Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Products
Flotation Frother
Products for the
Mining Industry
www.huntsman.com/performance_products
Contents
JEFFOX, POLYFROTH, POLYSIL, POLYMAX, TERIC, UNIFROTH, UNIMAX, UNIFLOT, UNIBIND and UNIDRI are registered trademarks of
Huntsman LLC or an affiliate thereof in one or more, but not all, countries.
RESPONSIBLE CARE is a trademark of the American Chemistry Council.
TEFLON is a trademark of Dupont.
SKIMAIR is a trademark of Outokumpu Oyj
3
Huntsman Mission
We are dedicated to giving our customers the finest quality and service available.
Customers are valued partners who permit us to remain in business; we are
privileged to serve their needs.
About Huntsman
Originally known for pioneering innovations in packaging and, later, for rapid and
integrated growth in petrochemicals, Huntsman has approximately 12,000
employees and operates from multiple locations worldwide. The Company had
2012 revenues of over $11 billion. For more information about Huntsman, please
visit the company's website at www.huntsman.com.
Huntsman’s mining reagents are used throughout the world and finding wider use in the global mineral
processing industry as the industry seeks to achieve improved metallurgical performance, cost efficiency and
an improved environmental and safety impact from the reagents they use. With manufacturing sites and
technical teams located around the world, Huntsman Performance Products combines global reach with
regional and sector specific support. We utilize our synthesis and application expertise to create sustainable
differentiated solutions for our customer’s specific needs that add value and competitive advantage.
4
Flotation Frothers
Frother reagents are principally added to a flotation pulp to:
• Improve dispersion of air throughout the pulp by the formation and stabilisation of fine
air bubbles and,
• Form a mineralised froth at the top of the flotation cell, producing a froth phase.
POLYFROTH®
They range from the POLYFROTH® 50 series of frothers which are recognised as H27 FROTHER
strong frothers, to the POLYFROTH® 30 series which are intermediate strength Copper Gold
frothers, to the POLYFROTH® 20 series which are low to moderate strength
frothers, through to the POLYFROTH® 10 frother series which is the weakest and
most selective of the range.
This unique range of frothing properties and selectivity is what gives the different
Huntsman POLYFROTH® frothers their application and performance benefits in all
POLYFROTH®
mineral sectors of the mining industry, including base metal sulphides, precious
W55 FROTHER
metals (gold, silver, PGEs), industrial minerals, coal and various other non-
Nickel Ore
sulphides.
5
The Huntsman Frother Selection Guide found on page 8 has further details on the POLYFROTH® frother range.
Principal product characteristics are described below:
Soluble W31
W22
Dispersible
H27
Hydrophobic
H20
H23 H29 H57
Weaker
H17 H30
H14 H15 H28
Dry
This unique range of frothing properties and selectivity is what gives the
different Huntsman POLYFROTH® frothers their application and performance
benefits in a wide range of flotation situations.
As a group the POLYFROTH® frothers offer high metallurgical grades with low water
carry-over into the concentrate. The POLYFROTH® frothers are typically easily
dispersible in water and have low volatility that gives very good froth efficiency. They
have a low level of toxicity and odour, lower VOC (Volatile Organic Carbon) emissions
and most are non-flammable. The greater froth persistence, together with higher
water solubility of selected frothers in the POLYFROTH® frother product series, can
offer the option of a simpler single point addition. Client experience has shown dose
rates that are typically less than those for other alcohol- and glycol ether-based
frother blends.
Frother Strength
The POLYFROTH® frother series offers a range of frother strength properties, which can be applied to a range
of flotation stability applications.
These properties are typical and do not constitute a specification. For product specification details please obtain a current
copy of the product data sheet from our sales office.
8
Common Applications
Sulfide Metals Other
Common Frother
Performance Benefits
Industrial
Alternatives
Copper
Nickel
Gold -
Pyrite
Lead-
Coal
Zinc
Iron
Robust frother suitable for operations where strong Alternative to polyglycol and polyglycol
froths are required to assist flotation of coarse and ether type frothers of higher molecular
middlings fractions and where rapid kinetics initially weight. Typically requires reduced
are desirable. Efficient frother useful for overcoming dosage compared to alkoxy frother
froth resistance and stability problems. blends.
