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A2 Chemistry Areas of Difficulty Misconceptions PDF
A2 Chemistry Areas of Difficulty Misconceptions PDF
Ca2+(g) + 2Br-(g)
∆Hsolution
• What to ignore.
• Calculations – do it in a table.
You must use equilibrium moles.
For Kc convert moles to concentrations.
For Kp convert moles to mole fraction to partial
pressure.
Question
10 mol of SO2 and 10 mol of O2 were allowed to reach
equilibrium under certain conditions in a vessel of
pressure 2.0 atm. 80% of the SO2 reacted. Calculate the
value of Kp under these conditions.
Initial moles 10 10 0
Equilibrium moles 10 - 8 = 2 10 - 4 = 6 8
Total moles 2 + 6 + 8 = 16
• Increase in temperature
For exothermic reactions K decreases.
For endothermic reactions K increases.
So fraction has to alter and so position moves.
• Increase in pressure
No effect on K, but fraction changed, so position shifts until
fraction again equals K.
• Catalyst
No effect on K nor on fraction.
Acid - base equilibrium
• pH = - lg[H+]
• pOH = - lg[OH-]
• pKa = - lg Ka
• Iodoform reaction.
Organic nitrogen compounds
• Amines
• Preparation from halogenoalkanes and from nitriles.
• Reaction with H+.
• Reaction with acid chlorides.
• Be able to write repeat unit for polyamides (and
polyesters).
• Amino acids
• Formula.
• Reactions with acids and with bases.
• Zwitterion and physical properties.
Reaction mechanisms
• Calculation of Ecell
• Your notes.