From the oral cavity of clinically healthy man at the age of 25 years old, physician

has identified the culture of Gr + cocci, which are somewhat elongated, arranged in
pairs or short chains, form a capsule, on blood agar yield of alpha-hemolysis. Is this
man a carrier of some kind of pathogen of microorganism?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus salivarium
Streptococcus feacalis
Peptostreptococcus

Staphylococcus strain, which caused an outbreak of nosocomial diseases, showed

high resistance to penicillin. Which of the following factors is associated with
resistance of microorganisms?
Synthesis of beta-lactamase
Synthesis of adenyltransferase
Change of cell wall components
Change of ribosomal proteins
Phosphotransferase synthesis

Child with a diagnosis “staphylococcal sepsis” was been hospitalized. On what

medium is necessary to inoculate a patient`s blood for purpose of causative agent
revealing?
Sugar-and-peptone broth
Meat-and-peptone agar
Ploskirev’s medium
Buchin’s medium
Yolk-saline agar

Confinement to bed patient has a rise in temperature of body, cough occurrence with
a lot of sputum secretion, pain in the chest. Gr“+” cocci, located in pairs were
revealed in the sputum. What microorganism is the most probable agent of infection?
Legionella pneumophilla
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiellа pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniае

Enteritis-ill child`s excrements were emulsifying in physiological solution, and drop

of emulsion was inoculated on selective media: 10% milk-saline or yolk-saline agar
or mannitol-salt agar. What microorganisms are provided to allocate?
Staphylococcі
Coliform bacillі
Streptococcі
Klebsiella
Enterococcі
Children and staff of the kindergarten were taken to hospital to identify
meningococcal carriers. Choose the method of microbiological investigation.
Biological
Allergic
Bacterioscopic
Bacteriological
Serological

There are cases of purulent postoperative complications of the streptococcal nature

which have become frequent in a surgical hospital. How to determine a source of a
streptococcal infection in a hospital?
Determination of phagovaries
Determination of serovaries
Determination of enzymes
Determination of biovaries
Determination of sensitiveness to antibiotics

During the bacteriological tests of the purulent secreta from urethra, there were found
bacteria, which according to Gram were negatively staining, looked like coffee beans.
These bacteria were splitting glucose and maltose to acid, they were located inside
the leucocytes. Name these microorganisms.
Trichomonas vaginalis
Chlamidia trachomatis
Haemophilus vaginalis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

A bacteriological research of nasopharyngeal mucus is conducted. At

bacterioscopical research the presence of gram-negative cocci which remind coffee
beans and located by pairs and tetrads was determined. Name an aetiological agent
which was revealed by bacteriologist.
Stаphyloсoссus аurеus
Асinеtobасtеr саlсoасеtiсus
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Morаxеllа lасunаtа
Neisseria menigitidis

Gr“-“ diplococci, having the same form as coffee beans were revealed during
bacterioscopical research of nasopharyngeal mucus of 2,5-year-old child with
nasopharyngitis. What organs of child most probably will be affected firstly if these
microorganisms get to blood?
Renal glomerules
Mitral valves
Meninges
Urogenital tract
Lymphatic nodes
A doctor-ophthalmologist examined a sick child with the phenomena of purulent
cerato-conjuctivitis and supposed that it is a blenorrhea. What methods of laboratory
diagnostics can be used to confirm the diagnosis?
Microscopic and biological
Microscopic and bacteriological
Microscopic and phage diagnostics
Bacteriological and biological
Phage diagnostics and allergic

A doctor diagnosed “meningococcal nasopharyngitis” to the child with

nasopharyngitis. What method of laboratory diagnostics is the best for confirmation
of diagnosis?
Bacteriological
Biological
Serological
Microscopical
Allergological

Pure cultures of coccid microorganisms were isolated from the urethra of the patient
with urethritis of sluggish course. The isolated microorganism ferments only glucose
to acid in Hiss series tubes. Name the species of the isolated microorganism.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria meningitidis
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Enterococcus faecalis

Gr “+”prolonged diplococci with pointed opposite ends were revealed in sputum of

patient with suspicion on pneumonia. What microorganisms were revealed in smear?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae

At microscopy of sputum from patient with pneumonia, a lot of Gr “+” lancet shaped
diplococci, which are surrounded by capsule, were revealed. Which microorganisms
were revealed in smear?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Chlamidia pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli

5-year-old patient complains of severe headache and vomiting. Objectively: rigidity

of the occipital muscles, continual vomiting, nausea, herpetic rash on face, fever.
What pathological material is needed to use for bacteriological confirmation of the
preliminary diagnosis - cerebrospinal meningitis?
Research of vomiting masses
Isolating of urinoculture of Neisseria menigitidis from excrements
Isolating of Neisseria menigitidis from sputum
Puncture of cerebrospinal fluid
Isolating of Neisseria menigitidis from the mucus membrane of the urinogenital
system

A 32-year-old woman has a high fever, severe headache, enlarged liver and spleen,
and visible elements roseola rash on the skin of the abdomen during the week. The
doctor diagnosed “typhoid fever”. What pathological material should be sent for
examination to clarify the diagnosis?
Feces
Blood smear from a finger
Serum
Bile
Blood from the cubital vein,10 ml.

