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Pub - Design of Asme b313 Metalic Piping Systems PDF
Pub - Design of Asme b313 Metalic Piping Systems PDF
January 2009
PIP PNC00005
Design of ASME B31.3 Metallic Piping Systems
PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES
In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has
been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major
industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical
requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering
costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice
is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual
applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence
over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters
or application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not
be made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names
from time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather
recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications
are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. All Practices or guidelines
are intended to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA
requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or
other applicable laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed.
Consult an appropriate professional before applying or acting on any material
contained in or suggested by the Practice.
PRINTING HISTORY
November 1996 Issued January 2009 Complete Revision & Renumbering
February 2002 Complete Revision
PIP PNC00005
Design of ASME B31.3 Metallic Piping Systems
Table of Contents
1. Introduction................................. 2
1.1 Purpose............................................ 2
1.2 Scope ............................................... 2
2. References .................................. 2
2.1 Process Industry Practices .............. 2
2.2 Industry Codes and Standards ........ 2
2.3 Government Regulations ................. 3
3. Requirements.............................. 3
3.1 General ............................................ 3
3.2 Design Conditions............................ 4
3.3 Design Practices .............................. 5
3.4 Hot Tapping ................................... 12
3.5 Piping Components........................ 12
3.6 Piping Flexibility ............................. 17
3.7 Piping Support ............................... 17
3.8 Specific Piping Systems................. 17
3.9 Fabrication, Assembly, and
Erection .......................................... 22
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
This Practice provides requirements for designing metallic piping systems to
ASME B31.3, Process Piping (hereinafter referred to as the Code).
1.2 Scope
This Practice provides requirements for piping systems arrangement, design
conditions, components, and joints. This Practice shall be used in conjunction with
the Code.
The requirements of this Practice are more stringent than the Code for the purpose of
standardization and not because the Code is considered unsafe.
Piping systems designed in accordance with other piping codes are not included in
this Practice.
2. References
Applicable parts of the following Practices, industry codes and standards, and references shall
be considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition in effect on the date of contract
award shall be used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles will be used herein where
appropriate.
3. Requirements
3.1 General
3.1.1 Piping systems shall be in accordance with this Practice and with all
applicable federal, state, and local laws.
3.1.2 New piping systems within the scope of this Practice shall be in accordance
with the Code.
3.1.3 Alterations to existing piping systems shall be in accordance with API 570.
Changes in service or in design conditions shall be considered alterations.
3.1.4 Items that are normally fabricated from piping components (e.g., strainers
and devices that serve such purposes as mixing, separating, snubbing,
distributing, and metering or controlling flow), if identified by the owner as
specialty piping (SP) items, shall be designed in accordance with this
Practice unless otherwise specified by the owner. Piping components such as
pulsation dampeners, surge bottles, condensate collection pots, and like
components may be furnished as piping, as permitted by ASME Section
V111, U-1.
3.1.5 Design of piping at machinery shall be in accordance with PIP REIE686 and
NEMA SM-23, as applicable.
3.1.6 All piping shall be identified by the owner as Category D, Category M, high
pressure, or normal fluid services as defined in the Code. “Severe cyclic
conditions” in accordance with the Code shall also be identified by the
owner.
3.3.7.4 Circular blanks or spacers shall be provided for blind sizes greater
than the limits of Section 3.3.7.3.
3.3.7.5 Circular blanks or spacers shall be used in place of figure-8 type
blinds for cold-insulated piping less than 70°F (21°C).
3.3.7.6 Commercially available blinding systems in accordance with the
Code shall be permitted.
3.3.7.7 See ASME B16.48 for guidance for the use of blanks in piping
systems.
3.3.8 Strainers and Filters
3.3.8.1 If strainers are not furnished as part of the equipment, strainers in the
piping shall be considered for the protection of the following
equipment:
a. Mechanical equipment in accordance with PIP REIE686
3.3.9.9 Valves with bodies of gray cast iron, ductile iron, or low melting
point alloys (e.g., brass or bronze) shall not be used in a permanent
connection including the utility side.
3.3.9.10 The material selection of the valve bodies and trim in a permanent
connection shall be suitable for both the process and the utility
fluid.
3.3.9.11 Operator access shall be provided to the block valves on either side
and to the blind or breakaway spool of the connection.
3.3.9.12 Chain-operated valves shall not be permitted.
3.5.5 Valves
3.5.5.1 General
1. Ball, butterfly, and plug valves shall have gear operators in
accordance with the PIP Piping Material Specifications.
2. Block valves and bypass valves at control valve manifolds,
equipment, and pressure-reducing stations shall be of the higher
pressure rating.
3. For soft-seated valves, pressure-temperature ratings for the same
class valve may vary between manufacturers and may be lower
than the ratings shown in PIP Piping Material Specifications.
4. Screwed bonnet and screwed body valves shall not be used in
any hydrocarbon or hazardous material services unless the
bonnets/bodies are seal-welded.
5. Union bonnet valves shall not be used in any hydrocarbon or
hazardous material services.
3.5.5.2 Gate Valves
Gear operators are recommended for wedge gate valves for the
pressure ratings and sizes shown in Table 2.