Suitable for operations where strong froths are An alternative to TEB based frothers,
required, and where froth persistence and stability is matching their metallurgical
more important than rapid kinetics. Recommended performance and offering potential dose
for recovery of coarse size fractions. Usually results savings. Stability is similar to stronger
in reduced dosage and better froth depth control. alcohol/polyglycol ether blends.
Offers comparable stability and strength
The combination of high froth strength and rapid
to higher strength TEB based and
flotation kinetics offers improved recovery of coarse
alcohol/glycol ether/polyglycol blends,
size fraction particles in rougher-scavenger cells.
with potential for reduced dosage.
Suitable for applications requiring intermediate froth An alternative to the TEB based
stability and good froth depth control. Demonstrates frothers, and to mid-strength alcohol
a fine balance between stability and selectivity. based frothers containing small
Suited to both fine and intermediate coarse particles quantities of glycol ethers or
size distributions. polypropylene glycols.
Suitable for a wide range of flotation applications
An alternative to mid-strength,
where a balance of selectivity and strength is
intermediate molecular weight glycol
required, with moderate persistence and good froth
ether/propylene glycol based frothers.
control enabled.
Suitable for flotation applications where both Alternative to mid-strength glycol
selectivity and froth strength is required. Offers good ether/propylene glycol based frothers
depth control and applicable to coarse sizes. and stronger alcohol based frothers.
Selective in base metal flotation, providing improved
Alternative to low-mid molecular weight
flotation kinetics and intermediate froth strengths.
alcohol/ester/propylene glycol based
Often results in lower water recovery and improved
frother blends.
gangue rejection.
Suitable for flotation applications where initial rapid
kinetics or high froth concentrate carry-over are Alternative to lower molecular weight
desirable, whilst maintaining mineral selectivity. alcohol/ester/propylene glycol based
Offers moderate froth strength and persistence, and frother blends.
can help overcome frothing resistance.
Selective and broad flotation application frother,
providing enhanced froth stability compared to MIBC, Alternative to MIBC and low molecular
typically at reduced dosage. Designed to have a high weight alcohol based frothers and
flash point (>70 °C) with low volatility and odour, blends.
ensuring that it is not classified as dangerous goods.
Suitable for flotation applications requiring selectivity, Alternative to MIBC and low molecular
whilst providing high flash point characteristic. weight alcohol based frothers and
Demonstrates fast kinetics. blends.
Specifically designed to match frother performance
Alternative to MIBC and low molecular
of MIBC, with potential to operate at reduced
weight alcohol based frothers.
dosage. Suitable with new cell technologies.
Selective in base and precious metal flotation, Alternative to MIBC and low molecular
providing good flotation circuit control and stability. weight alcohol based frothers.
Selective in base and precious metal flotation, Alternative to MIBC and low molecular
providing good flotation circuit control. weight alcohol based frothers.
10
Huntsman Performance Products offers the following functional frother products to the mining industry. These
products may be effective in their own right, but typically find use as components of frother blends:
Frother Strength
These functional frothers offer a range of strength properties, which can be applied in frother blends to
enhance frother performance and boost froth stability.
PPG500 frother
TERIC®402 frother
UNIFROTH®200 frother
Relative froth strength based on a two-phase froth measurement in aqueous solutions under similar conditions.
Physical Properties
These properties do not constitute a specification. For product specification details please obtain a current
copy of the product data sheet from our sales office.
11
These studies have shown that only a small loss in carbon activity due to frother adsorption occurs, that can be
readily recovered by normal carbon regeneration techniques. Thermal regeneration of fouled carbon samples
returns carbon activity to greater than 100% (Study 2), indicating that appropriate selection of regeneration
conditions can completely remove any absorbed frother and return the carbon to full activity. The conditions of
regeneration used during this test were ideal, and it is unlikely that plant regeneration will produce material
with this level of activity. However, optimisation of the plant regeneration conditions will maximise the
removal of organic foulants such as frothers.
Thermal gravimetric analysis work has shown that glycol based frothers, including products from the
°
POLYFROTH® frother range, are removed from carbon active sites at temperatures between 200 - 600 C. In
addition, there is no evidence of organic residues remaining on the carbon surface after regeneration nor any
evidence to indicate a cumulative fouling effect due to successive exposure/regeneration cycles. The
conclusion is that any resultant loss in carbon activity due to frother adsorption can be readily recovered by
normal carbon regeneration techniques.
