r Calculation of the Resonant Frequency of a

ctangular Microstrip Antenna

ekeh Yazdandoost ,Dr, (Mrs) ID. C. Gharpure
Dept. of Electronic-Science ,University of Fune ,h n e 41 1007 ,INDIA

Abstract: A simple fo The resonant frequency of a rectangular microstrip

calculate the resonant freq antenna is given[1],[2],[4],[7]
microstrip antenna. Accu
results is compared w
experimental data.

INTRODUCTION
The Microstrip antenna is a printed metallic where f, is the resonant frequency, C is the
conductor on a surface of velocity of light, L is the length of patch, AI, is the
plane. The shape of mi extension length , & is the effective permittivity.
arbitrary, but rectangular The effective dielectric constant is
practice. The patch is
microwave substrate mate E,+ 1 Er- 1
constant in the range 2 to &=-+- (l+10h/w)-1~2
decades, the popularity 2 2
been increased. Because
aerodynamic profile, 1 where h is the thickness and W is the width
fabrication it found application in military as well patch.
as in commercial parts. The microstrip antenna The normalised equivalent extension length is,
find applications in Global positioning system,
Mobile satellites, Missiles, Aircrdt, Medical, and
Direct broadcast satellite. The
has a large number of applicati
narrow bandwidth (the bandwidth is Af=Q/fr),
hence the exact value of the resonant frequency is where Ct is the terminal capacitance and C1 is the
important. However, simple capacitance per unit length. For a dielectric
required for practical circuit substrate with ~ , > 1 ,there is no exact solution for
optimisation. capacitance, as well as Zi and G.These parameters
can only be calculated accurately point for point
THEORY with numerical field calculations by computer.
Most practical microstrip a The extension length is given by Hammerstad by
the rectangular shape. Fig. 1 shows the geometrical using functional approximations[1],f21,[41,[6],[7]
configuration of a rectangular microstrb antenna.
(e+ 0.3)(W/h + 0.262)
AL = 0.412h
+
(G - 0.258)(~/h 0.813)

By using functional approximation for = 2.1,

2.55, 3.78, 5.75, 6.3, 9, 9.4, 9.8, 11.9, 12.9, 20, 37,
40,85, with t = 0, w k 2 1 we found

ALzO.35 h (2)

and also the effective dielectric constant

Fig. 1
= 8.65 ~ 1+. 0.35 (3)

01998IEEE
0-7803-428l-x/97/$10.00 604
Substituting (2) and (3) in equation (I), the
formula for f r is,
16.299
f,(Ghz) = (4)
(L + 0.7h)( sr+ 0.538)”*
Where L is the length of patch(cm), h is the
thickness of substrate(cm), and cr is the relative
permittivity. As is seen clearly the calculation for
AL and & is not required and thus (4) is a simple
formula. The operating frequency of a rectangular
microstrip antenna is determined by the antenna’s
size and the substrate permittivity only.
RESULT
The fr for various microstnp antenna was
calculated using the new formula. The resonant
frequency of rectangular microstrip antenna
compares well with experimental U well as
theoretical results. Table 1 and 2 shows the
comparison between experimental results and f,
calculated by equation (1) and by our formula.
The resonant frequency using the proposed
formula is in good agreement with measured
result.
CONCLUSION
The main purpose of any antenna designer is
to design an antenna with less error in the
resonant frequency of the experimental data and
computed result. We calculated fr numerically for
different value of‘ relative permittivity and
thickness. A relative dielectric constant around 2.5
is typical. The thickness of substrate is usually
much less than a wavelength. This paper has
presented a simple and accurate formula for
calculation of the resonant frequency of a rectang-
ular microstrip antenna.
RJWEIRENCES
[1]- Reinmout K:. Hoffman, Handbook of
Microwave Integrated Circuits. Artech House,
1987.
[2]- Kazuhiro Hirasawa, Misao Haneishi ,Analysis,
Design, and Measurement of Small and Low-
Profile Antenna. Artech House 1992.
[33- Richard C . Johnson , Henry Jasik , Antenna
Engineering Handbook. 1984, ch. 7.
[4]- PJB. Clarricoats, Advance Antenna
Technology. 1981. .
[5]- Arunk. Bhattacharyya, “Long Rectangular
Patch Antenna with a Single Feed,”. E E E
Transaction on antenna and propagation, vo1.38,
no.7, pp. 987-993 ,JULY 1990.
161- Keith R. Carver and James W. Mink,”
Microstrip Antenna Technology,” IEEE
Transaction on Antenna and propagation, v01.M-
29, no. 1, pp.2-24, Jan 1981.
[7]- Y. T. Lo and S. W. Lee, Antenna Handbook
Theory, Application, and Design, 1988, ch.24.

Table 1- Comparisons between results in [4]and

the present formula:

2.241
2.24
2.24
2.24
3.3
3.25
3.15
3.9
I 1$ I 1
;:e4
12
12
0.051
0.079
0.657
0.079
2.942
2.956
2.959
2.479
2.932
2.959
3.000
2.472
2.24 2.7 10.3 0.079 3.541 3.549 I

Table 2- Comparisons between results in [5] and

the present formula:

I
12.32 3.75 I 27.5 10.318 I 2.42 2.427

605