Gr“+” round microorganisms which have a lecithinase activity, coagulate rabbit’s

plasma and split a mannitol in anaerobic condition were revealed from purulent
exudates of patient with odontogenous phlegmona. What of following
microorganisms can cause a purulent complication?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus viridans
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus mutans
Staphylococcus aureus

The newborn has hyperemia, swelling in the mucous membrane of the mouth, slight
erosion with viscous mucous-purulent discharge. A large number of leukocytes
containing gram-negative diplococci are found in the smears of the secretions. The
same microorganisms are located outside the leukocytes. What diagnosis can be
assumed?
Congenital syphilis
Gonococcal stomatitis
Staphylococcal stomatitis
Toxoplasmosis
Blenorrhea

Gram-negative bean-shaped diplococcus inside and outside of leucocytes were

detected on bacteriological examination of the purulent exudates from the cervix of
the uterus. Name the causative agent of purulent inflammation of the cervix of the
uterus.
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis
Chlamidia trachomatis
Haemophilus vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Neisseria gonorroeae

The patient with an abscess, which arose after tooth extraction, got to the
maxillofacial department. The doctor has suggested that the cause of the purulent-
inflammatory process is staphylococcus. What nutrient medium should be used to
isolate this pathogen?
Marten’s medium
Endo agar
Klauberg’s medium
Blood agar
mannitol-salt-agar

The pathogenicity factor of staphylococci is…

Hemolysin
Hyaluronidase
Plasma coagulase
Lecithinase
All of above

As a result of delayed treatment of pulpitis, osteomyelitis of the mandible was

developed in patient. What research will identify the causative agent and find an
effective drug to treat a patient?
Isolation of pure cultures
Detection of specific antibodies
Microscopic examination of punctate
Identification of antigens of the pathogen
Complex serology

After removal of the tooth, purulent-inflammatory process began in the patient. The
test material was cultured on mannitol-salt agar. Which microorganisms are suppouse
to be identified using this medium?
Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
Enterococci

After faeces had been cultivated on the medium, red colonies with metallic sheen and
colorless colonies appeared. What is the nutrient medium?
Endo agar
Fortner’s medium
Mannitol-salt agar
Ploskirev’s medium
Kitt-Tarozzi medium
Microorganisms, located as a cluster of grapes, were revealed in a pus from a
furuncle. What organisms were revealed?
Staphylococci
Diplococci
Micrococci
Streptococci
Tetracocci

The short chain-located, round microorganisms were revealed in a smear of tonsils

mucous. What microorganisms were revealed?
Steptococcus
Staphylococcus
Micrococcus
Diplococcus
Tetracoccus

A patient with diarrhea was admitted to the infectious hospital. Bacterioscopic

examination of the stool revealed gram-negative bent rods in the form of a coma.
What disease can be suspected?
Cholera
Intestinal form of plague
Typhoid fever
Salmonellosis gastroenteritis
Enterocolitis

Outbreaks of nosocomial and staphylococcal infection among workers and patients

have been reported in the hospital. What method of microbiological examination of
selected clinical strains of staphylococci will identify the source of infection?
Phage typing of isolated strains
Determination of antibiotic sensitivity of isolated strains
Determination of the antigenic structure of the isolated strains
Determination of biochemical properties of isolated strains
Determination of toxin formation of isolated strains

The bacteriological method for the diagnosis of typhoid fever involves handling the
material from the patient depending on the duration of the disease. What material
should be used in the first week of the disease?
Blood
Saliva
Faeces
Urine
Liquor

In the microscopic examination of the feces of a patient with diarrhea, bent rods in
the form of a coma, located as a «flock of fish», were found. What pathogen are these
morphological features inherent in?
Cholera
Tuberculosis
Escherichiosis
Salmonellosis
Dysentery

Laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases involves the taking of biological

material for investigation. What material is taken for the bacteriological method for
the diagnosis of dysentery?
Feces
Urine
Pharynx flushing out
Liquor
Blood

In the process of identification of isolated pure culture of enterobacteria, the study of

the antigenic structure of the pathogen was conducted. What serological response was
used:
Agglutination on glass
Complement binding
Precipitations
Bacteriolysis
Immunofluorescence

In a patient with suspected salmonellosis, the titer of specific antibodies should be

determined. What biological material should be taken for laboratory research:
Blood
Bile
Urine
Faeces
Liquor

In a patient with suspected typhoid fever, a pure culture of gram-negative motile rods
is isolated, lactose-negative, glucose is decomposed to acid and gas, hydrogen sulfide
is formed. What research should be done to determine the type of these bacteria?
Sero-identification
Identify flagella
Investigate additional biochemical properties
Study cultural properties
Detect toxicity

S. aureus is one of the most common pathogens of nosocomial and non-nosocomial

infections in humans. MRSA strains have important epidemiological and clinical
significance. Choose the antibacterial drugs MRSA is resistant to:
Penicillins, cephalosporins and carbepenems
Tetracyclines
Cephalosporins
Vancomycin
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

The infectious hospital received a patient complaining of pain in the lower abdomen
on the left, frequent meager defecation with impurities of mucus, blood, tenesmus.
What disease can be suspected?
Shigellosis
Typhoid fever
Escherichiosis
Yersiniosis
Cholera

In a patient treated at an infectious hospital, the inoculation of faeces on the Endo

nutrient medium revealed Shigella sonnei. What disease is characterized by it?
Shigellosis
Paratyphi B
Typhoid fever
Salmonellosis
Paratyphi A

Patients with nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, infrequent bowel movements

following poor food consumption have been admitted to the infectious hospital. What
research material should be sent to the laboratory?
Feces and vomiting
Cerebrospinal fluid
Blood
Urine
Nasopharyngeal flushing

The patient complained of frequent, large quantities of rare feces in the form of «rice
water», followed by frequent vomiting with excretion of watery vomiting, thirst.
What disease is characterized by such symptoms?
Cholera
Typhoid fever
Yersiniosis
Escherichiosis
Herpes

In a 27-year-old patient, vomiting, diarrhea in the form of "rice water" is observed.