Competition for carbon active sites by frother can be reduced by careful selection of the correct frother. An
efficient frother that performs at lower dose rates and reports to the flotation concentrate will minimise
frother contact with the carbon and thus reduce the effects of carbon fouling.
12
POLYFROTH® H20, POLYFROTH® W22 and POLYFROTH® H27 frothers should only be stored in stainless steel
tanks (316 and 304 stainless steel) or epoxy lined mild steel containers. Unlined mild steel tanks and transfer
lines should be avoided.
Materials Compatibility
Wire reinforced polypropylene is the preferred material for hoses. Compressed asbestos fibre (CAF) is
satisfactory for pipework gaskets, and butyl elastomers and TEFLON® polymer (PTFE) are recommended for
seals and valve seats.
Copper and its alloys, including brass, may cause some discolouration of the products.
Product Integrity
Maximum effective storage life will be achieved by storing products in sealed containers indoors, away from
sunlight and heat sources. Because Huntsman Performance Products cannot control the storage and use
conditions of its products, it is not possible to prescribe absolute shelf life. However, as a guide it is
recommended that products in storage be checked against published sales specifications after 2 years.
Environmental Profile
All Huntsman frothers have a low level of volatility, toxicity and odour and are non-flammable. They are not
classified as dangerous goods for transport by road, rail, air or sea.
Biodegradability
Huntsman Performance Products has commissioned biodegradability tests on a range of surfactants from
which it is possible to infer the biodegradability of the POLYFROTH®, TERIC® and UNIFROTH® flotation reagents
(frothers) included in this brochure. From these studies and from Huntsman Performance Products operational
experience, it is estimated that Huntsman flotation frother products will not persist indefinitely in the
environment.
13
Asia Pacific
Huntsman Performance Products
150 Beach Road
#37-00 Gateway West
Singapore 189720
Telephone: +65 6297 3363
Facsimile: +65 6296 3368
Australia
Huntsman Performance Products
61 Market Road, Brooklyn,
Victoria, Australia, 3012
Telephone: +61 3 9933 6696
Facsimile: +61 3 9933 6656
Toll free (within Australia): 1300 301 529
E-mail: customer_service@huntsman.com
Malaysia
Huntsman Performance Products
Fifth floor, Wisma Avon
13A Jalan 219
46100 Petaling Jaya
Selangor Darul Ehsan
Telephone: +60 3 7962 0888
Facsimile: +60 3 7958 1677
Huntsman Corporation warrants only that its products meet the specification stated in its
contracts. Typical properties, where stated, are to be considered as representative of current
production and should not be treated as specifications. While all the information presented
in this document is believed to be reliable and to represent the best available data on these
products. HUNTSMAN MAKES NO WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY OR MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHT OF ANY THIRD PARTY, OR WARRANTIES AS TO QUALITY OR
CORRESPONDENCE WITH PRIOR DESCRIPTION OR SAMPLE, AND ANY USER OF PRODUCTS
DESCRIBED HEREIN SHOULD CONDUCT A SUFFICIENT INVESTIGATION TO ESTABLISH THE
SUITABILITY OF ANY PRODUCT FOR ITS INTENDED USE AND ASSUMES ALL RISK AND LIABILITY
WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM THE USE OF SUCH PRODUCT, WHETHER USED SINGLY OR IN
COMBINATION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES. Product(s) described in this publication may be
hazardous and/or toxic and require special precautions in handling. For all product(s)
described herein, the user should obtain from Huntsman detailed information on hazards
and/or toxicity, together with proper shipping, handling, and storage procedures, and should
comply with all applicable safety and environmental standards. The behavior, hazards and/or
toxicity of the product(s) referred to in this publication in manufacturing processes and their
suitability in any given end-use environment are dependent upon various conditions such as
chemical compatibility, temperature, and other variables, which may not be known to
Huntsman. It is the sole responsibility of the user of such product(s) to evaluate the
manufacturing circumstances of the final product(s) under actual end-use requirements and
to adequately advise and warn future purchasers and users thereof.