Section 6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass 369

Section 6.
6 Moments and Centers of Mass 369
(b) Applying the symmetry argument analogous to the one

used in Exercise 1, we find that x œ 0. The typical
vertical strip has the same parameters as in part (a).
Thus, M œ ' µ y dm œ ' $ a9 x# b dx
3
x
c3 #
œ #'
3
$
0 #
a9 x# b dx œ 2(9$ ) œ 18$ ;
M œ ' dm œ ' $ dA œ $ ' dA
œ $ (Area of a semi-circle of radius 3) œ $ ˆ 921 ‰ œ 91$
2 . Therefore, y œ
Mx
M œ (18$ ) ˆ 91$
2 ‰
œ 4
1 , the same y
as in part (a) Ê (xß y) œ 0ß 1 is the center of mass.
ˆ 4‰
11. Since the plate is symmetric about the line x œ y and its
density is constant, the distribution of mass is symmetric
about this line. This means that x œ y. The typical @/<>3-+6
strip has
center of mass: (µ x ßµ
È #
y ) œ Šxß 3 9 x ‹ , #
length: 3 È9 x# , width: dx,

area: dA œ Š3 È9 x# ‹ dx,
mass: dm œ $ dA œ $ Š3 È9 x# ‹ dx.
The moment about the x-axis is
Š3 È9 x# ‹ Š3 È9 x# ‹
µ dx. Thus, Mx œ '0
3
$ $ x# $ x# $ $ 9$
y dm œ $ # dx œ # c9 a9 x# bd dx œ # # dx œ 6 cx$ d ! œ # . The area
# 19
equals the area of a square with side length 3 minus one quarter the area of a disk with radius 3 Ê A œ 3 4
9$
œ 9
4 (4 1) Ê M œ $ A œ 4 (4 1). Therefore, y œ Mx
M œ ˆ 9#$ ‰ ’ 9$(44 1) “ œ 2
41 Ê (xß y) œ ˆ 4 2 1 ß 4 2 1 ‰ is the
center of mass.
12. Applying the symmetry argument analogous to the one used

in Exercise 1, we find that y œ 0. The typical @/<>3-+6 strip
"
x"$
has center of mass: (µ
x ßµ
y ) œ Œxß x$
# œ (xß 0),
"
length: x$ ˆ x"$ ‰ œ 2
x$ , width: dx, area: dA œ 2
x$ dx,
2$
mass: dm œ $ dA œ dx. The moment about the y-axis is
x$
µ x dm œ '1 2x$# dx
x dm œ x † 2x$$ dx œ 2x$# dx. Thus, My œ ' µ
a
; M œ ' dm œ '1
a
2$ (a1) $ aa# 1b
œ 2$ x" ‘ " œ 2$ ˆ "a 1‰ œ 2$
dx œ $ x"# ‘ " œ $ ˆ a"# 1‰ œ
a a
a x$ a# . Therefore,
œ ’ 2$(aa 1) “ ’ $ aa#a 1b “ œ
My #
xœ M
2a
a1 Ê (xß y) œ ˆ a 2a
1 ß 0 . Also, a lim
‰
Ä_
x œ 2.
y dm œ '1
Š x2# ‹
13. Mx œ ' µ
2
# † $ † ˆ x2# ‰ dx
œ '1 ˆ x"# ‰ ax# b ˆ x2# ‰ dx œ '1 dx œ 2'1 x# dx

2 2 2
2
x#
#
œ 2 cx" d " œ 2 ˆ "# ‰ (1)‘ œ 2 ˆ "# ‰ œ 1;
x dm œ '1 x † $ † ˆ x2# ‰ dx
My œ ' µ
2
œ '1 x ax# b ˆ x2# ‰ dx œ 2'1 x dx œ 2 ’ x# “

2 2 # #
"
œ 2 ˆ2 "# ‰ œ 4 1 œ 3; M œ ' dm œ '1 $ ˆ x2# ‰ dx œ '1 x# ˆ x2# ‰ dx œ 2'1 dx œ 2[x]"# œ 2(2 1) œ 2. So
2 2 2
"
Ê (xß y) œ ˆ 3# ß "# ‰ is the center of mass.
My
xœ M œ 3
# and y œ Mx
M œ #
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

370 Chapter 6 Applications of Definite Integrals
14. We use the @/<>3-+6 strip approach:

M œ'µ y dm œ ' ax x b ax x# b † $ dx
1 #
x
0 #
œ "
#
'0 ax# x% b † 12x dx
1
œ 6'0 ax$ x& b dx œ 6 ’ x4

1 % "
x'
6 “!
œ 6 ˆ "4 6" ‰ œ 6
4 1œ "
# ;
x dm œ '0 x ax x# b † $ dx œ '0 ax# x$ b † 12x dx œ 12'0 ax$ x% b dx œ 12 ’ x4

"
My œ ' µ
1 1 1 %
x&
5 “! œ 12 ˆ "4 5" ‰
; M œ ' dm œ '0 ax x# b † $ dx œ 12'0 ax# x$ b dx œ 12 ’ x3

1 1 $ "
x%
œ 12
#0 œ 3
5 4 “! œ 12 ˆ 3" 4" ‰ œ 12
12 œ 1. So
"
Ê ˆ 53 ß "# ‰ is the center of mass.
My
xœ M œ 3
5 and y œ Mx
M œ #
15. (a) We use the shell method: V œ 'a 21 ˆ radius ‹ dx œ '1 21x ’ È4x Š È4x ‹“ dx œ 161'1
b 4 4
shell ‰ shell x
Š height Èx dx
œ 161'1 x"Î# dx œ 161 23 x$Î# ‘ " œ 161 ˆ 23 † 8 32 ‰ œ

4 % 321 2241
3 (8 1) œ 3
"
(b) Since the plate is symmetric about the x-axis and its density $ (x) œ x is a function of x alone, the distribution of its
mass is symmetric about the x-axis. This means that y œ 0. We use the vertical strip approach to find x:
My œ ' µ x dm œ '1 x † ’ È4x Š È4x ‹“ † $ dx œ '1 x † È8x † x" dx œ 8'1 x"Î# dx œ 8 2x"Î# ‘ " œ 8(2 † 2 2) œ 16;
4 4 4 %
M œ ' dm œ '1 ’ È4x Š È ‹“ † $ dx œ 8'1 Š È"x ‹ ˆ "x ‰ dx œ 8'1 x$Î# dx œ 8 2x"Î# ‘ " œ 8[1 (2)] œ 8.
4
4 4 4 %
x
My
So x œ M œ 16
8 œ 2 Ê (xß y) œ (2ß 0) is the center of mass.
(c)
16. (a) We use the disk method: V œ 'a 1R# (x) dx œ '1 1 ˆ x4# ‰ dx œ 41'1 x# dx œ 41 x" ‘ " œ 41 "
b 4 4 %
4 (1)
‘
œ 1[1 4] œ 31
y dm œ '1
(b) We model the distribution of mass with vertical strips: Mx œ ' µ † ˆ x2 ‰ † $ dx œ '1
4 ˆ 2x ‰ 4
2
2
x# † Èx dx
œ 2'1 x$Î# dx œ 2 ’ È x dm œ '1 x † † $ dx œ 2'1 x"Î# dx œ 2 ’ 2x3 “ œ

% %
“ œ 2[1 (2)] œ 2; My œ ' µ
4 4 4 $Î#
2 2
x " x "
' dm œ ' x2 † $ dx œ 2' Èxx dx œ 2' x"Î# dx œ 2 2x"Î# ‘ %" œ 2(4 2) œ 4.

4 4 4
2 16
3 2‘
3 œ 28 3 ;Mœ 1 1 1
So
ˆ 28 ‰ "
Ê (xß y) œ ˆ 73 ß "# ‰ is the center of mass.
My
xœ M œ 4 œ 3 and
3 7
yœ Mx
M œ 2
4 œ #

Section 6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass 371
(c)
17. The mass of a horizontal strip is dm œ $ dA œ $ L dy, where L is the width of the triangle at a distance of y above
hy
its base on the x-axis as shown in the figure in the text. Also, by similar triangles we have L
b œ h
y dm œ '0 $ y ˆ bh ‰ (h y) dy œ
(h y). Thus, Mx œ ' µ '0h ahy y# b dy œ $hb ’ hy#
h # h
$b y$
Ê Lœ b
h h 3 “!
; M œ ' dm œ '0 $ ˆ hb ‰ (h y) dy œ '0h ah yb dy œ $hb ’hy y2 “ h

$ h #
$b h$ $ bh#
œ h Š h# 3‹ œ $ bh# ˆ "# 3" ‰ œ 6
$b
h !
$b h# $ bh #
œ h
#
Šh 2‹ œ 2 . So y œ Mx
M œ Š $bh ˆ 2 ‰
6 ‹ $ bh œ h
3 Ê the center of mass lies above the base of the
triangle one-third of the way toward the opposite vertex. Similarly the other two sides of the triangle can be
placed on the x-axis and the same results will occur. Therefore the centroid does lie at the intersection of the
medians, as claimed.
18. From the symmetry about the y-axis it follows that x œ 0.

It also follows that the line through the points (!ß !) and
(!ß $) is a median Ê y œ "3 (3 0) œ 1 Ê (xß y) œ (!ß ").
19. From the symmetry about the line x œ y it follows that

x œ y. It also follows that the line through the points (!ß !)
and ˆ "# ß "# ‰ is a median Ê y œ x œ 23 † ˆ "# 0‰ œ 3"
Ê (xß y) œ ˆ "3 ß 3" ‰ .
20. From the symmetry about the line x œ y it follows that

x œ y. It also follows that the line through the point (!ß !)
and ˆ #a ß #a ‰ is a median Ê y œ x œ 32 ˆ #a 0‰ œ "3 a
Ê (xß y) œ ˆ 3a ß 3a ‰ .
21. The point of intersection of the median from the vertex (0ß b)
to the opposite side has coordinates ˆ!ß #a ‰
Ê y œ (b 0) † "3 œ 3b and x œ ˆ #a !‰ † 32 œ 3a
Ê (xß y) œ ˆ 3a ß 3b ‰ .
22. From the symmetry about the line x œ a

# it follows that
xœ a
#. It also follows that the line through the points
ˆ #a ß !‰ and ˆ #a ß b‰ is a median Ê y œ "3 (b 0) œ 3b
Ê (xß y) œ ˆ #a ß b3 ‰ .