Name the main method of specific diagnosis in a patient with suspected cholera:
Bacteriological
Virological
Serological
Microscopic
PCR
In a 2-year-old child treated for acute purulent otitis, acute pneumonia develops
during the 2nd week, which is followed by destruction. Which pathogen is most
likely to cause this baby's illness?
Staphylococcus aureus
Pneumococcus
Mycoplasma
Hemophilus rod
Streptococcus

From clinical material of patient with purulent skin lesions (carbuncles) a smear was
made, with following Gram staining. Staphylococcal infection is suspected. If so,
then in the smear should be seen:
gram-negative cocci
gram-positive cocci
gram-variable cocci
gram-negative rods
gram-positive rods

A pure culture of gram-positive cocci was isolated from purulent skin lesions.
Determination of what enzyme activity was conducted for the differentiation of
staphylococci and streptococci?
the activity of DNAses
coagulase activity
oxidase activity
catalase activity
peroxidase activity

In order to isolate a pure staphylococcus culture, it is necessary to use a selective

medium …?
Lowensthein-Jensen
MacConkey agar
Endo agar
mannitol-containing salt agar
Ploskirev’s/SS medium

The coagulase activity of S. aureus contributes to:

splitting of IgA in the hinge region
IgG binding for the Fc fragment
formation of fibrin cover around bacteria
splitting of fibrin clots
inhibition of phagocytosis by macrophages

Protein A of S. aureus promotes:

splitting of hydrogen peroxide
adhesion of microorganisms to artificial devices
adhesion of microorganisms to the intercellular matrix
IgG binding for the Fc fragment
splitting of IgA in the hinge region

Staphylococci exhibit the following type of hemolysis when cultivated on blood agar:
α - hemolysis
β – hemolysis
δ – hemolysis
κ – hemolysis
ζ – hemolysis

Pure culture of microorganisms was obtained from a patient with purulent skin
lesions. Gram-stained smears show gram-positive cocci in the form of clusters. S.
aureus infection is suspected. How to differentiate S. aureus from other types of
staphylococci? What is the defining reaction?
determination of catalase activity
determination of oxidase activity
determination of coagulase activity
determination of ability to hemolysis
determination of lypase activity

Food poisoning symptoms are observed in the patient: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
abdominal pain. Symptoms appeared within hours after eating suspicious foods
(cream cakes). Staphylococcus toxin poisoning is suspected. Which treatment
approach will be most effective in this case?
antibiotic therapy
antibiotic therapy + symptomatic treatment (measures of detoxification)
symptomatic treatment (measures of detoxification)
phagotherapy
no treatment is needed

In the development of toxic shock induced by the exotoxin of S. aureus TSST-1, the
following symptoms will be most pronounced:
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea in the form of rice water
diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache
muscle spasms, opisthotonus
fever, hypotension, cytokine storm
necrotic tissue damage

Post-operative complications are observed in the patient at the hospital.

Staphylococci were isolated from the wound surface. Which antibiotic drug will be
most effective?
Penicillin
Cephalosporin
Oxacillin
Doxycycline
Methicillin

The development of scalded skin syndrome is due to the activity of:

enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus
exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus
coagulase of Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus TSST-1 exotoxin
cytotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus

The following substances contribute to the formation of hemolysis zones on blood

agar around S. aureus colonies:
α – toxin
Enterotoxin
exfoliative toxin
exotoxin TSST-1
coagulase

Positive Nikolsky's symptom of "scalded skin syndrome" induced by Staphylococcus

aureus is manifested in the following:
reddened areas of the affected skin
seals of the affected skin
red and sealed areas of the affected skin
exfoliation of the affected skin area when pressed
pus from the area of the affected skin when pressed

For the rapid identification of methicillin-sensitive and resistant staphylococci, the

following method is used:
ELISA
PCR analysis
growing on selective media
phagotyping
microscopy

Staphylococcal infection can be determined by microscopy in the case of:

Bacteremia
purulent lesions
lesions caused be enterotoxins
toxic shock syndrome
"scalded skin syndrome"

The main symptoms of food poisoning indicating the staphylococcal enterotoxin

intoxication are:
headache, confused consciousness
abdominal pain and diarrhea with blood admixtures
symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea develop very quickly and pass within 24
g
watery diarrhea of «rice water» type
symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea developed in 2-3 days

The selective factor for the isolation of staphylococci is:

high content of bile acids in medium
increased content of NaCl in medium
increased content of crystal violet in the medium
increased content of lactose in medium
content of the erythrocytes in medium

What are the pathological conditions of staphylococcal etiology caused by the action
of exotoxins?
Endocarditis
"scalded skin syndrome"
Mastitis
Osteomyelitis
Carbuncles

What pathological conditions of staphylococcal etiology are related to purulent

infections?
"scalded skin syndrome"
toxic shock syndrome
osteomyelitis
food poisoning
Ritter's disease

MRSA strains of staphylococci are sensitive to:

Benzylpenicillin
Cephalosporin
Methicillin
Vancomycin
Gentamicin

Symptoms of toxic shock developed in the patient. Staphylococcal intoxication with

TSST-1 exotoxin is suspected. From which tissue or area of the body is most likely to
isolate the toxigenic Staphylococcus strain?
blood
vagina
the skin between the toes
saliva
oropharynx

