Math 152-copyright Joe Kahlig, 11C Page 1

Review of Functions and Appendix D

Functions: A function, f , is a rule that assigns to each element, x, in set A exactly one element,
called f (x), in set B. The set A is called the domain. The range of f is the set of all possible values
of f (x) where x is in the domain, i.e. range = { f (x)|x ∈ A }.

x
Example: Find the domain of f (x) =
x2 − 25

1
Example: Find the domain of y = √
x2 − 2x − 24

Example: Express y = |x − 5| without the absolute value symbols.

Example: Express y = |x2 − 4| without the absolute value symbols.

Appendix D: Trigonometry

Angles can be measured in degrees or radians. Thus 360o = 2π radians

Example: Convert 250 to radians.

−3π
Example: Convert to degrees.
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Trigonometric Functions: Consider the right triangle.

opp adj opp

sin A = cos A = tan A =
hypotenuse hyp hyp adj
opposite
hyp hyp adj
A csc A = sec A = cot A =
opp adj opp
adjacent

Special Triangles: 45-45-90 and 30-60-90.

Example: Evaluate the following:

2π 2π 2π
     
sin = cos = tan =
3 3 3

Unit Circle:
Math 152-copyright Joe Kahlig, 11C Page 3

Trigonometric Identities: These identities are used some in Math 151, but are use a lot in Math 152.

sin θ 1 + cos(2x)
tan θ = sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 cos2 x =
cos θ 2
1 − cos(2x)
sin(2x) = 2 sin x cos x tan2 θ + 1 = sec2 θ sin2 x =
2
cos(2x) = 2 cos2 (x) − 1

sin A sin B sin C

Law of sines: = =
a b c
B
a
c
Law of cosines: a2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A

C
Law of cosines: b2 = a2 + c2 − 2ac cos B
A
b
Law of cosines: c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C

3 −π
Example: If sec(x) = with < x < 0, find sin(2x)
2 2

Example: Solve the following equations for x where 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π

A) 2 cos(x) − 1 = 0

B) 2 cos(x) + sin(2x) = 0