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Sample Test

Chapter_03_Data_Representation

1. Computer input devices convert external data into an internal representation that can be
carried to and manipulated by processing circuitry.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    64

2. Automated data processing combines physics and mathematics.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    64

3. Decimal and binary notations are alternative forms of Boolean logic.

  a. True

  b. False
  

ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    65

4. In numbering systems other than the decimal numbering system, the term radix point is used
for the period or comma.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    66

5. The number of digits needed to represent a value decreases as the numbering system’s base
decreases.
   a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    67

6. Generally, a byte is the largest unit of data that can be read from or written to a storage device.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    69
 

7. The representation format for each data type balances compactness, range, accuracy, ease of
manipulation, and standardization.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    72

8. Twos complement notation is simple to understand for most people.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    77

9. With any fixed-width data storage format, it’s possible that the result of a computation will be
too large to fit in the format.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    77

10. To avoid overflow and increase accuracy, some computers and programming languages
define additional numeric data types called long-precision data formats.

  a. True
   b. False

ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    78

11. Double-precision integers are sometimes called large integers.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    78

 
 12. You can increase a fixed radix point format’s numeric range by allocating more bits to the
whole portion.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    79

13. In the binary32 format, the leading sign bit applies to the exponent, not the mantissa.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    80

14. The number of bits in a floating-point string and the formats of the mantissa and exponent
impose limits on the range of values that can be represented.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    81

15. Monetary amounts should be stored and manipulated as binary floating-point numbers.

  a. True

  b. False

 
 ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    82

16. Scientific and floating-point notation is far more complex than integer data formats.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    82

17. Computers are designed to process character data and can therefore represent characters
directly.

  a. True
   b. False

ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    83

18. ASCII is a 7-bit format because most computers and peripheral devices transmit data in bytes
and because parity checking was used widely in the 1960s to 1980s for detecting transmission
errors.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    84

 
 19. In ASCII, NAK is sent to acknowledge correct receipt of data, and ERR is sent to indicate that
an error has been detected.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    85

20. Unicode is widely supported in modern software, including most OSs and word-processing
applications.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    88

21. Before Unicode, devices designed for character I/O used ASCII by default and vendor-specific
methods or older ISO standards to process character sets other than Latin-1.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    88

22. Intel microprocessors have been used in PCs since 1961.

  a. True

  b. False

 
 ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    89

23. The complexity of data structures is limited only by the software.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    92

24. Whether implemented in system or application software, almost all data structures make
extensive use of pointers and addresses.

  a. True
   b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    93

25. Using contiguous storage locations, especially in secondary storage devices, simplifies the
allocation of storage locations.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    94

 
 26. More storage locations are required for a linked list than for an array with equivalent content
because both data and pointers must be stored.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    95

27. Linked lists are easier to expand or shrink than arrays are.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    96

28. Each element of a doubly linked list has two pointers: one pointing to the next element in the
list and one pointing to the top element in the list.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    False

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    96

29. In a sequential file, records are stored in contiguous storage locations.

  a. True

  b. False

 
 ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    97

30. The advantage of using an index lies in the efficiency of record insertion, deletion, and
retrieval.

  a. True

  b. False

ANSWER:    True

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    99

31. In a ____, each digit can have only one of two possible values: 0 or 1.

  a. decimal number
   b. hexadecimal number

  c. binary number

  d. unary number

ANSWER:    c

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    65

32. Binary numbers are well suited to computer processing because they correspond directly with
values in ____ logic.

  a. Newton

  b. Boolean

  c. Turing

  d. standard

 
 ANSWER:    b

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    65

33. In the decimal or binary notations, the symbol used to represent a digit and the digit’s position
in a string determines its ____.