The patient has clinical manifestations of "scalded skin syndrome". Staphylococcal

infection is suspected. No obvious purulent lesions are on the body. Which tissue or
area of the body is most likely contaminated with staphylococci that form an
exfoliative toxin?
Vagina
Blood
Perineum
Nasopharynx
Scalp
Which of the following pathological conditions is caused by the exotoxin of
S.aureus?
Pneumonia
Food poisoning
Arthritis
infectious lesions of the urinary system
obesity

Which of the following antimicrobials will be most effective for MRSA infection?
Cefotaxime
Gentamicin
Clarithromycin
Trimethoprim
Teicoplanin

Which of the following definitions is true about staphylococci?

gram-positive, motionless, catalase-negative
gram-positive, motionless, catalase-positive
gram-positive, motile, catalase-positive
gram-negative, motile, catalase-positive
gram-negative, motionless, catalase-positive

What components of enriched medium are used for the selection of streptococci?
copper ions
bile salts
NaCl salts
glucose or mannitol
blood or serum

Which of the following is true about streptococci?

encapsulated, motile, non-spore forming
encapsulated, nonmotile, non-spore forming
encapsulated, nonmotile, spore-forming
encapsulated, motile, spore forming
without capsule, nonmotile, non-spore-forming

Which Streptococcus group is sensitive to bacitracin?

A
B
C
D
E

The division of streptococci into groups by Lancefield is carried out on the basis of:
determination of cell wall polysaccharides
determination of the capsular polysaccharides
detection of flagella antigens
determination of ability to hemolysis
determination of the type of hemolysis

What is the characteristic of Streptococcus pyogenes?

belongs to group A according to the Lancefield classification, gives α-type hemolysis
on blood agar
belongs to group B according to the Lancefield classification, gives α-type hemolysis
on blood agar
belongs to group A according to the Lancefield classification, gives β-type hemolysis
on blood agar
belongs to group B according to the Lancefield classification, gives β-type hemolysis
on blood agar
has no antigens according to the Lancefield classification, gives β-type hemolysis on
blood agar

What is the characteristic of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

belongs to group A according to the Lancefield classification, gives β-type hemolysis
on blood agar
belongs to group B according to the Lancefield classification, gives β-type hemolysis
on blood agar
belongs to group C according to the Lancefield classification, gives α-type hemolysis
on blood agar
does not have antigens according to the Lancefield classification, gives β-type
hemolysis on blood agar
has no Lancefield classification antigens, produces α-type hemolysis on blood agar

Which of the following pathogenicity factors does NOT belong to Streptococcus

pyogenes?
protein M
C5a-peptidase
protein A
O-streptolysin
F-protein

Which of the following toxic substances of streptococci has the activity of

superantigens?
O-streptolysin
S-streptolysin
Hyaluronidase
Streptokinase
erythrogenic toxins A and C

Frequency of detection Str. pyogenes or Str. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis in

the case of acute pharyngitis is:
1-5%
5-10%
10-20%
20-30%
30-40%

Individuals may suffer from recurrent infection of S. pyogenes despite a potent

immune response against bacterial antigens. What property of bacteria explains the
lack of protective immunity?
the presence of a capsule
the presence of C5a-peptidase
the presence of S-streptolysin
the presence of group antigen A
significant M-protein polymorphism

Vaccines for S. pneumoniae have been included in child immunization protocols in

many countries. What are the components of novel vaccines?
all polysaccharides of the capsule
hyaluronic acid
11-13 selected serotypes of protein conjugated polysaccharides
23 selected serotypes of polysaccharide capsule
cell wall polysaccharides

The selection of streptococci from samples of clinical material is of diagnostic

importance from …:
Pharynx
Oral cavity
Affected skin
Upper respiratory tract
Genitourinary system

Rheumatic fever of streptococcal etiology may develop after:

Erysipelas
Pyoderma
Cellulite
necrotizing fasciitis
Pharyngitis

The development of rheumatic fever is induced by the following bacteria:

Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus mutans
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus pneumoniae

The causative agent of erysipelas is:

Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus mitis
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus gordonii
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Is this the diagnosis of infection when streptococci are detected directly from the
clinical material of the oropharynx by Gram staining in patients with pharyngitis?
yes, because streptococci are not representative of the oropharyngeal flora
yes, since pathogenic streptococci are very easy to differentiate from non-pathogenic
ones
no, because streptococci are not excreted from oropharyngeal material at all
no, since pathogenic streptococci are easily confused with non-pathogenic
streptococci, representative of the oropharyngeal flora
no, since this staining method is not used at all for streptococcus imaging.

Group specific antigens of streptococci are localized:

in the cell wall of bacteria
in a bacterial capsule
in bacteria exotoxin
in bacterial endotoxin
in bacterial exoenzymes

The detection of group-specific antigen A directly in clinical material taken with a

cotton-gauze swab is possible in the case of the following disease:
Erysipelas
Pyoderma
Cellulite
Purulent fasciitis
Pharyngitis

The main mechanism for the spread of group A streptococci in the human population
is:
contact-household
air-drop
Sexual
Transmission
Alimentary

Antibodies to streptolysin O appear in patients after exposure to the pathogen during

the following period:
5 days
1-2 weeks
3-4 weeks
1 month
2-3 months

Which test will be most informative to confirm the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis
of streptococcal etiology?
detection of serum ASO antibodies
detection of serum ASS antibodies
detection in the serum of antibodies to the M antigen
detection of serum antibodies to group A antigen
detection in the serum of antibodies to the F antigen

Which of the following is NOT caused by Staphylococcus aureus?

