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Causes and Outcomes

Name

Institution of Affiliation
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Causes and Outcomes

Part A: Causes of the Revolution

Pre-War
Description Contribution to the Revolutionary War
Event
This was labeled as the Seven Years were and Britain increased its Military presence in North America.
French and
happened between 1756 and 1763. The war was Increased spending led to oppressive taxation of the
Indian War
between British colonies in the Americas against New Americans and this was one of the main reason for the
France. Each side was backed by parent nation as well revolutionary war.
as Native American allies. They fought for territorial
control and wealth with the most notable battle taking
place at Fort William Henry. The French colonists
were defeated and lost some of their territories in
North America.

It was part of the initiative to increase taxation of The increased taxes later led to revolt against the British
Sugar Act
molasses to compensate for the losses made during
colonists. The town people were especially rebellious against
the Seven Years War. It increased the taxation of
the act and fights would emerge that later escalated to a
other products such as coffee, indigo, and wines
without the consent of the colonies. Additional tax revolution.
was put on foreign sugar while French win and ram
was banned.

The act was enacted in 1765 and required English This taxation prompted the creation of Son of Liberty. It
Stamp Act

colonies to print their documents using stamped
papers imported from London. This enabled to
colonial government to impose taxes on legal
documents such as wills, marriage certificates,
newspapers, diplomas, and playing cards among
others.
In 1767, the British government passed a number of
Townshend
laws to manage the American colonies. They
Acts
introduced duties on items including paper, tea, glass,
lead, and paint.
The Tea Act was enacted in 1773 and granted the
Tea Act
British East India Company the monopoly of selling
tea to the American colonies.
These were an array of punitive laws mean to punish
Intolerable
the Americans after protesting the Boston Tea Party.
Acts
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depicted the colonists’ inclination to collaborate as one unit
without any regard for the native Americans. As a result,
people began finding faults in the parliament and boycotts
and rioting became rampant.
The British government imposed the duties under the guise
that they were still taxes. However, this compromise to
exempt people from taxes left a berth for future conflicts and
eventual uprising for a revolution.
The Americans were against this act as they saw it as a way
for the parliament to exercise control on them. They saw the
cheaper tea from British East India Company as a blindfold
to avoid rebellion against the tea tax. Instead of complying
with the act, the Americans staged boycotts and told the
colonists to send the tea back to Britain.
The acts unified the Americans in rebellion to the British
government with the first continental congress being held
thereafter and an association to supervise boycott from
British Trade was formed.
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This was a protest that happened in Griffin’s Wharf, The relationship between the British government and
Boston Tea
Boston, Massachusetts in 1773. The American colonists deteriorated as the Boston harbor got closed. A
Party
colonists had grown exasperated by Britain because of series of intolerable acts were imposed to punish the
imposing taxes without representation. They seized colonists and make them pay for the lost tea. War from these
British ships carrying tea and threw 342 chests of tea conflicts was in the offing and both sides feared that it would
into the sea. spread all across the Americas.

The massacre was a bloody riot in March 5th 1770 on Propagandists began using the massacre to elicit action
Boston
King Street that began as a street scuffle between lone against the British government. The Sons of Liberty
Massacre
British soldiers and American natives and escalated to continued fueling tensions between the British soldiers and
manslaughter where five people were killed and colonists.
scores injured.

This document was signed on July 4th 1776 by It allowed the revolutionary war to be seen as between two
Declaration
Thomas Jefferson and his committee during the independent countries rather than a civil way within Britain.
of
Independen Second Continental Congress. It indicated that the 13
ce
colonies were a free and independent state.

Part B: Outcomes of the Revolution

Military
Description Relationship to the Outcome of the Revolutionary War
Event
This was the first battle of the revolution and It was the first American victory against the Britons and
Concord and split both parties further while intensifying the resolve to

Lexington occurred in April 19th 1775 in Middlesex County.
Fort This poorly manned fort that was rarely used. It was
Ticonderoga taken by Benedict Arnold and colonial troops.
Delegates from the 13 colonies converged in
Second Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and signed the
Continental Declaration of Independence.
Congress
Both the British soldiers and the American colonists
Bunker Hill sought to conquer this region to gain control of
Boston and as a result fought the battle of Bunker
Hill in the early stages of the revolutionary war.
The battle of Quebec was fought in December of
Quebec 1775 between the British troops and the American
continental army. The colonial troops attempted to
capture the city of Quebec that was under the control
of the Britons.
The battle in Lake Champlain ended the assault of the
Lake northern states by Britain. Lake Champlain was a
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fight.
General Benedict got injured and the captured cannons were
taken to Boston to fight against the Britons in the city.
The congress declared the 13 colonies as an independent
state that recruited and raised an army in response to the
imminent revolutionary war.
While the Britons won in this battle, they recorded more
casualties than the Americans. It indicated that the colonial
militia had the ability to resist British troops and caused
Britain to change its tactics. The battle bolstered the
confidence of the American troops.
The battle lasted for five months and ended with the defeat
of the American colonists. General Montgomery was killed
while the rest of the troops were forced to retreat.
The victory was strategic as it pushed the British soldiers
out of New York to regroup in Canada.