"
23. y œ x"Î# Ê dy œ # x"Î# dx
"
Ê ds œ È(dx)# (dy)# œ É1 4x dx ;
Mx œ $ '0 Èx É1
2
"
4x dx
œ $ '0 Éx
2 $Î# #
"
4 dx œ 2$
3 ’ˆx 4" ‰ “
!
2$ $Î# $Î#
œ 3 ’ˆ2 "4 ‰ ˆ 4" ‰ “
2$ ˆ 9 ‰$Î# $Î#
œ 3 ’ 4 ˆ 4" ‰ “œ 2$
3
"‰
8 8 œ
ˆ 27 13$
6
24. y œ x$ Ê dy œ 3x# dx
Ê dx œ É(dx)# a3x# dxb# œ È1 9x% dx;
Mx œ $ '0 x$ È1 9x% dx;

1
"
[u œ 1 9x% Ê du œ 36x$ dx Ê 36 du œ x$ dx;
x œ 0 Ê u œ 1, x œ 1 Ê u œ 10]
Ä Mx œ $ '1 32 u$Î# ‘ "! œ
10
" $ $
36 u"Î# du œ 36 " 54
ˆ10$Î# 1‰
25. From Example 4 we have Mx œ '0 a(a sin ))(k sin )) d) œ a# k'0 sin# ) d) œ '01 (1 cos 2)) d) œ a#k ) sin#2) ‘ !1
1 1
a# k #
#
œ a #k1 ; My œ '0 a(a cos ))(k sin )) d) œ a# k '0 sin ) cos ) d) œ a#k csin# )d ! œ 0; M œ '0 ak sin ) d) œ ak[ cos )]1!
# 1 1 1 1 #
#
œ Š a 2k1 ‹ ˆ 2ak
" ‰ a1
Ê ˆ!ß a41 ‰ is the center of mass.
My
œ 2ak. Therefore, x œ M œ 0 and y œ Mx
M œ 4
y dm œ '0 (a sin )) † $ † a d)
1
26. Mx œ ' µ
œ '0 aa# sin )b a1 k kcos )kb d)
1
œ a# '0 (sin ))(1 k cos )) d)

1Î2
a# '1Î2 (sin ))(1 k cos )) d)

1
œ a# '0 sin ) d) a# k'0 sin ) cos ) d) a# '1Î2 sin ) d) a# k '1Î2 sin ) cos ) d)
1Î2 1Î2 1 1
1Î# 1
1Î# # #
œ a# [ cos )]! a# k ’ sin# ) “ a# [ cos )]11Î# a# k ’ sin# ) “
! 1Î#
#
a# k
#
œ a [0 (1)] a #
k ˆ "#
0‰ a [(1) 0] a k ˆ0 œ a# a#k a# # # "‰
# # œ 2a# a# k œ a# (2 k);
x dm œ ' (a cos )) † $ † a d) œ ' aa# cos )b a1 k kcos )kb d)
1 1
M œ'µ
y
0 0
œ a '0 (cos ))(1 k cos )) d) a# '1Î2 (cos ))(1 k cos )) d)

1Î2 1
#
1Î2
œ a# '01Î2 cos ) d) a# k ' ˆ 1 cos
#
2) ‰
d) a# '1Î2 cos ) d) a# k'1Î2 ˆ 1 cos
1
#
2) ‰
d)
1
# 1Î# a# k sin 2) ‘ 1Î# a# k sin 2) ‘ 1

œ a [sin ) ]! #
) # !
a# [sin )]11Î# #
) # 1Î#
a# k ˆ 1# 0‰ (! 0)‘ a# (0 1) a# k (1 0) ˆ 1# 0‰‘ œ a# a# k1 a# k1
œ a# (1 0) # # 4 a# 4 œ 0;
M œ '0 $ † a d) œ a'0 (1 k kcos )k) d) œ a '0 (1 k cos )) d) a'1Î2 (1 k cos )) d)
1 1 1Î2 1
1Î#
œ a[) k sin )]! a[) k sin )]11Î# œ a ˆ 1# k‰ 0‘ a (1 0) ˆ 1# k‰‘
a1 a# (2 k) a(2 k)
ak a ˆ 1# k‰ œ a1 2ak œ a(1 2k). So x œ
My
œ # M œ 0 and y œ Mx
M œ a(1 #k) œ 1 #k
ka ‰
Ê ˆ0ß 2a
1 #k is the center of mass.

27. faxb œ x 6, gaxb œ x2 , faxb œ gaxb Ê x 6 œ x2

Ê x2 x 6 œ 0 Ê x œ 3, x œ 2; $ œ 1
M œ 'c2 cax 6b x2 ddx œ "# x2 6x 13 x3 ‘2
3 3
œ ˆ 92 18 9‰ ˆ2 12 83 ‰ œ 125
6
xœ 1
125Î6
'c32 xcax 6b x2 ddx œ 125
6 '
3
c2
cx2 6x x3 ddx
3
œ 6 1 3
125 3 x 3x2 14 x4 ‘2
œ 6 ˆ
125 9 27 81 ‰
4 125 3
6 ˆ 8
12 4‰ œ 12 ; y œ 1
125Î6
'c32 12 ’ax 6b2 ax2 b2 “dx œ 125
3 '
3
c2
cx2 12x 36 x4 ddx
1 5 ‘3
œ 125 3 x 6x 36x 5 x 2
3 1 3 2
œ 3 ˆ
125 9 54 108 243 ‰
5 125 3
3 ˆ 8
24 72 32 ‰
5 œ4
Ê ˆ 12 , 4‰ is the center of mass.
28. faxb œ 2, gaxb œ x2 ax 1b, faxb œ gaxb Ê 2 œ x2 ax 1b

Ê x3 x2 2 œ 0 Ê x œ 1; $ œ 1
M œ '0 c2 x2 ax 1bd dx œ '0 c2 x3 x2 d dx
1 1
1
œ 2x "4 x4 13 x3 ‘0 œ ˆ2 "
4 13 ‰ 0 œ 17
12
xœ 1
17Î12
'01 xc2 x2 ax 1bddx œ 1217 '01 c2x x4 x3 ddx
1
œ 12 2
17 x 15 x5 14 x4 ‘0
œ 12 ˆ
17 1 1
5 14 ‰ 0 œ 33
85 ; yœ 1
17Î12
'01 12 ’22 ax2 ax 1bb2 “dx œ 176 '01 c4 x6 2x5 x4 ddx
1
œ 6
17 4x 17 x7 13 x6 15 x5 ‘0 œ 6 ˆ
17 4 1
7 1
3 15 ‰ 0 œ 698
595 Ê ˆ 33
85 ,
698 ‰
595 is the center of mass.
29. faxb œ x2 , gaxb œ x2 ax 1b, faxb œ gaxb Ê x2 œ x2 ax 1b

Ê x3 2x2 œ 0 Ê x œ 0, x œ 2; $ œ 1
M œ '0 cx2 x2 ax 1bddx œ '0 c2x2 x3 ddx
2 2
2
œ 23 x3 "4 x4 ‘0 œ ˆ 16
3 4 0œ
‰ 4
3
xœ 1
4 Î3
'02 xcx2 x2 ax 1bddx œ 43 '02 c2x3 x4 ddx
2
œ 34 12 x4 5" x5 ‘0 œ 34 ˆ8 32 ‰
5 0 œ 56 ;
yœ 1
4 Î3
'02 12 ’ax2 b2 ax2 ax 1bb2 “dx œ 38 '02 c2x5 x6 ddx œ 38 13 x6 7" x7 ‘20 œ 38 ˆ 643 "728 ‰ 0 œ 78
Ê ˆ 65 , 87 ‰ is the center of mass.
30. faxb œ 2 sin x, gaxb œ 0, x œ 0, x œ 21; $ œ 1;

M œ '0 c2 sin xddx œ c2x cos xd201
21
œ a41 1b a0 1b œ 41
xœ 1
41
'021 xc2 sin x 0ddx œ 411 '021 c2x x sin xddx
œ 1
41
'021 2x dx 411 '021 x sin xdx
2 21
œ 1
4 1 cx d 0 1
41 csin x x cos xd201
œ 4 1 a 41 b
1 2
0 1
4 1 a0 21b 0 œ 21 1
2 ; yœ 1
41
'021 21 ’a2 sin xb2 a0b2 “dx œ 811 '021 c4 4 sin x sin2 xddx
œ 1
81
'021 c4 4 sin xddx 811 '021 csin2 xddx œ 811 '021 c4 4 sin xddx 811 '021 1 cos
2
2x ‘
dx
œ 1
81 c4x 4cos x d201 1
161
'021 dx 1611 '021 cos 2x dx [u œ 2x Ê du œ 2dx, x œ 0 Ê u œ 0, x œ 21 Ê u œ 41]

Ä 21 21
81 c4x 4cos xd0 161 cxd0 321
1 1 1 '041 cos u du œ 811 c4x 4cos xd201 1611 cxd201 3211 csin ud401
œ 81 a81 4b 81 a0 4b 161 a21b
1 1 1
00œ 9
8 Ê ˆ 212 1 , 89 ‰ is the center of mass.
31. Consider the curve as an infinite number of line segments joined together. From the derivation of arc length we have that
the length of a particular segment is ds œ Éadxb# adyb# . This implies that Mx œ ' $ y ds, My œ ' $ x ds and
' x ds ' x ds ' y ds ' y ds
M œ ' $ ds. If $ is constant, then x œ
My
M œ ' ds œ length and y œ Mx
M œ ' ds œ length .
32. Applying the symmetry argument analogous to the one used in Exercise 1, we find that x œ 0. The typical vertical strip
x#
has center of mass: (µ
x ßµ
a x# x#
y ) œ Œxß 2 4p , length: a 4p , width: dx, area: dA œ Ša 4p ‹ dx, mass: dm œ $ dA
Èpa
œ $ Ša x#
4p ‹ y dm œ 'c2Èpa "# Ša
dx. Thus, Mx œ ' µ
2
x#
4p ‹ Ša x#
4p ‹ $ dx œ $
#
'c22ÈÈpapa Ša# 16p
x %
‹ dx #
$ x&
#Èpa
x&
2 Èpa 2& p# a# Èpa
œ ’a# x 80p# “ c2 pa œ 2 † #$ ’a# x 80p# “ 0 œ $ Š2a# Èpa ‹ œ 2a# $ Èpa ˆ1 16 ‰ "6 ‰
œ 2a# $ Èpa ˆ 8080
# È 80p# 80
Èpa Èpa Èpa
; M œ ' dm œ $ 'c2Èpa Ša
8a# $Èpa 2
x# x$
2
x$
2
œ 2a# $ Èpa ˆ 64
80 œ
‰ 4p ‹ dx œ $ ’ax 12p “ c2 pa œ 2 † $ ’ax 12p “ !
5 È
2$ paÈpa 8a$ Èpa 8a# $ Èpa
œ 2$ Š2aÈpa 12p ‹ œ 4a$ Èpa ˆ1 4 ‰
12 œ 4a$ Èpa ˆ 121#4 ‰ œ 3 . So y œ Mx
M œŠ 5
3
‹ Š 8a$È pa ‹
œ 3
5 a, as claimed.
33. The centroid of the square is located at (#ß #). The volume is V œ (21) ayb (A) œ (21)(2)(8) œ 321 and the surface area is
S œ (21) ayb (L) œ (21)(2) Š4È8‹ œ 32È21 (where È8 is the length of a side).
34. The midpoint of the hypotenuse of the triangle is ˆ 3# ß 3‰