Table 2 – Gear Operator Applications for Gate Valves
Pressure Class Gate Valves Sizes (NPS)
150 14 and greater
300 12 and greater
600 and 900 8 and greater
1500 and greater 6 and greater
3.5.6 Flanges
3.5.6.1 Flanges NPS 24 and less shall be in accordance with ASME B16.5
for the listed materials.
3.5.6.2 Unless otherwise specified, steel flanges larger than NPS 24 shall be
in accordance with ASME B16.47, Series B.
3.5.6.3 The use of flanges in piping shall be minimized. Flanges shall be
typically used in the following applications:
a. At flanged equipment
b. At valves
c. At blanks
d. In removable sections of pipe
e. Where frequent dismantling of piping is required
f. Where piping lined with nonmetals or nonmetallic piping cannot
be bonded or otherwise joined
g. To provide for erection requirements
h. To allow for modifications in areas where welding is not
permitted
i. To provide clearance for dismantling of equipment
(e.g., compressors, reactor heads, etc.)
j. For maintenance cleaning, decoking, or slurry service
3.5.6.4 Slip-on flanges may be used in piping NPS 24 maximum for
Classes 300 and less at design temperatures 800°F (430°C) or less.
3.5.6.5 Lap joint flanges may be used in piping for Classes 300 and less at
design temperatures 500ºF (260ºC) and less.
3.5.6.6 Except for proprietary flanges, flange facing shall normally be
raised-face for Classes 150 through 2500.
3.8.1.2 Instrument air branch lines shall be taken from the top of the header.
3.8.1.3 Block valves shall be provided for branch connections less than
NPS 2 and shall be located at the header.
3.8.1.4 The main instrument air header size should be NPS 1-1/2, as a
minimum.
3.8.1.5 The instrument air supply to an individual user should be NPS 1/2, as
a minimum.
3.8.2 Plant Air
3.8.2.1 Plant air branch lines shall be taken from the top of the header.
3.8.2.2 Block valves shall be provided for branch connections less than
NPS 2 and shall be located both at the header and at the equipment.
3.8.3 Cooling Water
3.8.3.1 Block valves for every branch from cooling water supply and return
headers shall be located either at the header or at the equipment
being served.
3.8.3.2 Block valves shall not be provided in return lines operating at or
below atmospheric pressure unless needed for equipment or system
isolation.
3.8.3.3 If heat exchangers are provided with process isolation valves for
inspection and cleaning during plant operation, block valves shall be
provided in the cooling water inlet and outlet piping. In freezing
climates, an antifreeze bypass from the inlet to the outlet or other
means to prevent freezing shall be provided.
3.8.3.4 All aboveground cooling water supply and return branch lines shall
be connected to the top of the headers.
3.8.4 Utility Water
3.8.4.1 Utility water branch lines shall be taken from the top of the header.
3.8.4.2 Block valves shall be provided for branch connections less than
NPS 2 and shall be located both at the header and at the equipment.
3.8.5 Potable Water
3.8.5.1 Potable water shall not be connected to any other system unless
isolated in accordance with state and local requirements.
3.8.5.2 Connections to the potable water system shall be in accordance with
applicable ordinances and approved by the owner.
3.8.6 Steam and Steam Condensate Removal
3.8.6.1 Steam Headers
1. Steam headers shall run level or shall pitch downward in the
direction of steam flow.
3.8.7.4 Each utility line shall be provided with an isolation valve just
upstream of the specified hose connector at the termination.
3.8.7.5 Pressure bleed-off valves shall be provided for each utility line in
accordance with the owner’s requirements.
3.8.7.6 Each utility line shall have a service nameplate indicating the
service.
3.8.7.7 The utility pipe and the ends of hoses provided with the station shall
be color-coded.
3.8.7.8 Color-coding and type of connectors shall be in accordance with the
owner’s location standard.
3.8.7.9 Hose connections, where applicable, shall be positioned
approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) above finished plant grade or above
platform of multilevel equipment. The piping shall be securely
bolted to a supporting structure.
3.8.7.10 If an overhead system for water or steam is used in a freezing
climate, either an additional block valve shall be provide at the
header or other measures shall be taken to ensure that the piping is
protected against freezing.
3.8.7.11 Hose connections to nitrogen systems shall have special fittings to
provide positive segregation from the air system.
3.8.7.12 The nitrogen system shall have a check valve at each connection
and at each utility station to prevent the introduction of air or
hydrocarbons into the nitrogen system.
3.8.7.13 Other requirements for utility stations shall be provided in
accordance with the owner’s location standard.
3.8.8 Burner Fuel Piping
3.8.8.1 Burner fuel piping shall be in accordance with the following
requirements:
a. Piping for fuel oil with viscosity greater than 20 centistokes shall
be arranged for continuous circulation of the oil through the
headers.
b. Fuel gas supply piping shall be arranged to produce equal
distribution of flow and to permit condensate drainage, unless
dry gas is assured.
3.8.8.2 If a safety shutdown valve is required in fuel piping at furnaces or
fired heaters, the valve shall have remote and local shutoff capability
and shall be located in close proximity (i.e., within 50 feet
[15 meters]) to the equipment.
3.8.8.3 An emergency shutoff valve in fuel piping at furnaces or fired
heaters shall be provided at a safe distance (i.e., minimum of 50 feet
[15 meters]) from the equipment.