Champlain strategic entry point to Quebec and New York City.
While the American troops were outnumbered they
resisted against the British soldiers and became of
their greatest victories in the revolutionary war. It
was the first naval battle.
On December 6th 1776, General Washington crossed
Trenton the Delaware river and seized Trenton. The region
had been held by 1500 Hessian soldiers working for
the Britons. He also lured the British troops to the
South and raided and captured Princeton City.
The battle at Saratoga was a strategic plan by the
Saratoga British to cut the American militia from key supplies.
It occurred in two sessions that were 10 days apart.
The first ended with a loss by the British General
Burgoyne. When he attacked again in the second
session, he was defeated and eventually surrendered.
Valley Forge was a hideout for George Washington
Valley and his men in the winter of 1777. The weather was
Forge brutal causing many of his men to die of starvation
and diseases. Washington lost over 2000 soldiers at
this time.
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The victory was crucial following a series of losses to the
Britons. It improved the morale and motivation of the
continental army in the revolutionary war and increased
enlistment.
It was a severe blow to the British forces as General
Burgoyne, who was the leader of the Northern Battalions
surrendered. The victory convinced the French to join the
Americans as an ally.
As Washington and his men hid at Valley Forge, the
revolutionary war slowed down and was almost coming to
an end. He added two generals i.e. Nathaniel Greene and
Von Steuben to procure supplies and train the men in
preparation for continuation of the war following the ned of
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the winter.

The battle of Cowpens was a turning point for the
Cowpens southern campaign in the revolutionary war.
Americans won against the British troops and
regained control of South Carolina. The battle was
under the command of General Daniel Morgan
When South Carolina was captured from the Britons, the
Americans got the morale and confidence in the subsequent
battle in Yorktown whose victory was decisive to the end of
the Revolutionary war.

Through the leadership of George Washington and The battle brought an end to the Revolutionary War.
Yorktown support from the French Army, the American soldiers
defeated the British soldiers being led by General
Cornwallis. It was the last major battle in the
revolution.

Part C: Effects of the Revolution

Role, if any, played in the Effect of the Revolution on Political, economic, or

Group Revolution the group social effects of the war on
the group

The men got involved in the Since most of the military Men maintained the
Men colonists Continental Army as either troops were men, they were the economic and political
commissioned or enlisted major casualties of the war. power even after the war.

Women colonists
Black slaves and freed Blacks
Native Americans
soldiers based on literacy levels.
Women mostly took care of
wounded soldiers and maintained husband soldiers to camps to
food supplies. They also
maintained military uniforms and security of their families.
did laundry for the soldiers.
Since it was no longer possible
to import clothes from Britain,
women began weaving and
knitting clothes.
They joined the war by being
coscripted or enlisted to the
continental army or British
forces by their owners.
Enlisted or coscripted by owners
to British or continental army.
Joined in the war effort by
joining the militias and armies
While some joined the struggle
for independence, others
supported the British, and others
Some of them followed their
keep them fed and maintain
Some of them won their
freedom and formed families
while others went back to
slavery.
They had to switch their
allegiance to the newly formed
government.
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Women lost their husbands
and became sole caretakers
of the families. However,
they barely gained any
political mileage as political
seats were given to the
heroes of the war, mostly
men.
Apart from the few who got
their freedom, there was
significant effect to the
group as most of them were
still enslaved.
There was little effect to
their way of life. They just
held to the land and wealth
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were indifferent to the struggles. they already had before the

revolution. Some traded
with the Britons while
others traded with the
colonials.
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References

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Society (Vol. 10, p. 387). American Antiquarian Society..

Bullion, J. L. (1992). British Ministers and American Resistance to the Stamp Act, October-December 1765. The William and Mary

Quarterly, 49(1), 89-107.

Cameron, H. C. (1899). The Battles of Trenton and Princeton. By William S. Stryker, Adjutant-General of New Jersey.(Boston and

New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Co. 1898. Pp. xv, 514.).

Johnson, A. S. (1959). The Passage of the Sugar Act. The William and Mary Quarterly: A Magazine of Early American History, 507-

514.

Lender, M. E. (2016). The War for American Independence: A Reference Guide: A Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO.

Lozier, J. F. (2015). The French and Indian War and the Conquest of New France, by William R. Nester.

Reese, T. M. (2012). The Boston Massacre: A History with Documents. The Historian, 74(2), 380.

Schroeder, J. H., Neimeyer, C., & Barbuto, R. V. (2016). The Battle of Lake Champlain: A “Brilliant and Extraordinary Victory,” War

in the Chesapeake: The British Campaigns to Control the Bay, 1813–14. Naval War College Review, 69(2), 12.

Thomas, P. D. G. (1991). Tea party to independence: the third phase of the American Revolution, 1773-1776. Oxford University

Press.

Vierow, W. (2002). The Battle of Saratoga. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.