Impetigo
Folliculitis
Furuncules
Еrysipelas
Сarbuncles

Could be ASO antibodies detection used as diagnostic approach in the case of

purulent S.pyogenes skin lesions?
yes, such antibodies are formed in the patient fairly quickly
yes, the serum titers of these antibodies are high enough
no, the titers of these antibodies are very dependent on the concomitant diseases of
the patient (e.g. diabetes)
no, such antibodies are formed in the later stages of the infectious process
no, such antibodies are not formed at all during purulent S.pyogenes skin lesions

With using of which antibiotic could S.pyogenes be identified among other group A
streptococci?
Penicillin
Methicillin
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Novobiocin

What characteristics are true about Streptococcus pyogenes?

α-hemolytic, group antigen A according to Lancefield
α-hemolytic, group antigen B according to Lancefield
β-hemolytic, group antigen A according to Lancefield
β-hemolytic, group antigen B according to Lancefield
γ-hemolytic, group antigen A according to Lancefield

What characteristics are true about Streptococcus agalactiae?

α-hemolytic, group antigen A according to Lancefield
α-hemolytic, group antigen B according to Lancefield
β-hemolytic, group antigen A according to Lancefield
β-hemolytic, group antigen B according to Lancefield
γ-hemolytic, group antigen A according to Lancefield

Which medium is selective for the isolation of Streptococcus agalactiae from clinical
material?
salt agar with mannitol
Lim broth
MacConkey medium
medium enriched with blood or serum
medium with bacitracin

A pure culture of streptococci was isolated from pneumonia patient on blood agar
medium. It has been observed autolysis of colonies of microorganisms when aging.
What kind of streptococci is characterized by such properties?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pyogenes
Streptococcus mitis
Streptococcus salivarius

Which of the following is true for Streptococcus pneumoniae?

α-hemolytic, group antigen A according to Lancefield
α-hemolytic, group antigen B according to Lancefield
β-hemolytic, group antigen A according to Lancefield
β-hemolytic, group antigen B according to Lancefield
α-hemolytic, has no Lancefield group antigen

Using the optocin sensitivity test, you can identify:

Streptococcus agalactiae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae

On the 8th day after childbirth, lactational mastitis was diagnosed in woman. Which
pathogenic agent causes postnatal mastitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Diplococcus
Steptococcus
Escherichia coli

The group of children experienced vomiting, diarrhea, fever, lethargy, abdominal

pain of different localization in 3-6 hours after eating of cream cakes (the symptoms
disappeared in 24 hours) Which diagnosis is correct?
Staphylococcal toxicosis
Botulism
Cholera
Salmonellosis
Shigellosis

Child with a diagnosis “staphylococcal sepsis” was been hospitalized. What medium
is necessary to inoculate a patient`s blood to reveal a pathogen?
Sugar broth
Meat peptide agar
Yolk-salt agar
Buchin’s medium
Ploskirev’s/SS medium

Staphylococcus aureus was revealed as a result of bacteriological examination of the

vomiting masses and residues of the curd. Which research must be used for
establishment of the source of infection?
Make a lysotyping of isolated strains
Define an ability of strains to produce toxins
Take a research of nutrition unit equipment
Define a presence of antibodies in ill children
Take allergic test

To confirm streptococcal sepsis, 10 cm3 of blood was taken from the patient and
cultivated with serum broth. In which medium should culture be cultivated for colony
obtaining?
Serum agar
Meat peptone agar
Meat water medium
Endo medium
Levin’s/EMB medium

The doctor suspected streptococcal angina in a child. On what culture medium it is

necessary to inoculate mucus from the throat?
Blood agar
Lowenshtain-Jensen
Russel`s medium
Milk-saline agar
Meat peptone agar

Gram-negative diplococci, which are located mostly intracellularly, are detected in a

liquor of a patient with severe headache, vomiting, and impaired speech. What
microorganism has caused these symptoms?
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus agalactiae

A patient was been hospitalized with complains of severe headache, rigidity of the
occipital muscles, fever and vomiting. What pathological material is needed to use
for bacteriological confirmation of the preliminary diagnosis - meningitis?
Cerebrospinal fluid
Vomiting masses
Feces
Mucus from the throat
Urine

Gram-negative bean-shaped diplococcі inside and outside of leucocytes were

detected at bacteriological examination of the purulent exudates from the cervix of
the uterus. Name the causative agent of purulent inflammation of the cervix of the
uterus.
Neissеria gonorrhoeae
Haemophilus vaginalis
Chlamidia trachomatis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

The culture of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of 055K59 serotype was isolated

from the feces of the infant. On the basis of which properties is the selected culture
assigned to EPEC O55?
Due to antigenic properties
Due to cultural properties
Due to proteolytic properties
Due to morphological properties
Due to biochemical properties

A child has coli-enteritis. At bacteriological research of pathogenic material from this

child, the study of the red, round, convex colonies of medium size with metallic
sheen grown on Endo's medium was conducted. Which microorganisms are
characterized by such signs?
Escheriсhia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Salmonella typhi
Shigella sonnei
Salmonella cholerae

The culture of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli was isolated on Endo medium.

