The Philippines' evident risk to natural disasters is due to its location.

Being a country that lies in

the Pacific Ring of Fire, it is prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In addition, the
country is surrounded by large bodies of water and facing the Pacific Ocean where 60% of the
world's typhoons are made.
One of the most devastating typhoons that hit the Philippines in 2013 was Typhoon Haiyan, or
"Yolanda", that killed over 10,000 people and destroyed over a trillion pesos worth of properties
and damage to various sectors.

Water Pollution
Philippines as a whole has more than enough surface and groundwater. However, neglecting to
have a coherent environmental policy has led to the contamination of 58% of the groundwater in
the Philippines.[2] The main source of pollution is untreated domestic and industrial wastewater.
[1]
 Only one third of Philippine river systems are considered suitable for public water supply.[2]
It is estimated that in 2025, water availability will be marginal in most major cities and in 8 of the
19 major river basins.[3] Besides severe health concerns, water pollution also leads to problems
in the fishing and tourism industries.[4] The national government recognized the problem and
since 2004 has sought to introduce sustainable water resources development management
which will be tackled on the next report.
 Ex. According to the Asian Development Bank, the Pasig River is one of the world's most
polluted rivers [1] with 150 tons of domestic waste and 75 tons of industrial waste dumped daily.
Effects

Human health risk

Death of aquatic (water) animals

the main problem caused by water pollution is that it kills organisms that depend on these water bodies.
Dead fish, crabs, birds and sea gulls, dolphins, and many other animals often wind up on beaches, killed
by pollutants in their habitat (living environment).

Disruption of food-chains
Pollution disrupts the natural food chain as well. Pollutants such as lead and cadmium are eaten by tiny
animals. Later, these animals are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the food chain continues to be
disrupted at all higher levels.

Destruction of ecosystems
Ecosystem (the interaction of living things in a place, depending on each other for life) can be
severely changed or destroyed by water pollution. Many areas are now being affected by careless
human pollution, and this pollution is coming back to hurt humans in many ways.

Deforestation
Over the course of the 20th century the forest cover of the Philippines dropped from 70 percent
down to 20 percent.[9] In total, 46 species are endangered, and 4 were already eradicated
completely. 3.2 percent of total rainforest has been left. Based on an analysis of land use
pattern maps and a road map an estimated 9.8 million ha of forests were lost in the Philippines
from 1934 to 1988.[10] Illegal logging occurs in the Philippines [11] and intensify flood damage in
some areas.[12]
The environmental effect of deforestation
Loss of habitat- One of the most dangerous and unsettling effects of deforestation is the loss
of animal and plant species, not only do we lose those known to us, but also those unknown,
potentially an even greater loss.

“Seventy percent of Earth’s land animals and plants live in forests, and many cannot survive the
deforestation that destroys their homes.”

The trees of the rainforest that provide shelter for some species also provide the canopy that
regulates the temperature, a necessity for many others. Its removal through deforestation would
allow a more drastic temperature variation from day to night, much like a desert, which could
prove fatal for current inhabitants.

Increased in greenhouse gases- the lack of trees also allows a greater amount of greenhouse
gases to be released into the atmosphere. Presently, the tropical rainforests of South America
are responsible for 20% of Earth’s oxygen and they are disappearing at a rate of 4 hectares a
decade. If these rates are not stopped and reversed, the consequences will become even more
severe.

Less Water in the Atmosphere

The trees also help control the level of water in the atmosphere by helping to regulate the water
cycle. With fewer trees left, due to deforestation, there is less water in the air to be returned to
the soil. In turn, this causes dryer soil and the inability to grow crops, an ironic twist when
considered against the fact that 80% of deforestation comes from small-scale agriculture and
cattle ranching.

Soil Erosion and Flooding

Further effects of deforestation include soil erosion and coastal flooding. trees also function to
retain water and topsoil, which provides the rich nutrients to sustain additional forest life.

