Drug study in rommel cruz hospital

Drug indication action contraindication stock Side effect Nursing

consideration
1. Acetazolamide Acetazolamide is Acetazolamide Acetazolamide Glaucoma paresthesias, particularly a “tingling” • Asses
therapy is feeling in the extremities, hearing
used to decrease reduces PO: ADULTS, ELDERLY: 250 mg 1-4 dysfunction or tinnitus, loss of s pupil
contraindicated in
intraocular formation of situations in which times a day. Extended-release: 500 mg appetite, taste alteration and for
pressure in the hyrdrogren and sodium and/or 2 time a day. CHILDREN: 8-30 gastrointestinal disturbances such as dialtio
potassium blood nausea, vomiting
treatment of bicarbonate ions mg/kg/day in divided doses every 8 n and
serum levels are and diarrhea; polyuria, and occasional
glaucoma. It is by inhibiting the hours. instances of drowsiness and confusion. respon
depressed, in cases of
also used as a enzyme marked kidney andli se to
diuretic. carbonic ver disease or IV: ADULTS, ELDERLY: 250-500 light.
Acetazolamide can anhydrase. It dysfunction, mg; may repeat in 2-4 hours, then • Obtai
be used as an increases in suprarenal n
continue with oral therapy.
gland failure, and in
andjunct in the excretion of CHILDREN: 5-10 mg/kg every 6 histor
hyperchloremic
treatment of sodium, acidosis. It is hours. Maximum: 1g per day. y of
refractory seizure potassium, contraindicated in seizur
disorders and can bicarbonate, and patients with e
Epilepsy
cirrhosis because of
also prevent water in PO: ADULTS, ELDERLY, disord
the risk of
altitude sickness. kidneys. It development CHILDREN: 375-1,000 mg per day in er.
decreases of hepatic up to 4 divided doses. • Monit
Acetazolamide is formation of encephalopathy. or for
sometimes used to aqueous humor acidos
Long-term Edema
treat for toxicity of in the eye and administration of is.
PO: ADULTS: 250-375 mg per day.
wekly acidic retards acetazolamide is • May
CHILDREN: 5 mg/kg/dose once daily.
medications and to abnormal contraindicated in increa
patients with chronic
rpevent uric acid charge from the ses
noncongestive angle-
or renal calculi by CNS neurons. closure glaucoma digoxi
alkanizing the n
urine. levels.
 •
2. Amikacin Short-term Inhibits A history of Give by IM inj; or IV infusion over 30– Give by IM inj; or IV infusion over Trough and
treatment of production of hypersensitivity to 60 mins. 15mg/kg per day in 2–3 30–60 mins. 15mg/kg per day in 2–3 peak levels (if
serious susceptible bacterial amikacin is divided doses (7.5mg/kg every 12 hours divided doses (7.5mg/kg every 12 requested) - 1
infections, protein, causing a contraindication for or 5mg/kg every 8 hours); max hours or 5mg/kg every 8 hours); max hour after the
including bacterial cell its use. 15mg/kg/day. Heavier wt. patients: max 15mg/kg/day. Heavier wt. patients: infusion
septicemia, death. 1.5g/day. Usual duration: 7–10 days. max 1.5g/day. Usual duration: 7–10 commences, 30
respiratory tract, Uncomplicated UTIs: 250mg twice days. Uncomplicated UTIs: 250mg minutes after
bones and joints, daily. Renal impairment: adjust dose twice daily. Renal impairment: adjust the infusin
CNS (eg, based on serum levels dose based on serum levels or reduce ceases.
meningitis), skin frequency;
and skin structure, Observe site
intra-abdominal for
(eg, peritonitis), extravasation
burns and during
postoperative administration.
infections,
complicated and
recurrent UTIs or
uncomplicated
UTIs not
susceptible to
other antibiotics.
3. Aminophylline for the treatment Causes Hypersensitivity to Administration: Oral Adverse reactions associated with Administer to
of acute bronchodilatatio theophylline, theophylline are generally mild when
exacerbations of n, diuresis, CNS ethylenediamine, or Should be administered around-the- peak serum theophylline pregnant
the symptoms and and cardiac any component of clock rather than 4 times/day, 3 concentrations are < 20 mcg/mL and patients only
reversible airflow stimulation, and the formulation mainly consist of transient caffeine- when clearly
obstruction gastric acid times/day, etc (ie, 12-6-12-6, not 9-1-5- like adverse effects such as nausea,
associated with secretion vomiting, headache, and insomnia. needed—
9) to promote less variation in peak and
asthma and other When peak serum theophylline neonatal
chronic lung trough serum levels. concentrations exceed 20 mcg/mL,
tachycardia,
diseases, e.g., however, theophylline produces a wide
emphysema and Dilute with I.V. fluid to a concentration range of adverse reactions including jitteriness, and
chronic bronchitis. of 1 mg/mL and infuse over 20-30 persistent vomiting, cardiac withdrawal
minutes; maximum concentration: 25 arrhythmias, and intractable seizures
apnea observed
mg/mL; maximum rate of infusion: 0.36 which can be lethal
mg/kg/minute, and no greater than 25 when mothers
 mg/minute. I.M. administration is not received
recommended. Should be administered
around-the-clock rather than 4 xanthines up
times/day, 3 times/day until delivery.

