Biology Test

1. Which of the following reaction can be the first committed step of glycolsysis?
a) Glucose-6-Phosphate ↔Frucose-6-Phosphate
b) Glucose-6-Phosphate ↔Frucose-1, 6-Bisphosphate
c) Frucose-1, 6-Bisphosphate↔ Phosphoglyceric acid + Dihydroacetic acid.
d) Frucose-6-Phosphate↔Frucose-1, 6-Bisphosphate
Ans: b) Glucose-6-Phosphate ↔Frucose-1, 6-Bisphosphate

2. Which of the following enzyme do not participate in glycolytic pathway?

a) Hexokinase b) Enolase c) Pyrophsphatase d) Glucokinase
Ans: c) Pyrophsphatase

3. Which tissue performs glycolysis as its major energy generation process?

a) Heart muscle. b) Resting thigh muscle. c) Gut muscle. d) Bicep during boxing.
Ans: d) Bicep during boxing.

4. The first step of glycolysis, the conversion of Glc to Glc-6-Phosphate is not considered the first
committed step of this metabolic pathway. Because Glc-6-Phosphate can follow many different fate
other than glycolysis. Which of the following metabolic pathway is one of them?
a) Gluconeogenesis b) Glycogen synthesis c) TCA cycle d) Myoglycolysis.
Ans: b) Glycogen synthesis

5. How many ATP is produced in TCA cycle. Note: ATP produced later in ETC from NADP and
FADP should not be included here.
a) One b) Two c) Three d) Four
Ans: b) Two

6. Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis shares many of the same reactions. Following are some reactions
form glycolysis and gluconeogenesis:
I. Glc-6-phosphate → Fru-6-Phosphate
II. 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate → 3-Phosphoglycerate.
III. Oxaloacetate → Phosphoenol pyruvate.
IV. 2-Phosphoglycerate →3-Phosphoglycerate.

Which of these are common in both pathway?

a) I, II, III b) I, II, IV c) I, III, IV d) II, III, IV
Ans: c) I, III, IV

7. Michaelis-Menten equation is a relation between which variables?

a) Enzyme concentration and catalytic speed.
b) Substrate concentration and Enzyme concentration.
c) Catalytic speed and Substrate concentration.
d) Product concentration and Enzyme affinity.
Ans: c) Catalytic speed and Substrate concentration.
8. Which interpretation of Michaelis constant Km is always true?
a) It is the substrate concentration for which the catalytic speed is exactly half of maximum speed.
b) It is the catalytic speed of an enzyme when substrate concentration is 1 mol.
c) It is the exact measure of affinity of enzyme towards a certain substrate.
d) Its the substrate concentration for which the catalytic speed is exactly the maximum speed.
Ans: a) It is the substrate concentration for which the catalytic speed is exactly half of
maximum speed.

9. Which indicates the slope of double-reciprocal plot?

a) Kcat/Vmax b) Km/Vmax c) Kd/Vmax d) Kavg/Vmax.
Ans: b) Km/Vmax

10. Which is this enzyme have already achieved catalytic perfection?

a) Triose Phosphate Isomerase.
b) DNA plymerase III.
c) Hexokinase.
d) Lysozyme-5-Phosphatase.
Ans: a) Triose Phosphate Isomerase.

11. Which is the main regulator of Lac operon?

a) Cellular ATP concentration.
b) Lactose concentration in the culture.
c) cAMP concentration.
d) Glucose concentration in the culture.
Ans: b) Lactose concentration in the culture.

12. How transcription is terminated in trp operon when trp concentration in cell is adequate?
a) Premature transcription termination.
b) Competitive inhibition.
c) Attenuation.
d) Aberration.
Ans: a) Premature transcription termination.

13. Which of the following is not a Post translational modification?

a) Polyadenylation. b) Polykitonylation. c) Splicing. d) Codon editing.
Ans: d) Codon editing.

14. Which one is only available in Prokaryotic cell?

a) Poly-A tail.
b) Chromosomal organization.
c) Stop codon.
d) Shine-Delgarno sequence.
Ans: d) Shine-Delgarno sequence.

15. What does ELISA stands for?

Ans: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

16. Which of the following is a use of ELISA?

a) To detect certain antigen in a sample.
b) To detect the rate of phagocytosis.
c) To measure void ratio.
d) To disinfect used lab utensils.
Ans: a) to detect certain antigen in a sample.

17. Which of the following are part of complement system?

a) C3, C4, C8a b) C4b2a, C5, C6 c) C1pr2, C3, C4 d) C5b, C9, C0
Ans: b) C4b2a, C5, C6

18. Which of the following is not a complement activation pathway?

a) Classical pathway.
b) Alternative pathway.
c) Enzyme-linked pathway.
d) Lectin pathway.
Ans: c) Enzyme-linked pathway.

19. In which phase of the bacterial growth secondary metabolites are produced?
a) Stationary phase. b) Lag phase c) Log phase. d) Decline phase.
Ans: a) Stationary phase.

