DB Development life cycle

 Planning
o Basic ERD
o Functional decomposition Diagram
 Requirement Analysis
o Conceptual DM
 DFD (Structured)
 Description of Models and functions
 Use Case Diagram (OOA)
o EERD (Structured)
o All Business rules and constraints
 Design
- Logical
- Physical
 Implementation (coding)
 Testing
 Installation
 Maintenance

Approaches in Requirement Analysis

1. Data Driven Approach

On the basis of data required, we try to find out functions that may produce required
data.
2. Process Driven Approach
The processing requirements are gathered and then we find out what data is required,
(as input and output).

Design Phase
1. Logical Design
2. Physical Design
DBMS

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 1. Logical Design Phase
It is the phase in which we convert the conceptual data model into logical data model. It
is a data model that can be implemented in a DBMS.
For Example
- Hierarchal Data Model
- Network Data Model
- Relational Data Model
- Object Oriented Data Model
- Object Relational Data Model

 Hierarchal Data Model

 Entity classes are represented in a hierarchy.
 Pointer based
 Duplication is a problem in this model
 1 child can only have one parent and vice versa

Employ Employ

Project Skills

Equipment
DBMS

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  Network Data Model
 Any entity class can be associated with another entity class
 no hierarchy
 no parent child concept
 pointer based
Employ Equipment

Project Skills

 Relational Data Model

In this model we deal with the relations/tables (data is stored in tables).
- Relation
A relation in a two dimensional table, having a fixed number of named
columns and variable number of rows.

Columns

Name Reg. no Class GPA

Rows

- Properties of relations
 A relation cant have two columns with same name
 Sequence of column is not important
 Sequence of rows is not important (convention is convention is
Primary key wise)
DBMS

 Two relations with the same name cant exist in a data base

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  Every row should be unique in a relation (Primary key makes it
unique)
 One cell must have a single value
DBMS

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