INTRODUCTION VARIOUS ASPECTS OF COST REDUCTIONS

•OPTIMUM UTILISATION OF LAND

•FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF BUILDINGS
•OPTIMUM USE OF BUILDING MATERIAALS
•RATIONALIZATION OF SPECIFICATIONS
THE CONSTRUCTION SITE AT DWARKA SEC 23 . •PROPER SCHEDULING OF WORKS
THE PROJECT IS UNDER DDA OF BUILDING 2300 HOUSING . •NEW CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES
THE TOTAL COST HAS BEEN PEGGED AT RS 762.3 CRORES AND THE PROJECT IS
EXPECTED TO BE COMPLETED BY OCTOBER 2013. FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF MATERIALS
•SUSTAINABLE USE OF LOCAL MATERIAL
ALL HOUSING COMPLEXES WILL HAVE AMENITIES LIKE GROCERY SHOPS, •AVAILIBLITY OF SKILLED LABOUR
PARKS, COMMUNITY CENTRES, CHOWKIDAR HUT, PARKING SPACES •SCALE OF CONSTRUCTION
AND ANANGANWADI CENTRE IN EACH BLOCK. •COST VARIATION WITH ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS
•AVAILBLITY OF POWER
•DISASTER RESISTANT REQUIREMENTS
•ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
•TYPOLOGY BASED ON GEO CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

DESIGN CASE
STUDY

LOW COST
HOUSING
DWARKA SEC 23

SUN PATH

PREVAILING
WINDS

MONSOONAL
WINDS
SEMESTER: 7TH
BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

KEY PLAN
SHEET NO. 1
 SITE PLAN

SITE PLAN

DESIGN CASE
STUDY

. LOW COST
HOUSING
DWARKA SEC 23

ZONING
BUILT UP

•THE UNITS ARE ESSENTIALLY TWO-ROOM UNIT

SEMESTER: 7TH
LANDSCAPE
WITH SEPARATE W.C AND BATH CUBICLES AND KITCHEN
WITH A SIT-OUT BALCONY. BATCH: 2009-14
COMMUNITY HALL AND •TYPOLOGY OF BUILDING BLOCKS- WALKUP UNITS WITH
OTHER FACILITIES FIVE FLOORS. INSTITUTE: ASAP
•TOTAL BUILDING HEIGHT -LESS THAN 15 MTS.
•ONE STAIRCASE CATERING FOUR UNITS AT EACH LEVEL
1
WALKWAYS
, AND ACCESS TO ROOF IS THROUGH M.S. LADDER SHEET NO.
WATER SUPPLY

DESIGN CASE
STUDY

LOW COST
HOUSING
DWARKA SEC 23

TANKS PLACED AT THE TERRACE FROM WHICH WATER IS

SUPPLIED TO THE INDIVIFUAL UNITS THROUGH THE PVC
PIPES.

SEMESTER: 7TH
BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1
FIRE SERVICES

DESIGN CASE
STUDY

LOW COST
HOUSING
DWARKA SEC 23

THE HOSE REELS ARE CONNECTED TO THE

BOREWELLS. SEMESTER: 7TH
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS PRESENT AT THE BATCH: 2009-14
ENTRANCE OF THE BUILDINDS.
NO SPRINKLERS. INSTITUTE: ASAP
NO FIRE ALARMS
SHEET NO. 1
 DESIGN CASE
STUDY

LOW COST
HOUSING
DWARKA SEC 23

THERSE ARE NO DG’S PRESENT. SEMESTER: 7TH

ELECTRICITY CONNECTION IS THRIUGH THE MAINS.
BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1
 STURCTURE

PREFAB BEAMS AND COLUMNS HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS SECTIONAL ELEVATION

 RAFT FOUNDATION
SITE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
ASSEMBLY OF 3-S BEAMS