Ê y œ 2x is an equation of the median Ê the line
y œ 2x contains the centroid. The point ˆ 3# ß $‰ is
3È 5
# units from the origin Ê the x-coordinate of the
#
centroid solves the equation Éˆx 3# ‰ (2x 3)#
È5
œ # Ê ˆx# 3x 94 ‰ a4x# 12x 9b œ 5
4
Ê 5x# 15x 9 œ 1
Ê x# 3x 2 œ (x 2)(x 1) œ 0 Ê x œ 1 since the centroid must lie inside the triangle Ê y œ 2. By the
Theorem of Pappus, the volume is V œ (distance traveled by the centroid)(area of the region) œ 21 a5 xb "# (3)(6)‘
œ (21)(4)(9) œ 721
35. The centroid is located at (#ß !) Ê V œ (21) axb (A) œ (21)(2)(1) œ 41#
36. We create the cone by revolving the triangle with vertices

(0ß 0), (hß r) and (hß 0) about the x-axis (see the accompanying
figure). Thus, the cone has height h and base radius r. By
Theorem of Pappus, the lateral surface area swept out by the
hypotenuse L is given by S œ 21yL œ 21 ˆ #r ‰ Èh# r#
œ 1rÈr# h# . To calculate the volume we need the position
of the centroid of the triangle. From the diagram we see that
#
the centroid lies on the line y œ r
2h x. The x-coordinate of the centroid solves the equation É(x h)# ˆ 2hr x #r ‰

" r# # # # #
r# 2 ar# 4h# b
œ 3
Éh# 4 Ê Š 4h4h# r ‹ x# Š 4h 2h r ‹ x 4 9 œ0 Ê xœ 2h
3 or 4h
3 Ê xœ 2h
3 , since the centroid must lie
inside the triangle Ê y œ r
2h xœ r
3. By the Theorem of Pappus, V œ 21 ˆ 3r ‰‘ ˆ "# hr‰ œ "
3 1r# h.
37. S œ 21 y L Ê 41a# œ a21yb (1a) Ê y œ 2a

1, and by symmetry x œ 0
38. S œ 213 L Ê 21 ˆa 2a ‰‘

1 (1a) œ 21a# (1 2)
39. V œ 21 yA Ê 4
3 1ab# œ a21yb ˆ 1#ab ‰ Ê y œ 4b
31 and by symmetry x œ 0
4a ‰‘ 1a# 1a$ (31 4)

40. V œ 213A Ê V œ 21 ˆa 31 Š # ‹ œ 3
41. V œ 213 A œ (21)(area of the region) † (distance from the centroid to the line y œ x a). We must find the distance from
ˆ0ß 31
4a ‰
to y œ x a. The line containing the centroid and perpendicular to y œ x a has slope 1 and contains the point
ˆ!ß 31 ‰ . This line is y œ x 34a1 . The intersection of y œ x a and y œ x 34a1 is the point ˆ 4a 613a1 ß 4a 613a1 ‰ . Thus,
4a
# 3a1 ‰# È2 (4a 3a1)

the distance from the centroid to the line y œ x a is Éˆ 4a 613a1 ‰ ˆ 34a1 4a
61 61 œ 61
È2 (4a 3a1) # È2 1a$ (4 31)
Ê V œ (21) Š 61 ‹ Š 1#a ‹ œ 6
42. The line perpendicular to y œ x a and passing through the centroid ˆ!ß 2a
1 has equation y œ x
‰ 2a
1. The intersection
2a a1 2a a1
of the two perpendicular lines occurs when x a œ x 2a
1 Ê xœ 21 Ê yœ 21 . Thus the distance from the
# 2a ‰# a(21)
centroid to the line y œ x a is Éˆ 2a 2 1a 0‰ ˆ 2a 2 1a # œ È 21 . Therefore, by the Theorem of Pappus the
1 )
surface area is S œ 21 ’ a(2
È “ (1a) œ È21a# (2 1).
21
43. If we revolve the region about the y-axis: r œ a, h œ b Ê A œ 12 ab, V œ 13 1 a2 bß and 3 œ x. By the Theorem of Pappus:
3 1 a b œ 21 x 2 ab Ê x œ 3 ; If we revolve the region about the x-axis: r œ b, h œ a Ê A œ 2 ab, V œ 3 1 b aß and
1 2 ˆ1 ‰ a 1 1 2
3 œ y. By the Theorem of Pappus: 13 1 b2 a œ 21 y ˆ 12 ab‰ Ê y œ b

3 Ê ˆ 3a , 3b ‰ is the center of mass.
44. Let Oa0, 0b, Paa, cb, and Qaa, bb be the vertices of the given triangle. If we revolve the region about the x-axis: Let R be
the point Raa, 0b. The volume is given by the volume of the outer cone, radius œ RP œ c, minus the volume of the inner
cone, radius œ RQ œ b, thus V œ 13 1 c2 a 13 1 b2 a œ 13 1 aac2 b2 b, the area is given by the area of triangle OPR minus
area of triangle OQR, A œ "# ac "# ab œ "# aac bb, and 3 œ y. By the Theorem of Pappus: 13 1 aac2 b2 b
œ 21 y ’ "# aac bb“ Ê y œ cb
3 ; If we revolve the region about the y-axis: Let S and T be the points Sa0, cb and Ta0, bb,
respectively. Then the volume is the volume of the cylinder with radius OR œ a and height RP œ c, minus the sum of the
volumes of the cone with radius œ SP œ a and height œ OS œ c and the portion of the cylinder with height œ OT œ b and
radius œ TQ œ a with a cone of height œ OT œ b and radius œ TQ œ a removed. Thus
V œ 1 a2 c ’ 13 1 a2 c ˆ1 a2 , 13 1 a2 b‰“ œ 23 1 a2 c 23 1 a2 b œ 23 1 a2 aa bb. The area of the triangle is the same as
before, A œ "# ac "# ab œ "# aac bb, and 3 œ x. By the Theorem of Pappus: 23 1 a2 aa bb œ 21 x ’ "# aac bb“
2aaa bb aa b b cb
Êxœ 3 ac b b Ê Š 2a
3 ac b b , 2 ‹ is the center of mass.

CHAPTER 6 PRACTICE EXERCISES
#
1. A(x) œ 14 (diameter)# œ 14 ˆÈx x# ‰
œ 14 ˆx 2Èx † x# x% ‰ ; a œ 0, b œ 1
Ê V œ 'a A(x) dx œ '01 ˆx 2x&Î# x% ‰ dx
b
1
4
# "
1 x& 1 ˆ "#
œ 4 ’ x# 74 x(Î# 5 “! œ 4
4
7 5" ‰
1 91
œ 4†70 (35 40 14) œ 280
È3
2. A(x) œ "
# (side)# ˆsin 13 ‰ œ 4
ˆ2Èx x‰#
È3
œ 4
ˆ4x 4xÈx x# ‰ ; a œ 0, b œ 4
Ê V œ 'a A(x) dx œ '04 ˆ4x 4x$Î# x# ‰ dx

b È3
4
È3 % È3
x$ 8†32
œ 4 ’2x# 58 x&Î# 3 !“ œ 4
ˆ32 5 64 ‰
3
32È3 8È 3 8È 3
œ 4
ˆ1 8
5 32 ‰ œ 15 (15 24 10) œ 15
1 1
3. A(x) œ 4 (diameter)# œ 4 (2 sin x 2 cos x)#
1
œ 4 † 4 asin# x 2 sin x cos x cos# xb
1 51
œ 1(1 sin 2x); a œ 4 ,bœ 4
Ê V œ 'a A(x) dx œ 1 '1Î4 (1 sin 2x) dx

b 51Î4
cos 2x ‘ &1Î%
œ 1 x # 1Î%
cos 5#1 cos 1#
œ 1 ’Š 541 # ‹ Š 14 # ‹“ œ 1#
# # %
4. A(x) œ (edge)# œ ŒŠÈ6 Èx‹ 0 œ ŠÈ6 Èx‹ œ 36 24È6 Èx 36x 4È6 x$Î# x# ;
a œ 0, b œ 6 Ê V œ 'a A(x) dx œ '0 Š36 24È6 Èx 36x 4È6 x$Î# x# ‹ dx

b 6
'
x$ 6$
œ ’36x 24È6 † 23 x$Î# 18x# 4È6 † 25 x&Î# 3 “! œ 216 16 † È6 È6 † 6 18 † 6# 58 È6 È6 † 6# 3
1800 1728
œ 216 576 648 1728
5 72 œ 360 1728
5 œ 5 œ 72
5
a œ 0, b œ 4 Ê V œ 'a A(x) dx
# b
1 1 x# 1 x%
5. A(x) œ 4 (diameter)# œ 4 Š2Èx 4‹ œ 4 Š4x x&Î# 16 ‹ ;
œ 1
4
'04 Š4x x&Î# 16x ‹ dx œ 14 ’2x# 27 x(Î# 5x†16 “ % œ 14 ˆ32 32 † 87 25 † 32‰
% &
!
321 81 721
œ 4
ˆ1 8
7 52 ‰ œ 35 (35 40 14) œ 35
È3
6. A(x) œ "
# (edge)# sin ˆ 13 ‰ œ 4
2Èx ˆ2Èx‰‘#
È3
œ 4
ˆ4Èx‰# œ 4È3 x; a œ 0, b œ 1
Ê V œ 'a A(x) dx œ '0 4È3 x dx œ ’2È3 x# “

b 1 "
!
œ 2È3

Chapter 6 Practice Exercises 377
7. (a) .3=5 7/>29. :

V œ 'a 1R# (x) dx œ 'c1 1 a3x% b dx œ 1 'c1 9x) dx
b 1 1
#
"
œ 1 cx* d " œ 21
(b) =2/66 7/>29. :