Destruction of Homelands

the indigenous tribes who depend on them to sustain their way of life are also irreparably
damaged.
Illegal mining and logging
Illegal mining is mining activity that is undertaken without state permission, in particular in
absence of land rights, mining licenses, and exploration or mineral transportation permits
Effects of illegal mining
AIR

Mining has an effect on the quality of the air. Coal mines releases methane that contributes to
environmental issues since it contains greenhouse gas.
Some cooling plants may release these ozone-depleting substances yet the amount released is
just very small.
Heavy metals like sulfur dioxide is polluted into the air by unsafe smelter operations with
insufficient safeguards.
Gold mining industry is actually one of the most destructive industries in the world because of
the toxins released into the air.
Another side effect of mining are acid rain and smog.
A total of 142 million tons of sulfur dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere, every year because of
smelting and that is 13% of total global emissions.
WATER

When sulfide is oxidized through contact with air via mining, it forms sulfuric acid and when this
is combined with trace elements, it has a negative impact on groundwater. This happens both
surface and underground mines.
Chemical deposits that are left over from explosives are usually toxic and it increase the salinity
of mine water as well as contaminating it. Through the “in situ” mining groundwater can be
directly contaminated, in which a solvent seeps into un-mined rock, leaching minerals.
Toxins like cyanide and mercury are used in the extraction of minerals that can permanently
pollute the water, making it difficult to the fishermen to find fish.
Spills into the lakes and ocean also add toxic to heavy metals and sulfuric acid to the
environment, where it can take years.
LAND

Land impacts are immense in mining which involves moving large quantities of rock and in
surface mining. Almost all of the mined ore of non-ferrous metals become waste.
Mining activities might as well lead to erosion which is very dangerous for the land.
This also leads to destruction of river banks and changes how the river flows, where it flows,
what lives in it, etc.
Toxins such as cyanide and by products like mercury which is used in the extraction of minerals
can permanently pollute the land and people will no longer be able to farm in certain places.
Open-pit mining also leaves behind large craters that can be seen from outer-space.
Due to people digging in search of precious minerals, a lot of areas are pock marked by
thousands of small holes.
ECOSYSTEM

Deep sea mines are at risk in eliminating rare and potentially valuable organisms.
Mining also destroys animal habitats and ecosystem.
Those activity that surrounds the mine which includes explosions, transportation of goods, road
construction, the movement of people, the sound made, etc are actually harmful to the
ecosystem and will change the way animals have to live since they will have a new way to cope
with the mine and live around it.
In general, spills of deadly substances have a very negative effect on animals and ecosystem.
Discharged toxins and tailing from the mines can disrupt and disturb the way animals live.
By adding or taking out something from the animals’ everyday lives, mining can completely
destroy the ecosystem.
LOCAL COMMUNITIES

Loss of agricultural and livelihood.

Due to huge environmental, social and cultural costs, this puts extreme stress on health, food
security, displacement, and respiratory diseases.
Mining companies who promised to provide scholarships and livelihood to the affected people
are mere palliatives in comparison to the massive environmental destruction and are long-term
negative heath impacts of unsustainable mining practices.
Mining is still considered as a hazardous industry, though it has its advantages  yet the
disadvantages far outweigh the advantages of its existence.

Air pollution[
Due to industrial waste and automobiles, Manila suffers from air pollution,[14][15] affecting 98% of
the population.[16] Annually, the air pollution causes more than 4,000 deaths. 
Ex. Ermita is Manila's most air polluted district due to open dump sites and industrial waste.
[17]
 According to a report in 2003
Effects of air pollution

Acidification:
Chemical reactions involving air pollutants can create acidic compounds which can cause harm
to vegetation and buildings. Sometimes, when an air pollutant, such as sulfuric acid combines
with the water droplets that make up clouds, the water droplets become acidic, forming acid
rain. When acid rain falls over an area, it can kill trees and harm animals, fish, and other wildlife.

Acid rain destroys the leaves of plants.

When acid rain infiltrates into soils, it changes the chemistry of the soil making it unfit for many
living things that depend on the soil as a habitat or for nutrition. Acid rain also changes the
chemistry of the lakes and streams that the rainwater flows into, harming fish and other aquatic
life.