What agglutinating serum is used to select lactose-positive colonies for further
identification?
Polyvalent OK-sera
Serum of salmonella groups
Zonne’s serum
Polyvalent O-Serum of groups ABCDE
Monovalent H-serum

During the Widal's agglutination test it was noticed that the ratio of antibody titers
against O-antigens of S.typhi in the patient's serum was 1:200. For which disease is it
characteristic?
Typhoid fever
Paratyphi B
Salmonellosis
Shigellosis
Paratyphi A

Feces of a restaurant cook are examined with the help of bacteriological methods. On
bismuth-sulfite agar little black colonies with metallic sheen have grown. What genus
of microorganisms can it be?
Salmonellae
Staphylococci
Streptococci
Shigellae
Escherichia

A pure Salmonella typhi culture was isolated from a patient suspected of typhoid
fever. What medium is NOT used for the pure culture isolation?
Olkenitsky
Mannitol-salt agar
Endo’s
Ploskirev’s
BSA (bismuth-sulfite agar)

Effective diagnostics of the intestinal infection agents is based on antibodies to

bacteria antigens revealing in indirect hemagglutination test. What standard
preparation must be used in this reaction?
Erythrocyte diagnosticum
Monoclonal antibodies
Sheep erythrocytes and hemolytic serum
Hemolytic serum
Antibodies against immunoglobulins of the main classes

From the patient with suspected typhoid fever blood for hemoculture was taken.
What medium is used to confirm the diagnosis?
Bile broth
Kitt-Tarocci
Sugar broth
Magnesium medium
Serum broth

Shigella sonnei was isolated from defecation of patient with intestinal infection.
Which of the following serological tests was used to identify an isolated pure culture?
Agglutination test
The reaction of precipitation
Neutralization reaction
Lysis reaction
Fixation of complement

The patient has diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, feces like “rice water” and have no
fecal smell. What pathogen caused the disease?
Vibrio cholerae
EPEC (Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli)
Enteroviruses
Shigella sonnei
Salmonella typhi

As a result of feces inoculation onto alkaline peptone water a growth in the form of
tender bluish pellicle was revealed. Microscopy revealed Gram negative curved rods.
What disease could these microorganisms cause?
Cholera
Escherichiosis
Shigellosis
Proteus induced infection
Salmonellae induced gastroenteritis

A patient was brought into the infectional disease hospital on the 8th day since the
disease onset. The patient complains of headache, malaise and weakness. Widal
agglutination test results with blood sample diluted 1:400 and typhoid fever O-
diagnosticum were positive. What diagnosis can be made based on the results of this
test?
Typhoid fever
Dysentery
Leptospirosis
Tuberculosis
Cholera

Streptococci are known to have hemolytic properties. What nutrition medium can be
applied to study these properties?
Blood agar
Endo agar
Hiss’ medium
MacConkey agar
Meat peptone agar

Gram-negative comma-shaped bacteria are revealed in the feces of a patient with

diarrhoea. What is the most likely disease in this patient?
Cholera
Intestinal form of plague
Typhoid fever
Salmonella gastroenteritis
Enterocolitis

For determining of the infectious agent species taken from an organism of the patient
with previous diagnosis “Cholera”, one of identification stages is revealing of its
monotrichal motility. What method is used for this purpose?
Method of the "hanging" or "crushed" drop
Gram staining method
Loeffler staining method
Method of peptone water inoculation
Method of peptone agar inoculation

A patient with diarrhea was admitted to the infectious hospital. Bacterioscopic

examination of the stool revealed gram-negative bent rods in the form of a coma.
What disease can be suspected?
Salmonellosis gastroenteritis
Intestinal form of plague
Typhoid fever
Cholera
Enterocolitis

A tourist H. from a country with endemic cholera arrived to the city two weeks ago.
Practically healthy. What anti-epidemic measure for the tourist should be taken?
No epidemic measures should be taken
Bacteriological examination
Compulsory hospitalization in an infectious hospital
Hospitalization in a ward for 5 days
Observation for 5 days

From vomit of patient with cholera Gram-negative, motile vibrios were isolated.
What diagnostic products used to determine the serovar of isolated culture?
Type Serum of Inaba and Ogawa
Typing bacteriophages
Polyvalent phages
Fluorescent serum
Normal serum

The patient complained of frequent, large quantities of rare feces in the form of «rice
water», followed by frequent vomiting with excretion of watery vomiting, thirst.
What disease is characterized by such symptoms?
Typhoid fever
Cholera
Yersiniosis
Escherichiosis
Herpes

During the bacteriological diagnosis of cholera, test-material is cultivated on selective

media. Which of these media is selective for Vibrio cholerae?
Alkaline MPA
Alkaline peptone water
Monsur Medium
TCBS-agar
All of above
In the culture medium for enteropathogenic bacteria, the following component is used
to suppress the growth of concomitant normal flora:
increased content of NaCl salt
increased content of bile salts
increased content of potassium salts
high glucose content
increased content of iron salts

Colonies of lactose-positive E. coli strains on MacConkey medium have the

following color:
golden
cream
pink
white
generally colorless

Colonies of Shigella spp. on a MacConkey agar have the following color:

colorless
cream
dark pink
white
golden

Colonies of Salmonella typhimurium strains on MacConkey medium have the

following color:
golden
cream
colorless
dark pink
white

Cells of E. coli in Gram stained smears have the appearance of:

gram-positive rods
gram-negative rods
gram-variable rods
gram-negative cells in the form of a coma
gram-negative cocci

Enterobacteria by Gram are stained:

positive
negative
this method is not used at all for staining of enterobacteria
gram-variable
the tinctorial properties of enterobacteria depend on the age of the culture

On the Endo medium, lactose-positive E. coli colonies have the color:

colorless
golden
white
dark pink with metallic glitter
cream

Which of the following characteristics are true for strains of E. coli?

Gram-positive, catalase-positive, motile
Gram-negative, catalase-positive, nonmotile
Gram-negative, catalase-positive, motile
Gram-positive, catalase-positive, nonmotile
Gram-negative, catalase-negative, motile.