V œ 'a 21 ˆ radius ‹ dx œ '0 21x a3x% b dx œ 21 † 3'0 x& dx œ 21 † 3 ’ x6 “ œ 1
b 1 1 ' "
shell ‰ shell
Š height
!
Note: The lower limit of integration is 0 rather than 1.
(c) =2/66 7/>29. :
V œ 'a 21 ˆ radius ‹ dx œ 21'c1 (1 x) a3x% b dx œ 21 ’ 3x5
b 1 & "
x'
shell ‰ shell
Š height 2 “ " œ 21 ˆ 35 "# ‰ ˆ 35 "# ‰‘ œ 121
5
(d) A+=2/< 7/>29. :

R(x) œ 3, r(x) œ 3 3x% œ 3 a1 x% b Ê V œ 'a 1 cR# (x) r# (x)d dx œ 'c1 1 ’9 9 a1 x% b “ dx
b 1
#
œ 91 'c1 c1 a1 2x% x) bd dx œ 91 'c1 a2x% x) b dx œ 91 ’ 2x5

1 1 & "
x*
9 “ " œ 181 25 "9 ‘ œ 21†13
5 œ 261
5
8. (a) A+=2/< 7/>29. :

Ê V œ 'a 1cR# (x) r# (x)d dx œ '1 1 ’ˆ x4$ ‰ ˆ "# ‰ “ dx œ 1 16
b # # 2 #
" &
R(x) œ 4
x$ , r(x) œ # 5 x x4 ‘ "
œ 1 ˆ 5†16 "‰ ˆ 16 " ‰‘ œ 1 ˆ 10
32 # 5 4
"
"
# 16
5 4" ‰ œ 1
20 (2 10 64 5) œ 571
#0
(b) =2/66 7/>29. :
V œ 21'1 x ˆ x4$ "# ‰ dx œ 21 ’4x"
2 #
x#
4 “" œ 21 ˆ 4# 1‰ ˆ4 4" ‰‘ œ 21 ˆ 54 ‰ œ 51
#
(c) =2/66 7/>29. :

V œ 21'a ˆ radius ‹ dx œ 21'1 (2 x) ˆ x4$ "# ‰ dx œ 21'1 ˆ x8$
b 2 2
shell ‰ shell
Š height 4
x# 1 x# ‰ dx
#
x#
œ 21 ’ x4# 4
x x 4 “" œ 21 (1 2 2 1) ˆ4 4 1 4" ‰‘ œ 31
#
(d) A+=2/< 7/>29. :

V œ 'a 1cR# (x) r# (x)d dx
b
œ 1 '1 ’ˆ 7# ‰ ˆ4
2 # 4 ‰#
x$ “ dx
161'1 a1 2x$ x' b dx

2
491
œ 4
#
491 x &
œ 4 161 ’x x# 5 “"
491
œ 4 161 ˆ2 4" 5†"3# ‰ ˆ1 1 5" ‰‘
491
œ 4 161 ˆ 4" 160
"
5" ‰
491 161 491 711 1031
œ 4 160 (40 1 32) œ 4 10 œ 20
9. (a) .3=5 7/>29. :

V œ 1 '1 ŠÈx 1‹ dx œ 1'1 (x 1) dx œ 1 ’ x# x“
5 # # 5 &
"
œ 1 ˆ 25 ‰ ˆ"
# 5 # 1
‰‘ œ 1 ˆ 24
# 4 œ 81
‰
(b) A+=2/< 7/>29. :
R(y) œ 5, r(y) œ y# 1 Ê V œ 'c 1 cR# (y) r# (y)d dy œ 1 'c2 ’25 ay# 1b “ dy
d 2
#
œ 1'c2 a25 y% 2y# 1b dy œ 1 'c2 a24 y% 2y# b dy œ 1 ’24y

2 2 #
y&
5 32 y$ “ œ 21 ˆ24 † 2 32
5 2
3 † 8‰
#

œ 321 ˆ3 2
5 "3 ‰ œ 321
15 (45 6 5) œ 10881
15
(c) .3=5 7/>29. :
R(y) œ 5 ay# 1b œ 4 y#
Ê V œ 'c 1R# (y) dy œ 'c2 1 a4 y# b dy
d 2
#
œ 1 'c2 a16 8y# y% b dy

2
#
8y$ y&
œ 1 ’16y 3 5 “ # œ 21 ˆ32 64
3 32 ‰
5
œ 641 ˆ1 2
3 "5 ‰ œ 641
15 (15 10 3) œ 5121
15
10. (a) =2/66 7/>29. :

V œ 'c 21 ˆ radius ‹ dy œ '0 21y Šy
d 4
shell ‰ shell y#
Š height 4‹ dy
œ 21'0 Šy#
4 %
y$ $
y%
4‹ dy œ 21 ’ y3 16 “ ! œ 21 ˆ 64
3
64 ‰
4
21 321
œ 1# † 64 œ 3
(b) =2/66 7/>29. :

V œ 'a 21 ˆ radius ‹ dx œ '0 21x ˆ2Èx x‰ dx œ 21'0 ˆ2x$Î# x# ‰ dx œ 21 ’ 45 x&Î#
b 4 4 %
shell ‰ shell x$
Š height 3 “!
1281
œ 21 ˆ 45 † 32 64 ‰
3 œ 15
(c) =2/66 7/>29. :
V œ 'a 21 ˆ radius ‹ dx œ '0 21(4 x) ˆ2Èx x‰ dx œ 21'0 ˆ8x"Î# 4x 2x$Î# x# ‰ dx
b 4 4
shell ‰ shell
Š height
%
$Î# x$
œ 21 ’ 16
3 x 2x# 54 x&Î# 3 “! œ 21 ˆ 16
3 † 8 32
4
5 † 32 64 ‰
3 œ 641 ˆ 34 1 4
5 32 ‰
641
œ 641 ˆ1 45 ‰ œ 5
(d) =2/66 7/>29. :
V œ 'c 21 ˆ radius ‹ dy œ '0 21(4 y) Šy dy œ 21'0 Š4y y# y#
d 4 4
shell ‰ shell y# y$
Š height 4‹ 4‹ dy
œ 21'0 Š4y 2y#

4 %
y$ y% 321
4‹ dy œ 21 ’2y# 32 y$ 16 “ ! œ 21 ˆ32 2
3 † 64 16‰ œ 321 ˆ2 8
3 1‰ œ 3
11. .3=5 7/>29. :

1 Š3È31‹
Ê V œ 1 '0 tan# x dx œ 1'0 asec# x 1b dx œ 1[tan x x]!
1Î3 1Î3
1 1Î$
R(x) œ tan x, a œ 0, b œ 3 œ 3
12. .3=5 7/>29. :

V œ 1'0 (2 sin x)# dx œ 1 '0 a4 4 sin x sin# xb dx œ 1'0 ˆ4 4 sin x
1 1 1
1cos 2x ‰
# dx
sin 2x ‘ 1 1
œ 1 4x 4 cos x x
# 4 !
œ 1 ˆ41 4 # 0‰ (0 4 0 0)‘ œ 1 ˆ # 8‰ œ 1#
9 1
(91 16)
13. (a) .3=5 7/>29. :

V œ 1'0 ax# 2xb dx œ 1'0 ax% 4x$ 4x# b dx œ 1 ’ x5 x% 34 x$ “ œ 1 ˆ 32
2
# 2 & #
5 16
32 ‰
! 3
161 161
œ 15 (6 15 10) œ 15
(b) A+=2/< 7/>29. :
V œ '0 1’1# ax# 2x "b “ dx œ '0 1 dx '0 1 ax "b% dx œ #1 ’1
#
ax"b&
2 2 2
# # )1
& “! œ #1 1 † & œ &
(c) =2/66 7/>29. :

V œ 'a 21 ˆ radius ‹ dx œ 21'0 (2 x) c ax# 2xbd dx œ 21'0 (2 x) a2x x# b dx
b 2 2
shell ‰ shell
Š height

œ 21'0 a4x 2x# 2x# x$ b dx œ 21'0 ax$ 4x# 4xb dx œ 21 ’ x4 34 x$ 2x# “ œ 21 ˆ4

2 2 % #
32
3 8‰
!
21 81
œ 3 (36 32) œ 3
(d) A+=2/< 7/>29. :
V œ 1 '0 c2 ax# 2xbd dx 1'0 2# dx œ 1'0 ’4 4 ax# 2xb ax# 2xb “ dx 81
2 2 2
# #
œ 1'0 a4 4x# 8x x% 4x$ 4x# b dx 81 œ 1'0 ax% 4x$ 8x 4b dx 81

2 2
& #
1 721 401 321
œ 1 ’ x5 x% 4x# 4x“ 81 œ 1 ˆ 32
5 16 16 8 81 œ
‰ 5 (32 40) 81 œ 5 5 œ 5
!
14. .3=5 7/>29. :

V œ 21'0 4 tan# x dx œ 81'0 asec# x 1b dx œ 81[tan x x]!
1Î4 1Î4
1Î%
œ 21(4 1)
15. The material removed from the sphere consists of a cylinder

and two "caps." From the diagram, the height of the cylinder
#
is 2h, where h# ŠÈ$‹ œ ## , i.e. h œ ". Thus
#
Vcyl œ a#hb1ŠÈ$‹ œ '1 ft$ . To get the volume of a cap,
use the disk method and x# y# œ ## : Vcap œ '" 1x# dy

2
œ '" 1a% y# bdy œ 1’%y

2 #
y3
3 “"
œ 1ˆ8 83 ‰ ˆ% 3" ‰‘ œ &1

3 ft$ . Therefore,
"!1 #)1
Vremoved œ Vcyl #Vcap œ '1 3 œ 3 ft$ .
4x# ‰
16. We rotate the region enclosed by the curve y œ É12 ˆ1 121 and the x-axis around the x-axis. To find the
11Î2 # 11Î2
volume we use the .3=5 method: V œ 'a 1R# (x) dx œ 'c11Î2 1 ŠÉ12 ˆ1 dx œ 1 '
b
4x# ‰ 4x#
121 ‹ 11Î2
12 Š1 121 ‹ dx
œ 121'c11Î2 Š1
11Î2 ""Î# $
4x# 4x$ #
121 ‹ dx œ 121 ’x 363 “ ""Î# œ 241 ’ 11
2 363
ˆ 4 ‰ ˆ 11
#
‰ “ œ 1321 ’1 ˆ 363
4 ‰ 11
Š 4 ‹“
œ 1321 ˆ1 "3 ‰ œ 2641