20. For the maximum biomass production, which phase of bacterial growth should be maximized?
a) Stationary phase. b) Lag phase c) Log phase. d) Decline phase.
Ans: c) Log phase.

21. What causes bacterial cells to die out at the end of stationary phase?
a) Nutrition depletion.
b) Toxic waste product buildup.
c) Both of them above.
d) Genetic drift.
Ans: c) Both of them above.

22. What is the average doubling time of E. coli during log phase.
a) 2-3 min. b) 20-30 min. c) 45 min. d) 50-60 min.
Ans: b) 20-30 min.

23. What is the primary site of Auxin synthesis?

a) Shoot and Root.
b) Shoot and pith.
c) Root and apical meristem.
d) Shoot and apical meristem.
Ans: a) Shoot and Root.
24. What is the role of abscission acid in plant physiology?
a) Promote vegetative growth and seed dormancy.
b) Promote leaf senescence and apical growth.
c) Burk production and apical growth.
d) Promote stromal closure and seed dormancy.
Ans: d) Promote stromal closure and seed dormancy.

25. Which phyto-hormone plays important role in pollination?

a) Auxin. b) Gibberrelins. c) Ethylene. d) Abscissic acid.
Ans: a) Auxin.

26. What is the physiological process leading to fruit ripening?

a) Climacteric. b) Climatic. c) Climax. d) Climactic.
Ans: a) Climacteric.

27. Which trans-membrane ion pump plays the central role of stromal opening?
a) Na+H+ATPase. b) Na+K+ATPase. c) K+H+ATPase. d) Na+K+H+ATPase.
Ans: c) K+H+ATPase

28. What is the main mechanism of stromal closure?

a) Efflux of K+ ion to stromal cell during night.
b) Influx of K+ ion to stromal cell during night.
a) Efflux of Na+ ion to stromal cell during night.
b) Influx of Na+ ion to stromal cell during night.
Ans: a) Efflux of K+ ion to stromal cell during night.

29. Which of the following substance stimulates stromal opening?

a) CO2
b) Glucose.
c) H2O
d) Ca2+ ions.
Ans: b) Glucose.

30. How does auxin decreases the rate of photosynthesis?

a) By killing photosynthetic cells.
b) Promoting transformation of chloroplast into amyloplast.
c) Promoting stromal closure.
d) By inhibiting RuBisCO.
Ans: d) By inhibiting RuBisCO.

31. Fusion of more than one sperm during fertilization is called:

a) Polygamy. b) Polyspermy. c) Polynomy. d) Polyploidy.
Ans: b) Polyspermy.
32. Which part of a sperm contains proteolytic enzymes?
a) Golgi aparatus. b) Acrosome. c) Praetosome. d) Lysosome.
Ans: b) Acrosome.

33. Which ion efflux like a wave in ovum cell after sperm entry?
a) Na+ b) K+ c) Mg2+ d) Ca2+
Ans: d) Ca2+
34. How does the “fast block of polyspermy” works?
a) Depolarization of ova cell membrane caused by Na+ entry.
b) Repolarization of ova cell membrane caused by K+ entry.
c) Repolarization of ova cell membrane caused by Ca2+ entry.
d) Decrease of pH outside of ova cell membrame.
Ans: a) Depolarization of ova cell membrane caused by Na+ entry.

35. After a rod cell is hit by a photon of visible light which isomer is formed?
a) 11-cis ratinol.
b) 22-cis ratinol.
c) All-trans ratinol.
d) 2-methyl rationl.
Ans: a) 11-cis ratinol.

36. Which receptor is activated by Rhodopsin after its hit by a photon?

a) Serpentine receptor.
b) Transmembrame receptor.
c) G-protein coupled receptor.
d) Leucin zipper containing doman.
Ans: c) G-protein coupled receptor.

37. Which of the following induces oxygenated hemoglobin molecule to release O2?
a) Increased blood pH.
b) Binding of 2,3-BPG.
c) Alanine buildup.
d) Lower CO2 concentration in blood.
Ans: ) Binding of 2,3-BPG.

38. What is true for any ecosystem?

a) Matter and energy both are recycled in an ecosystem.
b) Matter and energy both flows in unidirectional way in an ecosystem.
c) Matter flows unidirectionally while energy is recycled.
d) Matter is recycled while energy flows in unidirectional way in an ecosystem.
Ans: d) Matter is recycled while energy flows in unidirectional way in an ecosystem.

39. Which is the correct form of energy flow in any ecosystem?

a) Primary Producer → Secondary Producer → consumer → Microbes.
b) Primary Producer → Secondary Producer → secondary & tertiary consumer → Microbes.
c) Primary Producer → Primary consumer → secondary & tertiary consumer → Microbes.
d) Producer → Consumer→ Enhancer → Microbes.
Ans: c) Primary Producer → Primary consumer → secondary & tertiary consumer →
Microbes.

40. What energy sources all life depends on?

a) Solar and geothermal.
b) Solar and chemical.
c) Solar and electric.
d) Geothermal and chemical.
Ans: b) Solar and chemical.