Eutrophication:
Rain can carry and deposit the Nitrogen in some pollutants on rivers and soils. This will
adversely affect the nutrients in the soil and water bodies. This can result in algae growth in
lakes and water bodies, and make conditions for other living organisms harmful.

Ground-level ozone:
Chemical reactions involving air pollutants create a poisonous gas ozone (O3). Gas Ozone can
affect people’s health and can damage vegetation types and some animal life too.

Particulate matter:
Air pollutants can be in the form of particulate matter which can be very harmful to our health.
The level of effect usually depends on the length of time of exposure, as well the kind and
concentration of chemicals and particles exposed to. Short-term effects include irritation to the
eyes, nose and throat, and upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia.
Others include headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions. Short-term air pollution can
aggravate the medical conditions of individuals with asthma and emphysema. Long-term
health effects can include chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even
damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys. Continual exposure to air pollution affects the
lungs of growing children and may aggravate or complicate medical conditions in the elderly.

climate change

It is a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from

the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of
atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.

As an island country located in the Southeast Asia Pacific region, the Philippines is extremely
vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Some of these impacts include increased frequency
and severity of natural disasters, sea level rise, extreme rainfall, global warming, resource
shortages, and environmental degradation.[19] All of these impacts together have greatly affected the
Philippines’ agriculture, water, infrastructure, human health, and coastal ecosystems and they are
projected to continue having devastating damages to the economy and society of the Philippines.[19]

Effects of climate change

Most plants and animals live in areas with very specific climate conditions, such as temperature
and rainfall patterns, that enable them to thrive. Any change in the climate of an area can affect
the plants and animals living there, as well as the makeup of the entire ecosystem. Some
species are already responding to a warmer climate by moving to cooler locations. For example,
some North American animals and plants are moving farther north or to higher elevations to find
suitable places to live. Climate change also alters the life cycles of plants and animals. For
example, as temperatures get warmer, many plants are starting to grow and bloom earlier in the
spring and survive longer into the fall. Some animals are waking from hibernation sooner or
migrating at different times, too.
Wildlife Extinction
Extinction of a particular animal or plant species occurs when there are no more individuals of
that species alive anywhere in the world - the species has died out. This is a natural part of
evolution.

Effects on Wildlife extinction

The Philippine Eagle, also known as the Monkey-eating Eagle, is among the rarest, largest, and
most powerful birds in the world. It is critically endangered, mainly due to massive loss of habitat
due to deforestation in most of its range. Killing a Philippine Eagle is punishable under
Philippine law by twelve years in jail and heavy fines