3 œ 881 ¸ 276 in$
ˆ x" 2 x‰ Ê L œ ' É1 4" ˆ x" 2 x‰ dx

# 4
x$Î# "
17. y œ x"Î# 3 Ê dy
dx œ # x"Î# "# x"Î# Ê Š dy
dx ‹ œ
"
4 1
Ê L œ '1 É 4" ˆ x" 2 x‰ dx œ '1 É 4" ax"Î# x"Î# b dx œ '1 2x"Î# 23 x$Î# ‘ %
4 4 4
# " "
#
ˆx"Î# x"Î# ‰ dx œ # "
" "
œ #
ˆ4 2
3 † 8‰ ˆ2 23 ‰‘ œ #
ˆ2 14 ‰
3 œ 10
3
Ê L œ '1 Ê1 Š dy ‹ dy œ '1 É1
# #
4y #Î$
8 8
18. x œ y#Î$ Ê dx
dy œ 2
3 y"Î$ Ê Š dx
dy ‹ œ 9
dx 4
9y#Î$
dy
œ '1 '18 È9y#Î$ 4 ˆy"Î$ ‰ dy; u œ 9y#Î$ 4 Ê du œ 6y"Î$ dy; y œ 1 Ê u œ 13,

8 È9y#Î$ 4 "
3y"Î$
dy œ 3
y œ 8 Ê u œ 40d Ä L œ "
18
'1340 u"Î# du œ 18" 32 u$Î# ‘ %!
"$
œ #"7 40$Î# 13$Î# ‘ ¸ 7.634
#
"
19. y œ 5
12 x'Î& 58 x%Î& Ê dy
dx œ # x"Î& "# x"Î& Ê Š dx
dy
‹ œ "
4
ˆx#Î& 2 x#Î& ‰
Ê L œ '1 É1 "4 ax#Î& 2 x#Î& b dx Ê L œ '1 É 4" ax#Î& 2 x#Î& b dx œ ' É 4" ax"Î& x"Î& b dx
32 32 32
#

œ '1
32
" " 5 $# " "
#
ˆx"Î& x"Î& ‰ dx œ # 6 x'Î& 45 x%Î& ‘ " œ #
ˆ 65 † 2' 5
4 † 2% ‰ ˆ 56 54 ‰‘ œ # 6
ˆ 315 75 ‰
4
"
œ 48 (1260 450) œ 1710
48 œ 285
8
Ê L œ '1 Ê1 Š 16
# 2
" " " " " " " " % " "
20. x œ 1# y$ y Ê dx
dy œ 4 y# y# Ê Š dx
dy ‹ œ 16 y% # y%
y # y% ‹
dy
œ '1 É 16 dy œ '1 ÊŠ 4" y# dy œ '1 Š 4" y#

2 2 # 2 #
" % " " " "
y # y% y# ‹ y# ‹ dy œ ’ 1"# y$ y" “
"
œ ˆ 12
8
"# ‰ ˆ 1"# 1‰ œ 7
1# "
# œ 13
12
21. S œ 'a 21y Ê1 Š dy Ê S œ '0 21È2x 1 É1

b # # 3
" " "
dx ‹ dx;
dy
dx œ È2x 1 Ê Š dy
dx ‹ œ #x 1 #x 1 dx
œ 21'0 È2x 1 É 2x È ' Èx 1 dx œ 2È21 2 (x 1)$Î# ‘ $ œ 2È21 † 2 (8 1) œ 281È2

3 3
2
2x1 dx œ 2 21 0 3 ! 3 3
22. S œ 'a 21y Ê1 Š dy ' '01 È1 x% a4x$ b dx

b # # 1
x$ 1
dx ‹ dx;
dy
dx œ x# Ê Š dy %
dx ‹ œ x Ê S œ 0 21 † 3
È1 x% dx œ
6
œ 1
6
'01 È1 x% d a1 x% b œ 16 ’ 32 a1 x% b$Î# “ " œ 19 ’2È2 1“
!
23. S œ 'c 21x Ê1 Š dx

d # ˆ "# ‰ (4 2y) #
2y 4y y# 4 4y y#
dy ‹ dy;
dx
dy œ È4y y# œ È4y y# Ê 1 Š dx
dy ‹ œ 4y y# œ 4
4y y#
Ê S œ '1 21 È4y y# É 4y 4 y# dy œ 41'1 dx œ 41

2 2
24. S œ 'c 21x Ê1 Š dx Ê S œ '2 21Èy †

d # # 6 È4y 1
" 4y 1
dy ‹ dy;
dx
dy œ 1
2È y Ê 1 Š dx
dy ‹ œ 1 4y œ 4y È4y dy
œ 1'2 È4y 1 dy œ 32 (4y 1)$Î# ‘ ' œ

6
1 1 1 491
4 # 6 (125 27) œ 6 (98) œ 3
25. The equipment alone: the force required to lift the equipment is equal to its weight Ê F" (x) œ 100 N.
The work done is W" œ 'a F" (x) dx œ '0 100 dx œ [100x]%!
b 40
! œ 4000 J; the rope alone: the force required

to lift the rope is equal to the weight of the rope paid out at elevation x Ê F# (x) œ 0.8(40 x). The work
done is W# œ 'a F# (x) dx œ '0 0.8(40 x) dx œ 0.8 ’40x
b 40 %!
x# 40#
# “! œ 0.8 Š40# # ‹ œ (0.8)(1600)
# œ 640 J;
the total work is W œ W" W# œ 4000 640 œ 4640 J
26. The force required to lift the water is equal to the water's weight, which varies steadily from 8 † 800 lb to
8 † 400 lb over the 4750 ft elevation. When the truck is x ft off the base of Mt. Washington, the water weight is
lb. The work done is W œ 'a F(x) dx
b
F(x) œ 8 † 800 † ˆ 2†24750 x‰
†4750 œ (6400) ˆ1 x ‰
9500
œ '0
4750 %(&!
x# 4750#
6400 ˆ1 x ‰
9500 dx œ 6400 ’x 2†9500 “ ! œ 6400 Š4750 4†4750 ‹ œ ˆ 34 ‰ (6400)(4750)
œ 22,800,000 ft † lb
27. Force constant: F œ kx Ê 20 œ k † 1 Ê k œ 20 lb/ft; the work to stretch the spring 1 ft is

W œ '0 kx dx œ k'0 x dx œ ’20 x# “ œ 10 ft † lb; the work to stretch the spring an additional foot is
1 1 # "
W œ '1 kx dx œ k '1 x dx œ 20 ’ x# “ œ 20 ˆ 4# "# ‰ œ 20 ˆ 3# ‰ œ 30 ft † lb

2 2 # #
"

28. Force constant: F œ kx Ê 200 œ k(0.8) Ê k œ 250 N/m; the 300 N force stretches the spring x œ F
k
œ 1.2 m; the work required to stretch the spring that far is then W œ '0 F(x) dx œ '0 250x dx
1Þ2 1Þ2
œ 300
250
œ [125x# ]!"Þ# œ 125(1.2)# œ 180 J
29. We imagine the water divided into thin slabs by planes

perpendicular to the y-axis at the points of a partition of the
interval [0ß 8]. The typical slab between the planes at y and
y ?y has a volume of about ?V œ 1(radius)# (thickness)
#
œ 1 ˆ 54 y‰ ?y œ 25161 y# ?y ft$ . The force F(y) required to
lift this slab is equal to its weight: F(y) œ 62.4 ?V
œ (62.4)(25)
16 1y# ?y lb. The distance through which F(y)
must act to lift this slab to the level 6 ft above the top is
about (6 8 y) ft, so the work done lifting the slab is about ?W œ (62.4)(25)
16 1y# (14 y) ?y ft † lb. The work done
lifting all the slabs from y œ 0 to y œ 8 to the level 6 ft above the top is approximately
8
W¸! (62.4)(25)
16 1y# (14 y) ?y ft † lb so the work to pump the water is the limit of these Riemann sums as the norm of
!
the partition goes to zero: W œ '0 '08 a14y# y$ b dy œ (62.4) ˆ 25161 ‰ ’ 143 y$ y4 “ )
8 %
(62.4)(25)1
(62.4)(25)
(16) 1y# (14 y) dy œ 16 !
8%
œ (62.4) ˆ 25161 ‰ Š 14 $
3 †8 4‹ ¸ 418,208.81 ft † lb
30. The same as in Exercise 29, but change the distance through which F(y) must act to (8 y) rather than (6 8 y). Also
change the upper limit of integration from 8 to 5. The integral is:W œ '0
5
(62.4)(25)1
16 y# (8 y) dy
œ (62.4) ˆ 25161 ‰'0 a8y# y$ b dy œ (62.4) ˆ 25161 ‰ ’ 83 y$

5 &
y% 5%
4 “! œ (62.4) ˆ 25161 ‰ Š 83 † 5$ 4‹ ¸ 54,241.56 ft † lb
31. The tank's cross section looks like the figure in Exercise 29 with right edge given by x œ 5
10 y œ y# . A typical horizontal
# 1
slab has volume ?V œ 1(radius)# (thickness) œ 1 ˆ #y ‰ ?y œ 4 y# ?y. The force required to lift thisslab is its weight:
1
F(y) œ 60 † 4 y# ?y. The distance through which F(y) must act is (2 10 y) ft, so the work to pump the liquid is
W œ 60'0 1a12 ybŠ y4 ‹dy œ 151 ’ 12y

10 # $ "!
y%
3 4 “! œ 22,5001 ft † lb; the time needed to empty the tank is
22,5001 ft†lb
275 ft†lb/sec ¸ 257 sec
32. A typical horizontal slab has volume about ?V œ (20)(2x)?y œ (20) ˆ2È16 y# ‰ ?y and the force required to lift this
slab is its weight F(y) œ (57)(20) ˆ2È16 y# ‰ ?y. The distance through which F(y) must act is (6 4 y) ft, so the
work to pump the olive oil from the half-full tank is W œ 57'c4 (10 y)(20) ˆ2È16 y# ‰ dy
0
œ 2880 'c4 10È16 y# dy 1140'c4 a16 y# b (2y) dy

0 0
"Î#
$Î# !
œ 22,800 † (area of a quarter circle having radius 4) 23 (1140) ’a16 y# b “ œ (22,800)(41) 48,640
%
œ 335,153.25 ft † lb