To differentiate representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family from, for example,

representatives of the genus Pseudomonas, use a simple test to determine the activity
of the enzyme:
catalase
coagulases
cytochrome oxidase
neuraminidase
nitrate reductase

The common antigen of enterobacteria is contained in:

Enterobacterial pili
flagella of enterobacteria
fimbriae of enterobacteria
the cell wall of enterobacteria
the capsular substance of enterobacteria

Which characteristic is incorrect regarding enterobacteria:

Gram-negative
rod-shaped
catalase-positive
oxidase-negative
spore-forming

Which genus does not belong to the family Enterobacteriaceae?

Escherichia
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
Salmonella
Yersinia

70% of urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria:

Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus;
Escherichia coli
Proteus vulgaris
Klebsiella pneumoniae

Opportunistic infections are caused by the following bacteria:

Escherichia coli
Salmonella serotype typhi
Salmonella serotype paratyphi
Shigella flexneri
Shigella sonnei

A hepatouremic syndrome (HUS) has developed in a child as a result of an

enterobacterial infection. What information is correct?
Most cases of HUS are associated with diarrhea initiated by Shigella
Children under 4 years of age with diarrhea with bleeding should be treated with
beta-lactam antibiotics
HUS is associated with fever in most cases
Enterobacteria induced GUS may develop in the absence of diarrhea
HUS never develops with an infection caused by members of the genus Escherichia

In which case a person should not interrupt his / her activity (work or school
attendance)?
Yung man, 25 years old, was diagnosed with S.flexneri, works in café as a cook
8-year-old sibling of sick child with diagnosed infection caused by O157 STEC
serogroup, who study at school
Asymptomatic mother of 4-year-ald sick child with diagnosed Shigella dysenteriae
infection, who works in call-centre
Asymptomatic father of 2-year-old child with diagnosed O26 VTEC serogroup
infection, who works as hospital attendant
Asymptomatic woman, the wife of sick person with diagnosed Shigella sonnei
bacteremia, who takes care of old person at home

On the Endo medium, lactose-positive E. coli have the following colony color:
colorless
pale pink
white
golden
dark pink with metallic sheen

The endotoxin of bacteria is called:

cell wall LPS
bacterial flagella
bacterial pili
a capsule substance
bacterial exoenzymes

Somatic O-antigen is:

the core part of the LPS
the inner (cell-oriented) part of the LPS
the outer (outward-oriented cells) part of the LPS
part of the capsule substance of bacteria
part of the bacterial pili

The toxic activity of endotoxin is provided by:

a whole molecule of LPS
the core part of the LPS
lipid A of LPS
LPS O-antigen
O-antigen and the core part of the LPS together

The apparent antigenic properties of endotoxin are provided by:

only the core part of the LPS
the whole LPS molecule
lipid A of LPS
only LPS O-antigen
O-antigen and the core part of the LPS together

Among the surface antigens of bacteria, the most sensitive to the action of high
temperatures is:
O-antigen
lipid A LPS
K antigens
H antigen
endotoxin

Which of the following clinical symptoms is not characteristic for the initial period of
development of typhoid fever?
headache
diarrhea
dry cough
abdominal discomfort
constipation

A child attending kindergarten has typhoid fever. Which transmission path can be
excluded from the following list?
contact with a sick person
eating food contaminated by a sick person
using water contaminated by a sick person
using the means of hygiene of a sick person
contact with a sick animal

What microorganism isolated from pathological material of a patient is an indicator

for obligatory treatment such patient?
Escherichia coli
Proteus mirabilis
Streptococcus mutans
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Shigella sonnei

Which of the following is correct for the family Enterobacteriaceae?

catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, glucose fermenters
catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, glucose fermenters
catalase-negative, oxidase-negative, glucose nonfermenters
catalase-negative, oxidase-positive, glucose fermenters
catalase-negative, oxidase-negative, glucose fermenters

Growth inhibition occurs on a MacConkey selective medium for such type of

bacteria:
Gram-positive cocci
Gram-negative rods
Shigella spp
Escherichia spp
Salmonella spp

On a MacConkey selective medium, Enterobacteriaceae family members can be

differentiated by:
Glucose fermentation
Mannitol fermentation
Sorbitol fermentation
Lactose fermentation
Galactose fermentation

What are the characteristics of colonies of microorganisms that are most important in
differentiating Enterobacteriaceae grown on MacConkey medium?
size of colonies
the color of the colonies
the surface of the colonies
the edge of the colonies
growth rate on the medium

The E. coli E157: H7 serotype is attributed to the following type of pathogenic

Escherichia:
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
Enteroaggregative (EAEC)
Shiga-producing toxin (STEC)

What method of cultivation allows to differentiate the serotype of E. coli O157: H7

from other pathogenic Escherichia?
cultivation on Endo medium
cultivation on MacConkey medium
cultivation on sorbitol-containing MacConkey medium (SMAC)
cultivation on EMB agar
cultivation on mannitol-containing salt agar

E. coli induce the development of urinary tract infections in the following cases:
up to 10%
10-20%
50%
60-70%
80%

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a complication of an infection caused by

following type of pathogenic Escherichia:
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
Shiga-toxin producing (STEC)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
Enteroaggregative (EAEC)
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)

Enterohemorrhagic E.coli (EНЕC) are:

Shiga-toxin producing (STEC)
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
Enteroaggregative (EAEC)