  a. sign

  b. placement

  c. base

  d. value

ANSWER:    d

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    65

 
 34. The multiplier that describes the difference between one position and the next is the ____ of
the numbering system.

  a. Base

  b. Mantissa

  c. power

  d. exponent

ANSWER:    a

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    66

35. In the decimal numbering system, the period or comma is called a ____.

  a. place holder

  b. division point

  c. marker point
   d. decimal point

ANSWER:    d

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    66

36. The leftmost digit in a bit string is called the ____.

  a. least significant digit

  b. most significant digit

  c. least valuable digit

  d. most valuable digit

ANSWER:    b

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    69

37. The rightmost digit in a bit string is the ____.

  a. least significant digit

  b. most significant digit

  c. least valuable digit

  d. most valuable digit

ANSWER:    a

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    69

38. Large numeric values expressed in octal notation are one-third the length of corresponding
____ notation.

  a. decimal
   b. ternary

  c. binary

  d. hexadecimal

ANSWER:    c

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    72

39. Hexadecimal numbering uses ____ as its base or radix.

  a. 2

  b. 8

  c. 10

  d. 16

 
 ANSWER:    d

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    70

40. The term “____” describes the number of bits used to represent a numeric value.

  a. compactness

  b. completeness

  c. value

  d. efficiency

ANSWER:    a

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    72

 
 41. The accuracy, or precision, of data format representation increases with ____.

  a. the size of the data word

  b. the sign of the data format

  c. the number of data bits used

  d. the position of the radix

ANSWER:    c

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    71

42. When discussing computer processing, ____ refers to executing processor instructions, such
as addition, subtraction, and equality comparisons, and “ease” refers to machine efficiency.

  a. abstraction

  b. manipulation

  c. interpolation
   d. inference

ANSWER:    b

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    73

43. A(n) ____ is a whole number—a value that doesn’t have a fractional part.

  a. real number

  b. imaginary number

  c. floating point number

  d. integer

ANSWER:    d

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    74

44. Most CPUs provide a(n) ____ data type, which stores positive integer values as ordinary
binary numbers.

  a. signed integer

  b. signed real

  c. unsigned integer

  d. unsigned real

ANSWER:    c

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    74

45. ____ notation always uses a fixed number of bits, with the leftmost bit representing the sign.

  a. Ones complement
   b. Excess

  c. Twos complement

  d. Packed

ANSWER:    b

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    75

46. In ____ notation, nonnegative integer values are represented as ordinary binary values.

  a. twos complement

  b. ones complement

  c. excess

  d. packed

 
 ANSWER:    a

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    76

47. ____ occurs when the absolute value of a computational result contains too many bits to fit
into a fixed-width data format.

  a. Underflow

  b. Rounding

  c. Approximation

  d. Overflow

ANSWER:    d

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    77

 
 48. A ____ data format combines two adjacent fixed-length data items to hold a single value.

  a. single-precision

  b. standard-precision

  c. scientific

  d. double-precision

ANSWER:    d

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    78

49. A(n) ____ can contain both whole and fractional components.

  a. integer

  b. imaginary number

  c. real number
   d. binary number

ANSWER:    c

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    78

50. The fractional portion of a real number is represented by digits to the right of the ____.

  a. radix point

  b. mantissa

  c. exponent

  d. base

ANSWER:    a

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    78

51. Real numbers are represented in computers by using ____.

  a. integer notation

  b. floating-point notation

  c. packed values notation

  d. complementary notation

ANSWER:    b

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    80

52. ____ occurs when the absolute value of a negative exponent is too large to fit in the bits
allocated to store it.

  a. Rounding
   b. Rotation

  c. Overflow

  d. Underflow

ANSWER:    d

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    81

53. Numbers such as 1/3 are stored in floating-point format by ____.

  a. approximation

  b. truncation

  c. packing

  d. rounding

 
 ANSWER:    b

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    81

54. In their written form, English and many other languages use alphabetic letters, numerals,
punctuation marks, and a variety of other special-purpose symbols known as ____.