33. Intersection points: 3 x# œ 2x# Ê 3x# 3 œ 0

Ê 3(x 1)(x 1) œ 0 Ê x œ 1 or x œ 1. Symmetry
suggests that x œ 0. The typical @/<>3-+6 strip has
center of mass: (µx ßµ
# #
y ) œ Šxß 2x a3 x b ‹ œ Šxß x 3 ‹ ,
#
# #
# # #
length: a3 x b 2x œ 3 a1 x b, width: dx,
area: dA œ 3 a1 x# b dx, and mass: dm œ $ † dA
œ 3$ a1 x# b dx Ê the moment about the x-axis is
$ 'c1 ax% 2x# 3b dx
"
µ
y dm œ 3
$ ax# 3b a1 x# b dx œ 3
$ ax% 2x# 3b dx Ê Mx œ ' µ
y dm œ 3
# # #
; M œ ' dm œ 3$ 'c1 a1 x# b dx
& " "
2x$
œ 3
# $ ’ x5 3 3x“ œ 3$ ˆ 5" 2
3 3‰ œ 3$
15 (3 10 45) œ 32$
5
"
"
x$
œ 3$ ’x 3 “ " œ 6$ ˆ1 "3 ‰ œ 4$ Ê y œ Mx
M œ 32$
5 †4 $ œ 8
5 . Therefore, the centroid is (xß y) œ ˆ!ß 85 ‰ .
34. Symmetry suggests that x œ 0. The typical @/<>3-+6

strip has center of mass: (µ
x ßµ
#
y ) œ Šxß x# ‹ , length: x# ,
width: dx, area: dA œ x# dx, mass: dm œ $ † dA œ $ x# dx
Ê the moment about the x-axis is µ
y dm œ #$ x# † x# dx
œ $
# x% dx Ê Mx œ ' µ
y dm œ $
#
'c22 x% dx œ 10$ cx& d ##
35. The typical @/<>3-+6 strip has: center of mass: (µ

x ßµ
y )
#
4 x4 x#
œ Œxß # , length: 4 4, width: dx,
x#
area: dA œ Š4 4 ‹dx, mass: dm œ $ † dA
x#
œ $ Š4 4‹ dx Ê the moment about the x-axis is
#
Š4 x4 ‹
µ
y dm œ $ † Š4 x#
dx œ $
Š16 x%
# 4‹ # 16 ‹ dx; the
moment about the y-axis is µ

x dm œ $ Š4 x#
4‹ † x dx œ $ Š4x x$
4‹ dx. Thus, Mx œ ' µ
y dm œ $
#
'04 Š16 16x ‹ dx
%
x dm œ $ '0 Š4x
% %
; My œ ' µ
4
$ x& $ 128$ x$ x%
œ 2 ’16x 5†16 “ ! œ #
64 64 ‘
5 œ 5 4‹ dx œ $ ’2x# 16 “ !
œ $ (32 16) œ 16$ ; M œ ' dm œ $ '0 Š4

4 %
x# x$ 32$
4‹ dx œ $ ’4x 12 “ ! œ $ ˆ16 64 ‰
1# œ 3
My 16†$ †3 Mx 128†$ †3
Ê xœ M œ 32†$ œ 3
2 and y œ M œ 5†32†$ œ 12
5 . Therefore, the centroid is (xß y) œ ˆ 3# ß 12
5 .
‰
36. A typical 29<3D98>+6 strip has:

center of mass: (µ
x ßµ
#
y ) œ Š y # 2y ß y‹ , length: 2y y# ,
width: dy, area: dA œ a2y y# b dy, mass: dm œ $ † dA
œ $ a2y y# b dy; the moment about the x-axis is
µ
y dm œ $ † y † a2y y# b dy œ $ a2y# y$ b ; the moment
about the y-axis is µ
#
x dm œ $ † ay 2yb † a2y y# b dy #
y dm œ $ '0 a2y# y$ b dy
œ a4y y b dy Ê Mx œ ' µ
2
$ # %
#
œ $ ’ 23 y$ y%
#
4 “! œ $ ˆ 23 † 8 16 ‰
4 œ $ ˆ 16
3
16 ‰
4 œ $ †16
12 œ 4$
3 ; My œ ' µ
x dm œ $
#
'02 a4y# y% b dy œ #$ ’ 34 y$ y5 “ # &
; M œ ' dm œ $ '0 a2y y# b dy œ $ ’y# y3 “ œ $ ˆ4 83 ‰ œ

2 $ #
$ ˆ 43†8 32$ 4$ My $ †32†3
œ # 32 ‰
5 œ 15 3 Ê xœ M œ 15†$ †4 œ 8
5 and
!
4†$ †3
yœ Mx
M œ 3 † 4 †$ œ 1. Therefore, the centroid is (xß y) œ ˆ 58 ß 1‰ .

37. A typical horizontal strip has: center of mass: (µ

x ßµ
y )
#
œ Š y #2y ß y‹ , length: 2y y# , width: dy,
area: dA œ a2y y# b dy, mass: dm œ $ † dA
œ (1 y) a2y y# b dy Ê the moment about the
x-axis is µ
y dm œ y(1 y) a2y y# b dy
œ a2y 2y$ y$ y% b dy
#
œ a2y# y$ y% b dy; the moment about the y-axis is

µ #
x dm œ Š y 2y ‹ (1 y) a2y y# b dy œ " a4y# y% b (1 y) dy œ "
a4y# 4y$ y% y& b dy
# # #
y dm œ '0 a2y# y$ y% b dy œ ’ 23 y$
#
Ê Mx œ ' µ
2
y% y&
4 5 “! œ ˆ 16
3
16
4 32 ‰
5 œ 16 ˆ "3 "
4 25 ‰
x dm œ '0
#
; My œ ' µ
2
" " y& y'
œ 16
60 (20 15 24) œ 4
15 (11) œ 44
15 # a4y# 4y$ y% y& b dy œ # ’ 43 y$ y% 5 6 “!
; M œ ' dm œ '0 (1 y) a2y y# b dy

$ 2
" 2& 2'
œ # Š 4†32 2% 5 6‹ œ 4 ˆ 43 2 4
5 86 ‰ œ 4 ˆ2 45 ‰ œ 24
5
œ '0 a2y y# y$ b dy œ ’y#

2 #
y$ y% My
3 4 “! œ ˆ4 8
3 16 ‰
4 œ 8
3 Ê xœ M œ ˆ 24
5
‰ ˆ 83 ‰ œ 9
5 and y œ Mx
M
œ ˆ 44
15
‰ ˆ 38 ‰ œ 44
40 œ 11
10 . Therefore, the center of mass is (xß y) œ ˆ 95 ß 11 ‰
10 .
38. A typical vertical strip has: center of mass: (µ

x ßµ
y ) œ ˆxß 2x3$Î# ‰ , length: x$Î#
3
, width: dx, area: dA œ x$Î#
3
dx,
mass: dm œ $ † dA œ $ † 3 µ
dx Ê the moment about the x-axis is y dm œ 3
†$ 3
dx œ 9$
dx; the moment about
x$Î# #x$Î# x$Î# 2x$
the y-axis is µ
x dm œ x † $ x$Î#
3
dx œ 3$
x"Î#
dx.
(a) Mx œ $ '1 ; My œ $ '1 x ˆ x$Î#

9
" 9$ # * 20$
9 *
#
ˆ x9$ ‰ dx œ # ’ x# “ œ 9
3 ‰
dx œ 3$ 2x"Î# ‘ " œ 12$ ;
"
M œ $ '1
9 * 12$ ˆ 209$ ‰
dx œ 6$ x"Î# ‘ " œ 4$ Ê x œ
My
3
x$Î# M œ 4$ œ 3 and y œ Mx
M œ 4$ œ 5
9
(b) Mx œ '1 x" ‘ * œ 4; My œ ' x# ˆ $Î# dx œ 2x$Î# ‘ " œ 52; M œ '1 x ˆ x$Î#
9 * 9 9
x
#
ˆ x9$ ‰ dx œ 9
#
3 ‰ 3 ‰
dx
" 1 x
* "
œ 6 x"Î# ‘ " œ 12 Ê x œ
My
M œ 13
3 and y œ Mx
M œ 3
39. F œ 'a W † Š depth ‹ † L(y) dy Ê F œ 2 '0 (62.4)(2 y)(2y) dy œ 249.6'0 a2y y# b dy œ 249.6 ’y#
b 2 2 #
strip y$
3 “!
œ (249.6) ˆ4 83 ‰ œ (249.6) ˆ 43 ‰ œ 332.8 lb
40. F œ 'a W † Š depth ‹ † L(y) dy Ê F œ '0 75 ˆ 56 y‰ (2y 4) dy œ 75'0 ˆ 53 y

b 5Î6 5Î6
strip 10
3 2y# 4y‰ dy
œ 75 '0 ˆ 10
5Î6
#‰ 7 # 2 $ ‘ &Î'
3 3 y 2y dy œ 75 10
3 y 6 y 3 y ! œ (75) ˆ 67 ‰ ˆ 36 ˆ 32 ‰ ˆ 216
7 50 ‰
ˆ 18 25 ‰ 125 ‰‘
œ (75) ˆ 25
9
175
216 250 ‰
3†#16 œ ˆ 9†75
#16 (25 † 216 175 † 9 250 † 3) œ
‰ (75)(3075)
9†#16 ¸ 118.63 lb.
41. F œ 'a W † Š depth ‹ † L(y) dy Ê F œ 62.4'0 (9 y) Š2 † dy œ 62.4'0 ˆ9y"Î# 3y$Î# ‰ dy

b
strip
4 Èy 4
2 ‹
%
œ 62.4 6y$Î# 25 y&Î# ‘ ! œ (62.4) ˆ6 † 8 2
5 † 32‰ œ ˆ 62.4
5
‰ (48 † 5 64) œ (62.4)(176)
5 œ 2196.48 lb
42. Place the origin at the bottom of the tank. Then F œ '0 W † Š depth
h
strip
‹ † L(y) dy, h œ the height of the mercury column,
strip depth œ h y, L(y) œ 1 Ê F œ '0 849(h y) " dy œ (849)'0 (h y) dy œ 849’hy

h h h
y# h#
# “! œ 849 Šh# #‹
849 # 849 #
œ 2 h . Now solve 2 h œ 40000 to get h ¸ 9.707 ft. The volume of the mercury is s2 h œ 12 † 9.707 œ 9.707 ft$ Þ

