-propellant rocket engine and the method of its starting // 2299345

FIELD: rocket engineering; production of the liquid propellant rocket engines.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of rocket engineering, in particular, to production of the
liquid propellant rocket engines powered by the cryogenic oxidant and the hydrocarbon propellant. The liquid
propellant rocket engine contains the combustion chamber with the tract of the regenerative cooling, the turbo-pumping
aggregate with the turbine having the inlet and outlet trunks, and the pumps of the oxidant and the propellant, for which the
outlet of the propellant p[ump is connected through the propellant valve to the combustion chamber, and the outlet of the oxidant
pump through the oxidant valve is connected to the gas generator. At that the turbo-pump aggregate contains the additional

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propellant pump, which inlet is connected to the outlet of the propellant pump, and the outlet is connected to the gas generator
through the high pressure pipeline, in which there is the high-pressure valve and the consumption regulator. In the trunk of the
turbine there is the thrust regulator, to which the on-board trunk and the starting trunk with the return valve and the connector
are connected. The method of the liquid propellant rocket engine starting provides for the spinning-up of the turbo-pump
aggregate and opening of valves of the oxidant, the propellant, the propellant in the high-pressure trunk, run-up of the turbine
conduct a compressed air from a land bulb, and the turbine spinning-up is exercised by the compressed air from the ground
pressure vessel and the turbine drive at operation is exercised from the on-board vessel. The invention ensures simplification of
the pneumatic-hydraulic circuit, the increased reliability, the increase of the power and the specific characteristics of the liquid
propellant rocket engine, the decreased mass of the engines, the improved engine starting and cutoff and provision of the
engine cleansing from the leavings of the propellant after the engine cutoff.

EFFECT: the invention ensures simplification of the liquid propellant rocket engine pneumatic-hydraulic circuit, the increased its
reliability, power and specific characteristics, the decreased mass of the engine, the improved the engine starting, cutoff and
cleansing from the leavings of the propellant after its cutoff.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Turbopump set of rocket engine // 2299346

FIELD: rocketry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to liquid-propellant rocket engines operating on cryogenic oxidizer and on
hydrocarbon fuel. Proposed turbopump set of rocket engine contains the following parts of rotor of turbopump
set mounted on shaft: oxidizer pump impeller, fuel pump impeller and turbine wheel arranged in housing of
turbopump set and additional fuel pump with shaft and impeller of additional fuel pump. Design peculiarity of
turbopump set is that magnetic clutch is installed between rotor of turbopump set and rotor of additional fuel pump. Driving disk
of magnetic clutch is installed on shaft of turbopump set, and driven disk is mounted on shaft of additional fuel pump. Partition
made on nonmagnetic material is found between driving and driven disks of magnetic clutch. Said partition is aligned with
housing of additional fuel pump. Partition, driving and driven disks can be made spherical and/or provided with ribbing.

EFFECT: increased reliability of turbopump set.

5 cl, 3 dwg

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