  a. characters

  b. bytes

  c. strings

  d. integers

ANSWER:    a

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    83

 
 55. ____ is a character-coding method developed by IBM in the 1960s and used in all IBM
mainframes well into the 2000s.

  a. ANSI

  b. UNICODE

  c. EBCDIC

  d. ASCII

ANSWER:    c

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    83

56. The assignment of numeric codes to characters follows a specific order called a(n) ____.

  a. alignment sequence

  b. collating sequence

  c. alphabet sequence
   d. byte sequence

ANSWER:    b

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    86

57. The upper 128 entries in Latin-1 are sometimes called ____.

  a. multibyte characters

  b. international characters

  c. Western characters

  d. multinational characters

ANSWER:    d

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    87

58. The ____ data type has only two data values—true and false.

  a. Boolean

  b. integer

  c. floating point

  d. character

ANSWER:    a

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    88

59. The data types a CPU supports are sometimes called ____ data types.

  a. user
   b. complex

  c. primitive

  d. limited

ANSWER:    c

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    91

60. A(n) ____ is a related group of primitive data elements organized for some type of common
processing and is defined and manipulated in software.

  a. primitive

  b. object

  c. pointer

  d. data structure

 
 ANSWER:    d

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    91

61. A(n) ____ is a data element containing the address of another data element.

  a. pointer

  b. data structure

  c. object

  d. list

ANSWER:    a

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    93

 
 62. A(n) ____ is a set of related data values.

  a. pointer

  b. list

  c. array

  d. record

ANSWER:    b

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    93

63. A(n) ____ is an ordered list in which each element can be referenced by an index to its
position.

  a. list

  b. matrix

  c. vector
   d. array

ANSWER:    d

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    93

64. The address of an array element can be calculated with the starting address of the array and
the element’s ____.

  a. base

  b. index

  c. size

  d. name

ANSWER:    b

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    94

65. A(n) ____ is a data structure that uses pointers so that list elements can be scattered among
nonsequential storage locations.

  a. array

  b. queue

  c. linked list

  d. stack

ANSWER:    c

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    94

66. A sequence of records on secondary storage is called a ____.

  a. file
   b. record

  c. database

  d. sleeve

ANSWER:    a

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    98

67. A sequence of records stored in main memory is normally called a ____.

  a. table

  b. table

  c. Database

  d. Class

 
 ANSWER:    a

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    98

68. A(n) ____ is a data structure containing both traditional (static) data elements and programs
that manipulate the data.

  a. Array

  b. Stack

  c. object

  d. class

ANSWER:    d

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    99

 
 69. The programs in a class are called ____.

  a. properties

  b. attributes

  c. methods

  d. children

ANSWER:    c

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    99

70. A(n) ____ is one instance, or variable, of a class.

  a. structure

  b. object

  c. list
   d. implementation

ANSWER:    b

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    100

71. Computer systems represent data electrically and process it with ____________________

ANSWER:    electrical switches

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    64

72. The physical laws of electricity, optics, and quantum mechanics are described by
____________________.

ANSWER:    mathematical formulas

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    64

73. In computer terminology, each digit of a binary number is called a(n)

____________________.

ANSWER:    bit

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    69

74. A group of bits that describe a single data value is called a(n) ____________________.

ANSWER:    bit string

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    69

75. A string of eight bits is called a(n) ____________________.

ANSWER:    byte
 POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    69

76. Compilers and interpreters for high-level programming languages, such as C and Java,
convert decimal numbers into ____________________ numbers automatically when generating
CPU instructions and data values.

ANSWER:    binary

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    70

77. The primary advantage of hexadecimal notation, compared with binary notation, is its
____________________.

ANSWER:    compactness

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    71

 
 78. ____________________ numbers often designate memory addresses.

ANSWER:    Hexadecimal

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    71

79. ____________________ notation uses the base-8 numbering system and has a range of
digits from 0 to 7.