CLEAN water ACT

SEC. 27. Prohibited Acts. - The following acts are hereby prohibited: a) Discharging, depositing
or causing to be deposited material of any kind directly or indirectly into the water bodies or
along the margins of any surface water, where, the same shall be liable to be washed into such
surface water, either by tide action or by storm, floods or otherwise, which could cause water
pollution or impede natural flow in the water body; b) Discharging, injecting or allowing to seep
into the soil or sub-soil any substance in any form that would pollute groundwater. In the case of
geothermal projects, 14 and subject to the approval of the Department, regulated discharge for
short-term activities (e.g. well testing, flushing, commissioning, venting) and deep re-injection of
geothermal liquids may be allowed: Provided, That safety measures are adopted to prevent the
contamination of the groundwater; c) Operating facilities that discharge regulated water
pollutants without the valid required permits or after the permit was revoked for any violation of
any condition therein; d) Disposal of potentially infectious medical waste into sea water by
vessels unless the health or safety of individuals on board the vessel is threatened by a great
and imminent peril; e) Unauthorized transport or dumping into sea waters of sewage sludge or
solid waste as defined under Republic Act No. 9003; f) Transport, dumping or discharge of
prohibited chemicals, substances or pollutants listed under Republic Act No. 6969; g) Operate
facilities that discharge or allow to seep, willfully or through gross negligence, prohibited
chemicals, substances or pollutants listed under R. A. No. 6969, into water bodies or wherein
the same shall be liable to be washed into such surface, ground, coastal, and marine water; h)
Undertaking activities or development and expansion of projects, or operating wastewater/
sewerage facilities in violation of Presidential Decree No. 1586 and its implementing rules and
regulations; i) Discharging regulated water pollutants without the valid required discharge permit
pursuant to this Act or after the permit was revoked for any violation of any condition therein; j)
Noncompliance of the LGU with the Water Quality Framework and Management Area Action
Plan. In such a case, sanctions shall be imposed on the local government officials concerned; k)
Refusal to allow entry, inspection and monitoring by the Department in accordance with this Act;
l) Refusal to allow access by the Department to relevant reports and records in accordance with
this Act; m) Refusal or failure to submit reports whenever required by the Department in
accordance with this Act; n) Refusal or failure to designate pollution control officers whenever
required by the Department in accordance with this Act; and o) Directly using booster pumps in
the distribution system or tampering with the water supply in such a way as to alter or impair the
water quality. SEC. 28. Fines, Damages and Penalties. - Unless otherwise provided herein, any
person who commits any of the prohibited acts provided in the immediately preceding section or
violates any of the provision of this Act or its implementing rules and regulations, shall be fined
by the Secretary, upon the recommendation of the PAB in the amount of not less than Ten
thousand pesos (P10,000.00) nor more than Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000.00) for
every day of violation. The fines herein prescribed shall be increased by ten percent (10%)
every two (2) years to compensate for inflation and to maintain the deterrent function of such
fines: Provided, That the Secretary, upon recommendation of the PAB may order the closure,
suspension of development or construction, or cessation of operations or, where appropriate
disconnection of water supply, until such time that proper environmental safeguards are put in
place and/or compliance with this Act or its rules and regulations are undertaken. This
paragraph shall be without prejudice to the issuance of an ex parte order for such closure,
suspension of development or construction, or cessation of operations during the pendency of
the case. Failure to undertake clean-up operations, willfully, or through gross negligence, shall
be punished by imprisonment of not less than two (2) years and not more than four (4) years
and a fine not less than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) and not more than One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) per day for each day of violation. Such failure or refusal which
results in serious injury or loss of life and/or irreversible water contamination of surface, ground,
coastal and marine water shall be punished with imprisonment of not less than six (6) years and
one (1) day and not more than twelve (12) years, and a fine of Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) per day for each day during which the omission and/or contamination continues.
In case of gross violation of this Act, the PAB shall issue a resolution recommending that the
proper government agencies file criminal charges against the violators. 15 Gross violation shall
mean any of the following: (a) deliberate discharge of toxic pollutants identified pursuant to
Republic Act No. 6969 in toxic amounts; (b) five (5) or more violations within a period of two (2)
years; or (c) blatant disregard of the orders of the PAB, such as the non-payment of fines,
breaking of seals or operating despite the existence of an order for closure, discontinuance or
cessation of operation. In which case, offenders shall be punished with a fine of not less than
Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00) but not more than Three million pesos
(P3,000,000.00) per day for each day of violation or imprisonment of not less than six (6) years
but not more than ten (10) years, or both, at the discretion of the court. If the offender is a
juridical person, the president, manager and the pollution control officer or the official in charge
of the operation shall suffer the penalty herein provided. For violations falling under Section 4 of
Presidential Decree No. 979 or any regulations prescribed in pursuance thereof, such person
shall be liable for a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) nor more than One
million pesos (P1,000,000.00) or by imprisonment of not less than one (1) year nor more than
six (6) years or both, for each offense, without prejudice to the civil liability of the offender in
accordance with existing laws. If the offender is a juridical entity, then its officers, directors,
agents or any person primarily responsible shall be held liable: Provided, That any vessel from
which oil or other harmful substances are discharged in violation of Section 4 of Presidential
Decree No. 979 shall be liable for penalty of fine specified in the immediately preceding
paragraph and clearance of such vessel from the port of the Philippines may be withheld until
the fine is paid and such penalty shall constitute a lien on such vessel which may be recovered
in proceedings by libel in rem in the proper court which the vessel may be. The owner or
operator of a vessel or facility which discharged the oil or other harmful substances will be liable
to pay for any clean-up costs.
Clean air act of 1999
The State recognizes that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is primarily
area-based.
The State also recognizes the principle that "polluters must pay".
Finally, the State recognizes that a clean and healthy environment is for the good of all and
should therefore be the concern of all.
Section 20. Ban on Incineration. - Incineration, hereby defined as the burning of municipal, bio-
medical and hazardous wastes, which process emits poisonous and toxic fumes, is hereby
prohibited: Provided, however, That the prohibition shall not apply to traditional small-scale
method of community/neighborhood sanitation "siga", traditional, agricultural, cultural, health,
and food preparation and crematoria:
Local government units are hereby mandated to promote, encourage and implement in their
respective jurisdiction a comprehensive ecological waste management that includes waste
segregation, recycling and composting.
Section 21. Pollution from Motor Vehicles. - a) The DOTC shall implement the emission
standards for motor vehicles set pursuant to and as provided in this Act. To further improve the
emission standards, the Department shall review, revise and publish the standards every two
(2) years, or as the need arises. It shall consider the maximum limits for all major pollutants to
ensure substantial improvement in air quality for the health, safety and welfare of the general
public.
Section 23. Second-Hand Motor Vehicle Engines. - Any imported secondhand motor vehicle
engine shall not be introduced into commerce, sold or used unless it complies with emission
standards set pursuant to this Act.
Section 24. Pollution from Smoking. - Smoking inside a public building or an enclosed public
place including public vehicles and other means of transport or in any enclosed area outside of
one's private residence, private place of work or any duly designated smoking area is hereby
prohibited under this Act. This provision shall be implemented by the LGUs.
Section 31. Greenhouse Gases. - The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
Service Administration (PAGASA) shall regularly monitor meteorological factors affecting
environmental conditions including ozone depletion and greenhouse gases and coordinate with
the Department in order to effectively guide air pollution monitoring and standard-setting
activities.
Section 33. Radioactive Emissions. - All projects which will involve the use of atomic and/or
nuclear energy, and will entail release and emission of radioactive substances into the
environment, incident to the establishment or possession of nuclear energy facilities and
radioactive materials, handling, transport, production, storage, and use of radioactive materials,
shall be regulated in the interest of public health and welfare by the Philippine Nuclear Research
Institute (PNRI), in coordination with the Department and other appropriate government
agencies.
Fines And Penalties Section 45. Violation of Standards for Stationary Sources. - For actual
exceedance of any pollution or air quality standards under this Act or its rules and regulations,
the Department, through the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB), shall impose a fine of not more
than One hundred thousand pesos (Php100,000.00) for every day of violation against the owner
or operator of a stationary source until such time that the standards have been complied with.
For purposes of the application of the fines, the PAB shall prepare a fine rating system to adjust
the maximum fine based on the violator's ability to pay, degree of willfulness, degree of
negligence, history of noncompliance and degree of recalcitrance: Provided, That in case of
negligence, the first time offender's ability to pay may likewise be considered by the Pollution
Adjudication Board: Provided, further, That in the absence of any extenuating or aggravating
circumstances, the amount of fine for negligence shall be equivalent to one-half of the fine for