COLUMN BEAM JUNCTION PRECAST HOLLOW COLUMNS

DESIGN CASE
STUDY

LOW COST
HOUSING
DWARKA SEC 23

CONCRETE BLOCK WALL PRECAST SLAB

SEMESTER: 7TH
BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1
 SITE CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
PRECAST STAIRCASE FORMATION OF SLAB

ASSEMBLY OF PRECAST FRAME SECTION OF HOLLOW COLUMN

DESIGN CASE
STUDY

LOW COST
HOUSING
DWARKA SEC 23

ADVANTAGES:

•SELF-SUPPORTING READY-MADE COMPONENTS ARE USED, SO THE NEED FOR FORMWORK, SHUTTERING AND SCAFFOLDING IS GREATLY REDUCED.
•CONSTRUCTION TIME IS REDUCED AND BUILDINGS ARE COMPLETED SOONER, ALLOWING AN EARLIER RETURN OF THE CAPITAL INVESTED.
•ON-SITE CONSTRUCTION AND CONGESTION IS MINIMIZED. SEMESTER: 7TH
•QUALITY CONTROL CAN BE EASIER IN A FACTORY ASSEMBLY LINE SETTING THAN A CONSTRUCTION SITE SETTING.
•PREFABRICATION CAN BE LOCATED WHERE SKILLED LABOUR IS MORE READILY AVAILABLE AND COSTS OF LABOUR, POWER, MATERIALS, SPACE AND OVERHEADS ARE LOWER.
BATCH: 2009-14
•TIME SPENT IN BAD WEATHER OR HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS AT THE CONSTRUCTION SITE IS MINIMIZED.
•LESS WASTE MAY OCCUR
•ADVANCED MATERIALS SUCH AS SANDWICH-STRUCTURED COMPOSITE CAN BE EASILY USED, IMPROVING THERMAL AND SOUND INSULATION AND AIRTIGHTNESS INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1
RAM LOCHAN TILE
PROPOSED TECHNIQUES A FRAME
•THE RATIONALE BEHIND THE FORM OF THE
STRUCTURE IS THE TRIANGULATION OF A
CUBOID THAT UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTES LOAD.
•THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE RLT IS A THIN TILE THAT CAN BE • THIS RESULTS IN A TRUSSED FORMATION,
MADE WITH DIFFERENT TEXTURES, COLOURS, AND MATERIALS. WHICH UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTES LOAD, AS
•THE TILE IS MADE WITH A 1:2 MIX OF CEMENT AND MARBLE OR WELL AS EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL FORCES.
STONE CHIPS THAT IS CAST INTO A SIMPLE MOULD AND DE- •THE SKELETON OF THE STRUCTURE IS A STEEL
MOULDED AFTER ABOUT HALF AN HOUR. WELDED TRUSS MEMBER THAT IS CONNECTED
•AFTER 48 HOURS CURING THE TILE IS READY TO BE USED. WITH CUBOID NODES USED AS CONNECTORS.
• THE TILE FORMS THE OUTER IMPERMEABLE AND PERMANENT • THIS JOINT HAS BEEN
SURFACE OF A RLT. THE SIGNIFICANT INNOVATION THAT HAS
•THE COMPOSITION OF THE TILES BACKUP BLOCK CAN RANGE SIMPLIFIED THE CONSTRUCTION PROCESS.
FROM MUD, LEAN CONCRETE ETC., TO A MIXTURE OF FLYASH, SIMPLE JOINTS FACILITATE ALL
GYPSUM AND LIME. A COMBINATIONS.
SIMPLE MOULD •COMPONENTS CAN FURTHER BE PULLED OUT
•IS USED TO CAST THE BLOCK. THE WEDGE IN THE TILE ENSURES ATDIFFERENT JUNCTIONS AND LEVELS FOR
BONDING BETWEEN THE TILE CONSTRUCTION OF UPPER
AND THE BACKUP MATERIAL TO MAKE A PRE-FINISHED WALLING STOREYS AND TERRACES.
BLOCK.
THE RLT CAN BE USED ON SITE AFTER DEMOULDING AND 48
HOURS CURING
DESIGN CASE
STUDY