CHAPTER 6 ADDITIONAL AND ADVANCED EXERCISES
1. V œ 1 'a cf(x)d# dx œ b# ab Ê 1'a cf(t)d# dt œ x# ax for all x a Ê 1 [f(x)]# œ 2x a Ê f(x) œ É 2x1 a

b x
2. V œ 1 '0 [f(x)]# dx œ a# a Ê 1 '0 [f(t)]# dt œ x# x for all x a Ê 1[f(x)]# œ 2x 1 Ê f(x) œ É 2x1 1

a x
3. s(x) œ Cx Ê '0 È1 [f w (t)]# dt œ Cx Ê È1 [f w (x)]# œ C Ê f w (x) œ ÈC# 1 for C 1

x
Ê f(x) œ '0 ÈC# 1 dt k. Then f(0) œ a Ê a œ 0 k Ê f(x) œ '0 ÈC# 1 dt a Ê f(x) œ xÈC# 1 a,
x x
where C 1.
4. (a) The graph of f(x) œ sin x traces out a path from (!ß !) to (!ß sin !) whose length is L œ '0 È1 cos# ) d).
!
The line segment from (0ß 0) to (!ß sin !) has length È(! 0)# (sin ! 0)# œ È!# sin# !. Since the
shortest distance between two points is the length of the straight line segment joining them, we have
immediately that ' È1 cos# ) d) È!# sin# ! if 0 ! Ÿ 1 .
!
0 #
(b) In general, if y œ f(x) is continuously differentiable and f(0) œ 0, then '0 È1 [f w (t)]# dt È!# f # (!)
!
for ! 0.
5. We can find the centroid and then use Pappus' Theorem to calculate the volume. faxb œ x, gaxb œ x2 , faxb œ gaxb
Ê x œ x2 Ê x2 x œ 0 Ê x œ 0, x œ 1; $ œ 1; M œ '0 cx x2 ddx œ "# x2 13 x3 ‘0 œ ˆ "# 13 ‰ 0 œ
1 1
1
6
xœ 1
1 Î6
'01 xcx x2 ddx œ 6'01 cx2 x3 ddx œ 6 31 x3 41 x4 ‘10 œ 6ˆ 31 41 ‰ 0 œ 21
yœ 1
1 Î6
'01 12 ’x2 ax2 b2 “dx œ 3'01 cx2 x4 ddx œ 3 13 x3 15 x5 ‘10 œ 3ˆ 13 15 ‰ 0 œ 25 Ê The centroid is ˆ 12 , 25 ‰.
3 is the distance from ˆ 12 , 25 ‰ to the axis of rotation, y œ x. To calculate this distance we must find the point on y œ x that
also lies on the line perpendicular to y œ x that passes through ˆ 12 , 25 ‰. The equation of this line is y 25 œ 1ˆx 12 ‰
Êxyœ 9
10 . The point of intersection of the lines x y œ 9
10 and y œ x is ˆ 20
9
, 9 ‰
20 . Thus,
1 ‰2 2 ‰2 1
3 œ Éˆ 20
9
2 ˆ 20
9
5 œ 1
10È2
. Thus V œ 21Š 101È2 ‹ˆ 16 ‰ œ 30È2
.
"
6. Since the slice is made at an angle of 45‰ , the volume of the wedge is half the volume of the cylinder of radius # and
height 1. Thus, V œ " ˆ " ‰2
# ’1 # a1b “œ 1
8.
7. y œ 2Èx Ê ds œ É "x 1 dx Ê A œ '0 2Èx É "x 1 dx œ (1 x)$Î# ‘ $ œ

3
4 28
3 ! 3
8. This surface is a triangle having a base of 21a and a height of 21ak. Therefore the surface area is
" # #
# (21a)(21ak) œ 21 a k.
d# x t# t$ t$ t%
9. F œ ma œ t# Ê dt# œaœ m Ê vœ dt œ 3m C; v œ 0 when t œ 0 Ê
dx
Cœ0 Ê dx
dt œ 3m Ê xœ 12m C" ;
t% "Î%
x œ 0 when t œ 0 Ê C" œ 0 Ê x œ 12m . Then x œ h Ê t œ (12mh) . The work done is
W œ ' F dx œ '0 dt œ '0

Ð12mhÑ"Î% Ð12mhÑ"Î% Ð12mh)"Î%
$ '
" " ‰
F(t) † dx
dt t# † t
3m dt œ 3m ’ t6 “ œ ˆ 18m (12mh)'Î%
0
(12mh)$Î# 12mh†È12mh
œ 18m œ 18m œ 2h
3 † 2È3mh œ 4h
3
È3mh

Chapter 6 Additional and Advanced Exercises 385
œ 24 lb/ft. Thus, F œ 24x Ê W œ '0

1Î2
10. Converting to pounds and feet, 2 lb/in œ 2 lb
1 in † 12 in
1 ft 24x dx
"Î#
œ c12x# d ! œ 3 ft † lb. Since W œ "# mv!# "# mv"# , where W œ 3 ft † lb, m œ ˆ 10 " "
lb‰ ˆ 3# ft/sec #
‰
"
œ 320 slugs, and v" œ 0 ft/sec, we have 3 œ ˆ #" ‰ ˆ 3#"0 v#! ‰ Ê v!# œ 3 † 640. For the projectile height,
s œ 16t# v! t (since s œ 0 at t œ 0) Ê dsdt œ v œ 32t v! . At the top of the ball's path, v œ 0 Ê tœ v!
3#
# v!# 3†640
and the height is s œ 16 ˆ 3v#! ‰ v! ˆ 3v#! ‰ œ 64 œ 64 œ 30 ft.
11. From the symmetry of y œ 1 xn , n even, about the y-axis for 1 Ÿ x Ÿ 1, we have x œ 0. To find y œ MMx , we
use the vertical strips technique. The typical strip has center of mass: (µ
x ßµ
y ) œ ˆxß 1 2 x ‰ , length: 1 xn ,
n
width: dx, area: dA œ a1 xn b dx, mass: dm œ 1 † dA œ a1 xn b dx. The moment of the strip about the
y dm œ a1 x b dx Ê M œ ' a1 x b dx œ 2' " a1 2xn x2n b dx œ x 2x x ‘
x-axis is µ
n # 1 n # 1 nb1 2n b 1 "
# x
c1 # 0 # n1 #n 1 !
" (n 1)(2n 1) 2(2n ") (n 1) 2n# 3n 1 4n 2 n 1 2n#
œ1 2
n1 #n 1 œ (n 1)(#n 1) œ (n 1)(#n 1) œ (n 1)(#n 1) .
Also, M œ 'c1 dA œ 'c1 a1 xn b dx œ 2 '0 a1 xn b dx œ 2 x xn b 1 ‘ "

1 1 1
" ‰
n1 ! œ 2 ˆ1 n1 œ 2n
n1. Therefore,
# (n 1) "
yœ Mx
M œ 2n
(n 1)(2n 1) † 2n œ n
2n 1 Ê ˆ!ß #n n 1 ‰ is the location of the centroid. As n Ä _, y Ä # so
"‰
the limiting position of the centroid is ˆ!ß # .
12. Align the telephone pole along the x-axis as shown in the
accompanying figure. The slope of the top length of pole is
ˆ 14.5 9 ‰
81 81
40 œ 8"1 † 40
"
† (14.5 9) œ 815.5
†40 œ 11
81†80 . Thus,
y œ 891 8111†80 x œ 8"1 ˆ9 80 11 ‰
x is an equation of the
line representing the top of the pole. Then,
My œ 'a x † 1y# dx œ 1 '0 x 8"1 ˆ9
b 40 #
11
80 x‰‘ dx
œ '040 x ˆ9 80
"
641 x dx; M œ 'a 1y# dx
11 ‰#
b
œ 1 '0 8"1 ˆ9 80 dx œ 64"1 '0 ˆ9 11

40 40
11 ‰‘# ‰# dx. My
x 80 x Thus, x œ M ¸ 129,700
5623.3
¸ 23.06 (using a calculator to compute
the integrals). By symmetry about the x-axis, y œ 0 so the center of mass is about 23 ft from the top of the pole.
13. (a) Consider a single vertical strip with center of mass (µ

x ßµ
y ). If the plate lies to the right of the line, then
µ
the moment of this strip about the line x œ b is (x b) dm œ (x µ b) $ dA Ê the plate's first moment
about x œ b is the integral ' (x b)$ dA œ ' $ x dA ' $ b dA œ My b$ A.
(b) If the plate lies to the left of the line, the moment of a vertical strip about the line x œ b is
ab µ x b dm œ ab µ x b $ dA Ê the plate's first moment about x œ b is ' (b x)$ dA œ ' b$ dA ' $ x dA
œ b$ A My .
14. (a) By symmetry of the plate about the x-axis, y œ 0. A typical vertical strip has center of mass:
(µ
x ßµ
y ) œ (xß 0), length: 4Èax, width: dx, area: 4Èax dx, mass: dm œ $ dA œ kx † 4Èax dx, for some
proportionality constant k. The moment of the strip about the y-axis is M œ ' µ x dm œ ' 4kx# Èax dx
a
y
0
œ 4kÈa'0 x . Also, M œ ' dm œ '0 4kxÈax dx

a a
&Î# (Î# ‘ a "Î# (Î# 8ka%
dx œ 4kÈa 27 x 0
œ 4ka † a
2
7 œ 7
œ 4kÈa'0 x$Î# dx œ 4kÈa 25 x&Î# ‘ 0 œ 4ka"Î# † 25 a&Î# œ

a a 8ka$ My 8ka%
5 . Thus, x œ M œ 7 † 5
8ka$ œ 5
7 a
Ê (xß y) œ 7 ß0
ˆ 5a ‰ is the center of mass.
y#
(b) A typical horizontal strip has center of mass: (µ
x ßµ
a # #
y#
y ) œ Œ 4a # ß y œ Š y 8a4a ß y‹ , length: a 4a ,
width: dy, area: Ša y#

4a ‹ dy, mass: dm œ $ dA œ kyk Ša y#
4a ‹ dy. Thus, Mx œ ' µ
y dm
œ 'c2a y kyk Ša dy œ 'c2a y# Ša dy '0 y# Ša

2a 0 2a
y# y# y#
4a ‹ 4a ‹ 4a ‹ dy

œ 'c2a Šay# dy '0 Šay#

0 2a ! #a
y% y% y& y&
4a ‹ 4a ‹ dy œ ’ 3a y$ #0a “ #a ’ 3a y$ #0a “ !
x dm œ 'c2a Š y
œ 0; My œ ' µ
2a #
%
32a& 8a% 32a& 4a# y#
œ 8a3 20a 3 #0a 8a ‹ kyk Ša 4a ‹ dy
'c2a2a kyk ay# 4a# b Š 4a 4a y ‹ dy œ 32a"

2a
# #
" ' kyk a16a% y% b dy
œ 8a #
c2a
œ "
3 #a #
'c02a a16a% y y& b dy 32a" '02a a16a% y y& b dy œ 3#"a # # ’8a% y# y'
!
6 “ #a 1
3#a# ’8a% y# y'
#a
6 “!
" 64a' " 64a' " 32a' "