In the presence of the ipaH gene, the following type of pathogenic E. coli can be
identified:
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
Enteroaggregative (EAEC)
Shiga-producing toxin (STEC)

Among the members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, bacteremia is most commonly

induced by the genera:
Escherichia
Proteus
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Serratia

E.coli was isolated from the clinical material specimens. PCR analysis revealed the
presence of eae genes. What pathological type of Escherichia was isolated?
Shiga-toxin producing (STEC)
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
Enteroaggregative (EAEC)

E.coli was isolated from the clinical material specimens. PCR analysis revealed the
presence of aggR genes. What pathological type of Escherichia was isolated?
Shiga-toxin producing (STEC)
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
Enteroaggregation (EAEC)

E.coli was isolated from the clinical material specimens. PCR analysis revealed the
presence of Stx1 genes. What pathological type of Escherichia was isolated?
Shiga-toxin producing (STEC)
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
Enteroaggregative (EAEC)

E.coli was isolated from the clinical material specimens. PCR analysis revealed the
presence of thermolabile toxin genes. What pathological type of Escherichia was
isolated?
Shiga-toxin producing (STEC)
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
Enteroaggregative (EAEC)

When interacted with the epithelium, structures similar to stacked-brick are formed
by bacteria of the following pathogenic E. coli types:
Enterotoxigenic (ETEC)
Enteroaggregative (EAEC)
Enteropathogenic (EPEC)
Enteroinvasive (EIEC)
Shiga-toxin producing (STEC)

In developed countries, shigellosis is most commonly caused by:

Shigella flexneri
Shigella sonnei
Shigella dyseneriae
Shigella boydii
all listed equally

In developing countries, shigellosis is most commonly caused by:

Shigella flexneri
Shigella sonnei
Shigella dyseneriae
Shigella boydii
all listed equally

Based on which two shigella serogroups has the appropriate vaccine been created?
Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri
Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei
Shigella sonnei and Shigella boydii
Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella sonnei
Shigella flexneri and Shigella boydii

Which of the following symptoms is key for suspected shigella-induced infection?

diarrhea in the form of rice water
diarrhea with blood admixtures
fever
abdominal pain
headache

What arthropods play an important role in the transfer of shigella?

wasps
ticks
lice
fleas
flies
mosquitoes

In which of the intestinal diseases do roseola rashes occur on the skin?

gastroenteritis induced by ETEC
typhoid fever
dysentery
gastroenteritis induced by Salmonella Paratyphi
gastroenteritis induced by STEC.

The development of typhoid fever is caused by the following bacteria:

Shigella dyseneriae
Shigella flexneri
Salmonella Typhimurium
Salmonella Typhi
Salmonella Paratyphi A

What pathogen triggers the development of a pathological condition in which

bacteremia is possible?
Shigella dyseneriae
Salmonella Typhi
Shigella flexneri
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli serotype O157: H7
Salmonella Vi antigen is an antigen of:
capsule
the cell wall
pili
flagella
exotoxin

Which medium is not used to identify members of the Enterobacteriaceae family?

Endo
Rappaport-Vassiliadis Medium
Levin's/EMB
MacConkey
mannitol-containing salt agar

Microscopic examination of the film, which appeared in peptone water after 6 hours
after cultivating feces, showed curved motile Gram-negative rods. Spores and
capsules do not form. What are microorganisms?
Spirochaetes
Vibrios
Clostridias
Corynebacterias
Spirillas

From patients with cholera feces were taken. In what liquid medium is recommended
to cultivate this material for isolating Vibrio cholerae?
Meat-peptone broth
1% alkaline peptone water
1% glucose broth
10% serum broth
10% bile broth

From a patient with a diagnosis of "cholera" was isolated pure culture of moving
vibrios. To which group of flagellated bacteria does this pathogen belong?
Amphitrichous
Lophotrichous
Monotrichous
Peritrichous
Vibrio don’t have flagella

From the vomit mass of a patient there were isolated very motile, slightly curved,
Gram-negative rods which react positively with Inaba's diagnostic serum. What
symptoms, most probably, will appear with the treatment absent?
Endotoxic shock
Bacteremia
Dehydration
Skin rash
Ulcerous damages of intestine

A vomiting mass of patient with suspected cholera was sent to the bacteriological
laboratory. A smear “hanging drop” was prepared from the sample. Which method of
microscopy will be used to reveal causative agent due to its motility?
Phase-contrast
Electron microscopy
Immune electron
Luminescent
Immerse type

A girl, 18 years old, from rural area of India has profuse diarrhea with fluid loss up to
8 liters a day. Which of the following microorganisms may be a causative agent of
this infection?
Shigella dysentheriae
Campylobacter jejuni
Enteropathogenic E.coli
Salmonella typhi
Vibrio cholera

A patient is hospitalized to an infectious department with cholera suspected. What

basic method of research is necessary to use for the confirmation of the diagnosis?
Immunological
Bacteriological
Biological
Serologic
Allergic

Vaccines against Str. pneumoniae infections are included in the childhood

vaccination programme in many countries. Which are the components of the
currently used vaccine?
All capsular polysaccharide serotypes
11–13 selected capsular polysaccharide serotypes conjugated to a protein
the 23 most frequent capsular serotypes
The cell wall polysaccharide
The IgA1 protease

Which of the following investigations would be most useful in the diagnosis of

enteric fever?
C reactive protein
White cell count
Widal test
MALDI-TOF
Blood cultures
Which antibiotic is most appropriate in the treatment of enteric fever caused by S.
Typhi?
Ampicillin
Gentamicin
Ciprofloxacin
Vancomycin
Chloramphenicol