LOW COST
FUNICULAR ROOF PRE TENSION WALL HOUSING
•WALLS USING INTERLOCKING BLOCKS DWARKA SEC 23
•THE ENTIRE AREA TO BE ROOFED IS DIVIDED INTO A GRID
DEPENDING ON THE SIZE OF THE FUNICULAR SHELL REQUIRED OR ATTEMPT TO RESPECT THIS PRESENT
THE SIZE / SHAPE OF MOULDS AVAILABLE. DAY CONTRADICTION WITHIN RCC,
• THE EDGE BEAM / SUPPORTING BEAM IS HALF CAST. THE • BY USING CONTINUOUS HOLES FOR
REINFORCEMENT CAGE OF THE EDGE BEAM CAN EITHER BE PRE INSERTING HIGH TENSION BARS
WELDED OR MADE IN THE CONVENTIONAL MANNER. WHICH ARE PRE-STRESSED FROM THE
•THE RISE TO SPAN RATIO IS 1:6 THUS; THE ENDS, THROUGH THE SURROUNDING
OPTIMAL SPAN OF THE SHELL IS 3 M THOUGH IT CAN SPAN UP TO 15 FRAME,
M. •THUS LOCKING THE BLOCKS INTO
•THE MOULD IS SUPPORTED BETWEEN THE EDGE BEAMS. TIMBER POSITION
PLANKS ARE USED TO BRIDGE • THE CAVITIES ARE THEN FILLED WITH
THE GAP BETWEEN THE EDGE OF THE MOULD AND THE EDGE BEAM. FINE RIVER SAND.
• A THIN LAYER OF SAND IS PUT ON TOP OF THE MOULD WITH A •THUS THE TENSION IN THE WALLS
LAYER OF THE FINISHING MATERIALS- BRICK / STONE TILES / MUD THATMAYBE CAUSED BY A SEMESTER: 7TH
BLOCKS HORIZONTAL THRUST WILL
ETC. ALONG THE CURVATURE OF THE MOULD OR ACCORDING TO BE TAKEN BY THE STEEL AND THE BATCH: 2009-14
INDIVIDUAL CHOICE. COMPRESSION BY THE CONCRETE
•INTERESTING PATTERNS MAY BE CREATED BY ARTISTICALLY
MINGLING THE CHOSEN MATERIALS ALONG WITH WASTE BY- INSTITUTE: ASAP
PRODUCTS E.G.- EDGING OF MARBLE / GRANITE SLAB OR BROKEN