ANSWER:    Octal

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    72

80. A processor’s efficiency depends on its ____________________.

ANSWER:    complexity

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    73
 

81. An unsigned integer’s value is always assumed to be ____________________.

ANSWER:    positive

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    74

82. A(n) ____________________ integer uses one bit to represent whether the value is positive
or negative.

ANSWER:    signed

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    74

83. With unsigned integers, the lowest value that can be represented is always
____________________.

0
ANSWER:   
zero

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    75

84. To represent a specific integer value in excess notation, you must know how many
____________________ are to be used.

ANSWER:    storage bits

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    75

85. One way of dealing with the tradeoff between range and precision is to abandon the concept
of a fixed ____________________ point.

ANSWER:    radix

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    79

86. Recall that scientific notation, including floating-point notation, trades numeric range for
____________________.

ANSWER:    accuracy
 POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    81

87. A sequence of characters that forms a meaningful word, phrase, or other useful group is a(n)
____________________.

ANSWER:    string

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    83

88. The standard ASCII version used for data transfer is sometimes called
____________________.

ANSWER:    ASCII-7

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    84

 
 89. Like ASCII, ____________________ is a coding table that assigns nonnegative integers to
represent printable characters.

ANSWER:    Unicode

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    87

90. In CPUs using a(n) ____________________ memory model, using twos complement or
unsigned binary as the coding format for memory addresses is logical and typical.

ANSWER:    flat

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    89

91. A segmented memory model has primary storage is divided into equal-sized (for example, 64
KB) segments called ____________________.

ANSWER:    pages

POINTS:    1
 REFERENCES:    89

92. A(n) ____________________ is the location of a data element in a storage device.

ANSWER:    address

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    93

93. A(n) ____________________ is a data structure composed of other data structures or

primitive data elements.

ANSWER:    record

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    98

94. A(n) ____________________ is an array of pointers to records.

ANSWER:    index
 POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    98

95. A(n) ____________________ combines related data items in much the same way a record
does, but it extends the record to include methods for manipulating data items.

ANSWER:    class

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    99

96. List the capabilities that any data and information processor, whether organic, mechanical,
electrical, or optical, must have.

Recognizing external data and converting it to an internal format

Storing and retrieving data internally

ANSWER:   

Transporting data between internal storage and processing components

Manipulating data to produce results or decisions

 POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    64

97. Why do computers represent data with binary numbers?

Computers represent data with binary numbers for two reasons:

Binary numbers represented as binary electrical signals can be transported reliably between
ANSWER:    computer systems and their components.

Binary numbers represented as electrical signals can be processed by two-state electrical dev
that are easy to design and fabricate.

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    65

98. Explain the procedure to convert a binary value to its decimal equivalent.

1. Determine each position weight by raising 2 to the number of positions left (+) or right (-) of the ra
point.
ANSWER:   
2. Multiply each digit by its position weight.

3. Sum all the values calculated in Step 2.

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    68
 

99. Discuss the limitations of ASCII.

ASCII’s designers couldn’t foresee the code’s long lifetime (almost 50 years) or the revolutions in I/O
technologies that would take place. They never envisioned modern I/O device characteristics, such a
color, bitmapped graphics, and selectable fonts. Unfortunately, ASCII doesn’t have the range to defin
enough control codes to account for all the formatting and display capabilities in modern I/O device

ASCII is also an English-based coding method. This isn’t surprising, given that when it was
defined, the United States accounted for most computer use and almost all computer product
ANSWER:    ASCII has a heavy bias toward Western languages in general and American English in partic
which became a major limitation as computer use and production proliferated worldwide.

Further complicating matters is that some printed languages aren’t based on characters in the
Western sense. Chinese, Japanese, and Korean written text consists of ideographs, which are
pictorial representations of words or concepts. Ideographs are composed of graphical elemen
sometimes called strokes, that number in the thousands. Other written languages, such as Ara
present similar, although less severe, coding problems.

POINTS:    1

REFERENCES:    87