willful violation. The fines herein prescribed shall be increased by at least ten percent (10%)
every three (3) years to compensate for inflation and to maintain the deterrent function of such
fines. In addition to the fines, the PAB shall order the closure, suspension of development,
construction, or operations of the stationary sources until such time that proper environmental
safeguards are put in place: Provided, That an establishment found liable for a third offense
shall suffer permanent closure immediately. This paragraph shall be without prejudice to the
immediate issuance of an ex parte order for such closure, suspension of development or
construction, or cessation of operations during the pendency of the case upon prima facie
evidence that there is imminent threat to life, public health, safety or PRIME - M4 Page 26 of 29
general welfare, or to plant or animal life, or whenever there is an exceedance of the emission
standards set by the Department and/or the Board and/or the appropriate LGU. Section 46.
Violation of Standards for Motor Vehicles. - No motor vehicle shall be registered with the DOTC
unless it meets the emission standards set by the Department as provided in Section 21 hereof.
Any vehicle suspected of violation of emission standards through visual signs, such as, but not
limited to smoke-belching, shall be subjected to an emission test by a duly authorized testing
center for this purpose, the DOTC or its authorized testing center shall establish a roadside
inspection system. Should it be shown that there was no violation of emission standards, the
vehicle shall be immediately released. Otherwise, a testing result indicating an exceedance of
the emission standards would warrant the continuing custody of the impounded vehicle unless
the appropriate penalties are fully paid, and the license plate is surrendered to the DOTC
pending the fulfillment of the undertaking by the owner/operator of the motor vehicle to make the
necessary repairs so as to comply with the standards. A pass shall herein be issued by the
DOTC to authorize the use of the motor vehicle within a specified period that shall not exceed
seven (7) days for the sole purpose of making the necessary repairs on the said vehicle. The
owner/operator of the vehicle shall be required to correct its defects and show proof of
compliance to the appropriate pollution control office before the vehicle can be allowed to be
driven on any public or subdivision roads. In addition, the driver and operator of the
apprehended vehicle shall undergo a seminar on pollution control and management conducted
by the DOTC and shall also suffer the following penalties: a) First offense - a fine not to exceed
Two thousand pesos (Php2,000.00); b) Second offense - a fine not less than Two thousand
pesos (Php2,000.0) and not to exceed Four thousand pesos (Php4,000.00); and c) Third
offense - one (1) year suspension of the Motor Vehicle Registration (MVR) and a fine of not less
than Four thousand pesos (Php4,000.00) and not more than Six thousand pesos (Php6,000.00).
Any violation of the provisions of Section 21 paragraph (d) with regard to national inspection and
maintenance program, including technicians and facility compliance shall be penalized with a
fine of not less than Thirty thousand pesos (Php30,000.00) or cancellation of license of both the
technician and the center, or both, as determined by the DTI. All law enforcement officials and
deputized agents accredited to conduct vehicle emissions testing and apprehensions shall
undergo a mandatory training on emission standards and regulations. For this purpose, the
Department, together with the DOTC, DTI, DOST, Philippine National Police (PNP) and other
concerned agencies and private entities shall design a training program. Section 47. Fines and
Penalties for Violations of Other Provisions in the Act. - For violations of all other provisions
provided in this Act and of the rules and regulations thereof, a fine of not less than Ten
thousand pesos (Php10,000.00) but not more than One hundred thousand pesos
(Php100,000.00) or six (6) months to six (6) years imprisonment or both shall be imposed. If the
offender is a juridical person, the president, manager, directors, trustees, the pollution control
officer or the officials directly in charge of the operations shall suffer the penalty herein provided.
Section 48. Gross Violations. - In case of gross violation of this Act or its implementing rules and
regulations, the PAB shall recommend to the proper government agencies to file the appropriate
criminal charges against the violators. The PAB shall assist the public prosecutor in the litigation
of the case. Gross violation shall mean (a) three (3) or more specific offenses within a period of
(1) year, (b) three (3) or more specific offenses within three (3) consecutive years; (c) blatant
disregard of the orders of the PAB, such as but not limited to the breaking of seal, padlocks and
other similar devices, or operating despite the existence of an order for closure, discontinuance
or cessation of operation; and (d) irreparable or grave damage to the environment as a
consequence of any violation or omission of the provisions of this Act. Offenders shall be
punished with imprisonment of not less than six (6) years but not more than ten (10) years at the
discretion of the court. If the offender is a juridical person, the president, manager, directors,
trustees, the pollution control officer or the officials directly in charge of the operations shall
suffer the penalty herein provided.
Ra. 6969