1
TILES ETC.
•CEMENT SLURRY IN THE RATIO 1:2 IS POURED OVER THE ASSEMBLY SHEET NO.
AND IS ALLOWED TO SETTLE.
 PROPOSED TECHNIQUES
GEODESIC DOMES
SWARAN SINGH BLOCK
•G DOMES ARE MADE OF SIMPLE SECTIONS OF
•TAKE A SIMPLE, MANUALLY OPERATED BLOCK MAKING MACHINE AS DOMES IN TRIANGULAR SHAPE
AVAILABLE WITH MOST OF THE BUILDING CENTRES •THE SECTIONS ARE MADE FOR MEMBERS AND
•TAKE A STIFF PVC SHEET OR RED MUD PLASTIC SHEET CUT TO THE SIZE FACING
OF THE BASE OF THE MOULD. •THESE SECTIONS ARE JOINED USING MILD STEEL
• COAT IT WITH USED MOBIL OIL TO PREVENT ADHESION AND PLATES
FACILITATE EASY DEMOULDING FROM THE SURFACE OF THE BLOCK. •THEN LINED WITH FACING
•STONE PIECES OF DIFFERENT COLORS AND ARRANGE THEM IN
PATTERNS AS MAY BE DESIRED FOR THE PURPOSE OF ARTICULATION
OF MATERIALS.
•PREPARE A 1: 3 MIX OF CEMENT AND SAND MORTAR. POUR THE
MORTAR EVENLY OVER THE STONE CHIPS
•THE VIBRATION HELPS INTEGRATION OF THE STONE
•PIECES WITH THE CEMENT MORTAR TO FORM AN IMPERMEABLE
DIAPHRAGM..
•PREPARE ANOTHER MIX OF MUD WITH 2% CEMENT OR 5% LIME OR
THE COMBINATION OF THE TWO. THIS MIX FORMS THE MAJOR
PORTION OF THE BODY OF THE BLOCK. .
•TAKE A JUTE PIECE LITTLE SMALLER THAN THE SIZE OF THE BASE AND
DIP IT IN CEMENT SLURRY. PLACE THE JUTE PIECE IN THE MOULD AND
FILL THE REST OF THE MOULD WITH THE SAME MIX TO ABOUT 2/3 RD
DESIGN CASE
OF THE MOULD AND ADD ANOTHER LAYER OF JUTE DIPPED IN CEMENT STUDY
SLURRY.
•NOW FILL THE MOULD TO THE TOP. LOCK THE LID AND USE THE
COMPRESSOR TO COMPRESS THE BLOCK LOW COST
•SURFACE OF THE WALL AND WILL REQUIRE A FLASH COAT LATER IF AT
VENE BOLCKS HOUSING
ALL, ONLY TO EVEN OUT THE SURFACE.
• REPEAT THE PROCESS OF COMPACTION. THE JUTE PIECES PLAY AN •IT COMPRISES OF A MOULD MADE OF TIMBER. THE MOULD IS USED TO MAKE THE ADOBE DWARKA SEC 23
IMPORTANT ROLE AS THEY BIND THE WHOLE MUD MIX WELL AND BLOCKS RIGHT WHERE THE WALL IS TO BE ERECTED, AND RELIES ON A SIMPLE NON-
ALSO ALLOW FOR EASY LIFTING OF THE LARGE MUD BLOCK MECHANISED PROCEDURE.
•THE MOULD IS PLACED WHERE REQUIRED AND THEN EARTH MIXTURE IS POURED IN AND
COMPACTED WITHIN THE MOULD.
•ONCE THE MOULD IS FILLED AND ALL THE EARTH WITHIN COMPACTED, THE MOULD IS LIFTED
OUT AND MOVED AHEAD TO MAKE THE NEXT BLOCK.
•THE SAME PROCESS IS REPEATED. THE MOULD ENSURES THAT THE BLOCKS ARE LAID PRECISELY
AND GIVES IT A CLEANER FINISH THAN THE ROUGH, HAND COMPACTED ADOBE WALLS.

SEMESTER: 7TH
BATCH: 2009-14

INSTITUTE: ASAP

SHEET NO. 1
 PROPOSED TECHNIQUES

DESIGN CASE
STUDY

LOW COST
HOUSING
DWARKA SEC 23

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
•REDUCE PLINTH AREA BY USING THINNER WALLS
•FREQUENT CHANGES IN DESIGN SHOULD BE AVOIDED
•BUILDING SHOULD BE IN REGULAR SHAPES SUCH AS SQURE, RECTANGLE
•BASEMENT SREA SHOULD BE MINIMUM
•RATIONALIZE EVERY COMPONENT OF HOUSE SO THAT CHAJJAS AND BALCONY SIZES ARE REDUCED
•PRE CAST LINTELS TO BE USED
•CEILING HEIGHT TO BE KEPT AS MINIMUM AS POSSIBLE SEMESTER: 7TH
•MINIMUM SUNKEN SLABS FOR TOILETS AND KITCHENS
•SINGLE STACK SYSTEM FOR PLUMBING TO BE USED BATCH: 2009-14
•PVC PIPES FOR WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE
•EVAPORATIVE ROOF COOLING SYSTEM TO BE DESIGNED
•USE OF PREFABRICATED STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
INSTITUTE: ASAP
•USE OF OTHER LOW COSST AND ALTERNATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS

SHEET NO. 1