4. Amphotericin increased cell 0.15 cc +

Treatment of membrane Hypersensitivity,Sev 1.35 cc D5W CNS: headache,fever, -Monitor
severe, possibly permeability in OD chills, peripheral nerve
ere bone weight
fatal fungal susceptible pain, paresthesias,peripheral
organisms by weekly; if
infections marrow depression neuropathy,seizures, dizziness
binding sterols weight
in EENT: tinnitus,deafness,diplopia, increases
fungal
2lb/wk,
membrane; blurred vision
decreases edema is
potassium, GI: nausea, vomiting, present; renal
sodium anorexia, diarrhea, damage should
and nutrients in cramps, hemorrhagic be considered.
the cell
gastroenteritis, acute liver
-Monitor for
failure
renal
GU:hypokalemia,
toxicity;
axotemia, hyposthenuria,
increasing
renal tubular acidosis,
BUN
nephrocalcinosis,
and serum
permanent renal
creatinine
impairment, anuria,
oliguria

Blood: normochromic and

normocytic anemia,
thrombocytopenia,
agranulocytosis,
5. Ampicillin Intra Destroys Hypersensi ADULTS : lethargy, -Instruct pt. to
abdominal, bacteria tivity to hallucinations,
AND immediatelyr
gynecologic, and by penicillins, anxiety,
skin- inhibiting cephalosp CHILDRE confusion, or t signs and
 structure bacterial orins, NWEIGHIN agitation, symptoms of
infections cell-wall imipenem, depression,
G 40 KG. hypersensitivit
caused synthesis oe other fatigue,
by during beta- (88lbs.) dizziness, y reaction, such
susceptibl microbial lactamase or more. seizure as rash,fever,
e beta- multiplica inhibitors 1.5 to 3 EENT:blured or chills.
lactamase- tion. vision, itchy eyes
g. (1 g -Tell pt. to
producing GI: nausea,
strains. ampicillin vomiting, report signs
and 0.5 g diarrhea, and
sulbacta abdominal pain, symptoms of
gastritis,
m to 2 g infection or
stomatitis
ampicillin GU: hematuria, other problems
and 1 g hyaline casts in at
sulbacta urine, vaginitis, injection site
nephropathy,
m)
instertitial
nephritis
RESPIRATORY:w
heezing,
dyspnea,
hypoxia, apnea
6. Ampicillin+cloxaci Used to treat inhibits the Hypersensitivity to I.V. infusion: Note: After reconstitution Side effects of Cloxacillin may include -monitor the
llin infections caused third&last stage cloxacillin, other of powder with appropriate volume of upset stomach, diarrhea, nausea, vital signs
by penicillinase- of cell wall penicillins, sterile water for injection, vomiting, anxiety, colitis, confusion,.
producing synthesis.
staphylococci,
7. Carbenicillin For the treatment It is used to Geocillin is Tablets containing 382 mg carbenicillin allergic reactions like skin rash, -check if the
of acute and treat certain ordinarily (for oral use) itching or hives, swelling of the patient is
chronic infections kinds contraindicated in face, lips, or tongue,breathing experiencing
of the upper and of bacterial patients who have a problems,discolored diarrhea
lower urinary tract infections. known penicillin tongue,Fever,pain or difficulty -tell your
and in allergy. passing urine,redness, blistering, patient not to
asymptomatic peeling or loosening of the skin, take birth
bacteriuria due to including inside the control pills
susceptible strains mouth,Seizures,stomach
of bacteria. cramps,unusual
bleeding, bruising,unusually weak
or tired
8. Cefamandole indicated for the Used to treat Contraindicated in The usual dosage range for cefamandole Gastrointestinal Symptoms -check if the
infection. is 500 mg to 1 g every 4 to 8 hours. patient has an
treatment of patients with of pseudomembranous colitis may allergy to
serious infections known allergy to the appear either during or antibiotics.
caused by cephalosporin group after antibiotic treatment. Nausea and
-monitor the
susceptible strains of antibiotics. vomiting have been reported rarely. As
vital signs
of microorganisms with some penicillins and some other
in the disease cephalosporins, transienthepatitis and
cholestatic jaundice have been
reported rarely.