œ 32a# ’8a% † 4a# 6 “ 32a# ’8a% † 4a# 6 “ œ 16a# Š32a' 3 ‹ œ 16a# † 32 a32a' b œ 4
3 a% ;
M œ ' dm œ 'c2a kyk Š 4a 4ay ‹ dy œ 'c2a2a kyk a4a# y# b dy

2a # #
"
4a
œ "
4a
'c02a a4a# y y$ b dy 4a" '02a a4a# y y$ b dy œ 4a" ’2a# y# y4 “ ! %
"
4a ’2a# y# y%
#a
4 “!
#a
" 16a% "
# # % % $
œ ˆ 34 a% ‰ ˆ 2a"$ ‰ œ
My
œ2† 4a Š2a † 4a 4 ‹ œ #a a8a 4a b œ 2a . Therefore, x œ M
2a
3 and
yœ Mx
M œ 0 is the center of mass.
15. (a) On [0ß a] a typical @/<>3-+6 strip has center of mass: (µ

x ßµ
È b# x # È a# x#
y ) œ Šx, # ‹,
length: Èb# x# Èa# x# , width: dx, area: dA œ ŠÈb# x# Èa# x# ‹ dx, mass: dm œ $ dA
œ $ ŠÈb# x# Èa# x# ‹ dx. On [aß b] a typical @/<>3-+6 strip has center of mass:
(µ
x ßµ
È # #
y ) œ Šxß b # x ‹ , length: Èb# x# , width: dx, area: dA œ Èb# x# dx,
mass: dm œ $ dA œ $ Èb# x# dx. Thus, Mx œ ' µ

y dm
œ '0 ŠÈb# x# Èa# x# ‹ $ ŠÈb# x# Èa# x# ‹ dx 'a
a b
" " Èb# x# $ Èb# x# dx
# #
œ $
#
'0a cab# x# b aa# x# bd dx #$ 'ab ab# x# b dx œ #$ '0a ab# a# b dx #$ 'ab ab# x# b dx
b
$ x$ b$ a$
œ cab# a# b xd ! #$ ’b# x $
cab# a# b ad #$ ’Šb$ Š b# a
a
# 3 “a œ # 3‹ 3 ‹“
a$ $ b$ $ a$
My œ ' µ
$
$ a$
œ # aab# a$ b #$ Š 23 b$ ab# 3‹ œ 3 3 œ $ Šb 3 ‹; x dm
œ '0 x$ ŠÈb# x# Èa# x# ‹ dx 'a x$ Èb# x# dx

a b
œ $ '0 x ab# x# b dx $ '0 x aa# x# b dx $ 'a x ab# x# b

a a b
"Î# "Î# "Î#
dx
a a b
$Î# $Î# $Î#
$ 2 ab # x # b $ 2 aa #
x# b $ 2 ab #
x# b
œ # ” 3 • #” 3 • #” 3 •
0 ! a
$ # # $Î# # $Î# $ # $Î# $ $Î# $ b$ $ a$ $ ab $ a $ b
œ ’ab a b
3 ab b “ ’0 aa b
3 “ ’0 ab# a# b
3 “œ 3 3 œ 3 œ Mx ;
# #
We calculate the mass geometrically: M œ $ A œ $ Š 14b ‹ $ Š 14a ‹ œ $1
ab# a# b . Thus, x œ
My
4 M
$ ab $ a $ b a $ $
4 (b a) aa# ab b# b 4 aa# ab b# b
œ 3 † 4
$1 ab# a# b œ 4
31 Š bb# a# ‹ œ 31 (b a)(b a) œ 31(a b) ; likewise
# #
4 aa abb b
yœ Mx
M œ 31(ab) .
# # #
ab b a# a# #
(b) lim 4
Ša ‹ œ ˆ 341 ‰ Š a ‹ œ ˆ 341 ‰ Š 3a
2a ‹ œ
2a
Ê (xß y) œ ˆ 2a
1 ß 1 is the limiting
2a ‰
b Ä a 31 ab aa 1
position of the centroid as b Ä a. This is the centroid of a circle of radius a (and we note the two circles
coincide when b œ a).

Chapter 6 Additional and Advanced Exercises 387
16. Since the area of the traingle is 36, the diagram may be
labeled as shown at the right. The centroid of the triangle is
a . The shaded portion is 144 36 œ 108. Write
ˆ 3a , 24 ‰
ax, yb for the centroid of the remaining region. The centroid
of the whole square is obviously a6, 6b. Think of the square
as a sheet of uniform density, so that the centroid of the
square is the average of the centroids of the two regions,
weighted by area:
$'ˆ 3a ‰ "!)axb $'ˆ 24 ‰
a "!)ayb
'œ "%% and ' œ "%%
)a a " b
which we solve to get x œ ) a
* and y œ a . Set
'%
x œ 7 in. (Given). It follows that a œ *, whence y œ *
œ 7 "* in. The distances of the centroid ax, yb from the other sides are easily computed. (Note that if we set y œ 7 in.
above, we will find x œ 7 "* .)
17. The submerged triangular plate is depicted in the figure

at the right. The hypotenuse of the triangle has slope 1
Ê y (2) œ (x 0) Ê x œ (y 2) is an equation
of the hypotenuse. Using a typical horizontal strip, the fluid
pressure is F œ ' (62.4) † Š depth
strip
‹ † Š length
strip
‹ dy
c2 c2
œ 'c6 (62.4)(y)[(y 2)] dy œ 62.4 'c6 ay# 2yb dy
$ #
œ 62.4 ’ y3 y# “ œ (62.4) ˆ 83 4‰ ˆ 216
3 36
‰‘
'
œ (62.4) ˆ 208
3 32 œ
‰ (62.4)(112)
3 ¸ 2329.6 lb
18. Consider a rectangular plate of length j and width w.

The length is parallel with the surface of the fluid of
weight density =. The force on one side of the plate is
F œ ='cw (y)(j) dy œ =j ’ y# “
0 # !
=jw#
œ # . The
w
average force on one side of the plate is Fav œ =

w
'c0w (y)dy
# !
= =w =jw#
œ w ’ y# “ œ # . Therefore the force #
w
œ ˆ =w
# (jw) œ (the average pressure up and down) † (the area of the plate).
‰

NOTES:

Section 6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass 369

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Section 6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass 369

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Section 6.

6 Moments and Centers of Mass 369

(b) Applying the symmetry argument analogous to the one

length: 3 È9 x# , width: dx,

12. Applying the symmetry argument analogous to the one used

œ '1 ˆ x"# ‰ ax# b ˆ x2# ‰ dx œ '1 dx œ 2'1 x# dx

œ '1 x ax# b ˆ x2# ‰ dx œ 2'1 x dx œ 2 ’ x# “

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

14. We use the @/<>3-+6 strip approach:

œ 6'0 ax$ x& b dx œ 6 ’ x4

x dm œ '0 x ax x# b † $ dx œ '0 ax# x$ b † 12x dx œ 12'0 ax$ x% b dx œ 12 ’ x4

; M œ ' dm œ '0 ax x# b † $ dx œ 12'0 ax# x$ b dx œ 12 ’ x3

œ 161'1 x"Î# dx œ 161 23 x$Î# ‘ " œ 161 ˆ 23 † 8 32 ‰ œ

œ 2'1 x$Î# dx œ 2 ’ È x dm œ '1 x † † $ dx œ 2'1 x"Î# dx œ 2 ’ 2x3 “ œ

' dm œ ' x2 † $ dx œ 2' Èxx dx œ 2' x"Î# dx œ 2 2x"Î# ‘ %" œ 2(4 2) œ 4.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

; M œ ' dm œ '0 $ ˆ hb ‰ (h y) dy œ '0h ah yb dy œ $hb ’hy y2 “ h

18. From the symmetry about the y-axis it follows that x œ 0.

19. From the symmetry about the line x œ y it follows that

20. From the symmetry about the line x œ y it follows that

22. From the symmetry about the line x œ a

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

Mx œ $ '0 x$ È1 9x% dx;

œ a# '0 (sin ))(1 k cos )) d)

a# '1Î2 (sin ))(1 k cos )) d)

œ a '0 (cos ))(1 k cos )) d) a# '1Î2 (cos ))(1 k cos )) d)

# 1Î# a# k sin 2) ‘ 1Î# a# k sin 2) ‘ 1

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

27. faxb œ x 6, gaxb œ x2 , faxb œ gaxb Ê x 6 œ x2

28. faxb œ 2, gaxb œ x2 ax 1b, faxb œ gaxb Ê 2 œ x2 ax 1b

29. faxb œ x2 , gaxb œ x2 ax 1b, faxb œ gaxb Ê x2 œ x2 ax 1b

30. faxb œ 2 sin x, gaxb œ 0, x œ 0, x œ 21; $ œ 1;

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

34. The midpoint of the hypotenuse of the triangle is ˆ 3# ß 3‰

36. We create the cone by revolving the triangle with vertices

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

37. S œ 21 y L Ê 41a# œ a21yb (1a) Ê y œ 2a

38. S œ 213 L Ê 21 ˆa 2a ‰‘

4a ‰‘ 1a# 1a$ (31 4)

# 3a1 ‰# È2 (4a 3a1)

3 œ y. By the Theorem of Pappus: 13 1 b2 a œ 21 y ˆ 12 ab‰ Ê y œ b

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

CHAPTER 6 PRACTICE EXERCISES

Ê V œ 'a A(x) dx œ '04 ˆ4x 4x$Î# x# ‰ dx

Ê V œ 'a A(x) dx œ 1 '1Î4 (1 sin 2x) dx

a œ 0, b œ 6 Ê V œ 'a A(x) dx œ '0 Š36 24È6 Èx 36x 4È6 x$Î# x# ‹ dx

Ê V œ 'a A(x) dx œ '0 4È3 x dx œ ’2È3 x# “

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

7. (a) .3=5 7/>29. :

(b) =2/66 7/>29. :

(d) A+=2/< 7/>29. :

œ 91 'c1 c1 a1 2x% x) bd dx œ 91 'c1 a2x% x) b dx œ 91 ’ 2x5

8. (a) A+=2/< 7/>29. :

(c) =2/66 7/>29. :

(d) A+=2/< 7/>29. :

161'1 a1 2x$ x' b dx

9. (a) .3=5 7/>29. :

œ 1'c2 a25 y% 2y# 1b dy œ 1 'c2 a24 y% 2y# b dy œ 1 ’24y

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.

œ 1 'c2 a16 8y# y% b dy

10. (a) =2/66 7/>29. :

(b) =2/66 7/>29. :

œ 21'0 Š4y 2y#