Section 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is the policy of the State to regulate, restrict or prohibit
the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical
substances and mixtures that present unreasonable risk and/or injury to health or the
environment; to prohibit the entry, even in transit, of hazardous and nuclear wastes and their
disposal into the Philippine territorial limits for whatever purpose; and to provide advancement
and facilitate research and studies on toxic chemicals.

Section 3. Scope. – This Act shall cover the importation, manufacture, processing, handling,
storage, transportation, sale, distribution, use and disposal of all unregulated chemical
substances and mixtures in the Philippines, including the entry, even in transit as well as the
keeping or storage and disposal of hazardous and nuclear wastes into the country for whatever
purpose.

Section 13. Prohibited Acts. – The following acts and omissions shall be considered unlawful:

a) Knowingly use a chemical substance or mixture which is imported, manufactured,

processed or distributed in violation of this Act or implementing rules and regulations or
orders;

b) Failure or refusal to submit reports, notices or other information, access to records, as

required by this Act, or permit inspection of establishment where chemicals are
manufactured, processed, stored or otherwise held;

c) Failure or refusal to comply with the pre-manufacture and pre-importation

requirements; and

d) Cause, aid or facilitate, directly or indirectly, in the storage, importation, or bringing

into Philippines territory, including its maritime economic zones, even in transit, either by
means of land, air or sea transportation or otherwise keeping in storage any amount of
hazardous and nuclear wastes in any part of the Philippines.

Section 14. Criminal Offenses and Penalties. –

a) (i) The penalty of imprisonment of six (6) months and one day to six (6) years and one
day and a fine ranging from Six hundred pesos (P600.00) to Four thousand pesos
(P4,000.00) shall be imposed upon any person who shall violate section 13 (a) to (c) of
this Act and shall not be covered by the Probation Law.f the offender is a foreigner, he or
she shall be deported and barred from any subsequent entry into the Philippines after
serving his or her sentence;
 ii) In case any violation of this Act is committed by a partnership, corporation, association
or any juridical person, the partner, president, director or manager who shall consent to
or shall knowingly tolerate such violation shall be directly liable and responsible for the
act of the employee and shall be criminally liable as a co-principal;

(iii) In case the offender is a government official or employee, he or she shall, in addition
to the above penalties, be deemed automatically dismissed from office and permanently
disqualified from holding any elective or appointive position.

b) (i) The penalty of imprisonment of twelve (12) years and one day to twenty (20) years,
shall be imposed upon any person who shall violate section 13 (d) of this Act.f the
offender is a foreigner, he or she shall be deported and barred from any subsequent
entry into the Philippines after serving his or her sentence;

(ii) In the case of corporations or other associations, the above penalty shall be imposed
upon the managing partner, president or chief executive in addition to an exemplary
damage of at least Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00).f it is a foreign firm, the
director and all officers of such foreign firm shall be barred from entry into the
Philippines, in addition to the cancellation of its license to do business in the Philippines;

(iii) In case the offender is a government official or employee, he or she in addition to the
above penalties be deemed automatically dismissed from office and permanently
disqualified from holding any elective or appointive position.

c) Every penalty imposed for the unlawful importation, entry, transport, manufacture,
processing, sale or distribution of chemical substances or mixtures into or within the
Philippines shall carry with it the confiscation and forfeiture in favor of the Government of
the proceeds of the unlawful act and instruments, tools or other improvements including
vehicles, sea vessels, and aircrafts used in or with which the offense was committed.
Chemical substances so confiscated and forfeited by the Government at its option shall
be turned over to the Department of Environment and Natural resources for safekeeping
and proper disposal.

d) The person or firm responsible or connected with the bringing or importation into the
country of hazardous or nuclear wastes shall be under obligation to transport or send
back said prohibited wastes;

Any and all means of transportation, including all facilities and appurtenances that may
have been used in transporting to or in the storage in the Philippines of any significant
amount of hazardous or nuclear wastes shall at the option of the government be forfeited
in its favor.

Section 15. Administrative Fines. – In all cases of violations of this Act, including violations of
implementing rules and regulations which have been duly promulgated and published in
accordance with Section 16 of this Act, the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources is
hereby authorized to impose a fine of not less than Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00), but not
more than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00) upon any person or entity found guilty thereof.
The administrative fines imposed and collected by the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources shall accrue to a special fund to be administered by the Department exclusively for
projects and research activities relative to toxic substances and mixtures.