Hypersensitivity Anaphylaxis,
maculopapular rash, urticaria, eosinop
hilia, and drug fever have been
reported. These reactions are more
likely to occur in patients with a
history of allergy, particularly
to penicillin.

9. Cefazolin used to treat many fighting Contraindicated in In pediatric patients, a total daily dosage • diarrhea that is watery or -check if the
kinds of bacterial bacteria in your of 25 to 50 mg per kg (approximately 10 bloody; patient has an
infections, body. patients with to 20 mg per pound) of body weight, allergy to
• skin rash, bruising, severe
including severe or known allergy to the divided into three or four equal doses, is tingling, numbness, pain, antibiotics
life-threatening cephalosporin group effective for most mild to moderately muscle weakness;
forms. severe infections. • fever, chills, body aches, flu -monitor the
of antibiotics.
symptoms; vital signs
• easy bruising or bleeding,
unusual weakness;
• fever, sore throat, and
headache with a severe
blistering, peeling, and red
skin rash; or
• seizure (black-out or
convulsions)
10. Cefoperasone Hypersensitivity to Adult: As sodium: 2-4 g daily in 2 Skin rash, urticaria; eosinophilia, -check if the
cephalosporin divided doses, increased to 12 g daily in diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting patient has an
2-4 divided doses for severe infections allergy to
given as deep IM or IV infusion. antibiotics

-monitor the
vital signs

11. Cefotaxime Treatment of To treat Hypersensitivity to 1 g 12 hrly. Severe infection (eg Skin rashes -check if the
severe infections infections cephalosphorin. meningitis) Up to 8 g once daily in 4 patient has an
(eg sepsis, divided doses. Max Dose: 12 g once allergy to
antibiotics
meningitis) due to daily in 3-4 divided doses. Childn 100-
susceptible 150 mg/kg/day in 2-4 divided doses, -monitor the
bacteria; penicillin increased up to 200 mg/kg/day for very vital signs
resistant N. severe infections
gonorrheaeinfecti
on.

12. Cefotixin Treatment of bone To treat Hypersensitivity to Mild or noncomplicated infection 1 g fever and dyspnea. -monitor the
& joint infections, infection in the cephalosporins, IV 6-8 hrly. Moderately serious to vital signs
pelvic infections, bones, pelvic, penicillin, penicillin serious infection 1 g IV 4 hrly or 2 g IV
skin tissue. -monitor
bacterial pneumon derivatives & 6-8 hrly. Severe infection 12 g
patient’s
ia, bacterial sepsis, penicillamine. daily. Perioperativeprophylaxis Caesa breathing
skin & soft tissue rean patients 2 g IV as soon as the
infections & UTI. umbilical cord is pinched, followed by 2
g 4-8 hrly. Other surgical patients 2 g
every ½ an hr or 1 hr pre-op & 2 g 6
hrly post-op until 24 hr.

13. Ceftazimide Treatment of To treat Hypersensitivity to Adult 1-6 g/day in divided doses 8-12 Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain & -monitor the
severe infection eg infections cephalosphorins hrly. Cystic fibrosis & pseudomonal metallic taste. vital signs
lower resp tract, lung infection 90-150 mg/kg/day in 3
skin & soft tissue -monitor for
divided doses, normal renal
 infections, UTI, function up to 9 g/day; >1 g single dose signs and
bacterial septicemi should be given IV. Doses are given IM, symptoms of
a, bone & joint, slow IV inj over 3-5 min, IV infusion infection
CNS infections
over up to 30 min.

14. Cephalotin Used to treat Used to treat Hypersensitivity to Adult: 0.5-1 g every 4-6 hr by slow IV Nausea; vomiting; diarrhoea; -monitor for
infections infections cephalosphorins. Inj over 3-5 minutes or by intermittent hypersensitivity reactions. signs and
or continuous infusion. In severe symptoms of
infection
infections, up to 12 g daily.
-monitor the
v/s