12.

TOURISM NOWADAYS_Answer key

II.
1. What is the distinctive feature of the trend in tourism in the post-crisis period? – In the
post crisis period, Tourism has seen a constant growth.
2. What was the general trend in Europe in 2016 as regards tourist arrivals? – Europe
registered both increases and declines.
3. Which were the factors that impinged on the trend in Europe? – The factors are
connected to safety and security challenges.
4. What was the region in Europe with the poorest results in 2016? – It’s Western Europe,
where results were flat.
5. What was the sub-region in Asia and the Pacific recording the best results? – It was
Oceania.
6. What is the limitation of the statistics presented in relation to Africa and the Middle
East? – There are not enough data available.

III. Read the text again to find words/ phrases that mean:
1. the act of coming to or reaching a place; a person who has arrived somewhere; -
ARRIVAL
2. done, happening, or for use overnight (adj.); - OVERNIGHT
3. the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness; - REBOUND
4. the state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy; - WELLBEING
5. a property of a moving body that the body has by virtue of its mass and motion and
that is equal to the product of the body's mass and velocity; broadly :a property of a
moving body that determines the length of time required to bring it to rest when under
the action of a constant force or moment; the driving force or advancing strength of a
development or course of events; - MOMENTUM
6. a number or percentage that is between 10 and 99; - DOULE-DIGIT
7. to counteract (something) by having an equal and opposite force or effect; - TO
OFFSET
8. to control and make use of (natural resources), especially to produce energy; - TO
HARNESS
9. a person's point of view or general attitude to life; a view; - OUTLOOK
10. firm/ secure/ thorough/ reliable. - SOLID

IV. A. +B

RISE DRAMATIC FALL DRAMATIC FLUCTUATION STAGNATION RECOVERY

RISE FALL
to grow TO BOOM decrease crisis to be uneven
to be maintained rebound
at
growth TO ROCKET decline DOWNTURN TO GO UP AND to be flat recovery
DOWN
positive deficit CRASH TO STAY AT TO RALLY
momentum
To increase TO
FALL
 V. Provide the corresponding adverb for the following adjectives:
ADJECTIVE ADVERB
VI.

1. slight 1. slightly
2. gradual 2. gradually
3. progressive 3. progressively
4. slow 4. slowly
5. moderate 5. moderately
6. sharp 6. sharply
7. dramatic 7. dramatically
8. sudden 8. suddenly
9. rapid 9. rapidly
10. quick 10. quickly
11. swift 11. swiftly
12. abrupt 12. abruptly
13. steady 13. steadily
14. constant 14. constantly

VII. A. Suggested answers:

1.
2000 saw a ___SUDDEN_______ drop in
production, followed by a
_QUICK_________ recovery in 2001.

2.
The customer satisfaction rate has been
rising ____CONSTANTLY______
between January and May, before
beginning its ___DRADUAL_______
descent to today's figure of 26%.
3.
arrivals began to increase. They went up …
STEADILY…..for twenty years. Then, we
experienced a ……SLIGHT……….fall,
but our arrivals …QUICKLY………
rallied. And, according to our estimates,
our turnover will ……
Things were going pretty fine until 1975,
PROGRESSIVELY…….go up in the
when we’ve seen a sudden drop in arrivals.
future.
We managed to recover soon, however, and
4.
Since 2004, we have had a great success
with our products, as sales have gone up
……SWIFTLY…..

5.
Prices were rising ……
CONSTANTLY………from January to
July, then jumped …
ABRUPTLY…………..in August, and then
fell…DRAMATICALLY………..again.

B. Suggested answers
1.
In our company, car production shows a
slight …IMPROVEMENT….

2. Production reached a …PEAK….and then

…FELL……..rapidly.

3.
Costs of production …
REMAINED……..steady and then
…………ROSE……substantially.

4. Coffee sales have …

BOOMED………..over the recent period.
 VIII.

Expenditure on Education in Hong Kong 2005 to 2008

Breakdown of spending 2005-6 2006-7 2007-8 The total public

expenditure on education
Total expenditure ($ million) 33,611 39,165 45,315 in Hong Kong …….1
INCREASED/ ROSE
As % of government budget 17.6% 18% 18.2%
……..continuously from
% spent on 2005 to 2008. In academic
year 2005-2006 it ……2
primary education 22.2% 21.5% 21.6% WAS …….HK$33,611
33.7% 33.2% 33.5% million, ……3 RISING
secondary education
35.9% 36.7% 35.9% ……..to $39,165 million in
tertiary education . . . 2006-7 and $45,315 million
in 2007-8. As a percentage
of the government’s budget,
spending on education also increased ……4 EACH …….year . However, the percentage of
expenditure spent on primary, secondary and tertiary education did not show the same
consistent ……5… RISE …. .In 2005-6 expenditure on primary education was 22.2% of the
education budget, 33.7% ………6… WAS SPENT ….on secondary, and 35.9% on tertiary.
In 2006-7 an increase of 0.8% in spending on tertiary education …………7… WAS
FINANCED …….by a …..…8… DROP …in spending of 0.7% in primary and 0.5% in
secondary schooling. In 2007-8 tertiary spending as a percent of the education budget
…………9… RETURNED …..to its 2005-6 level. The percentage spent on primary
education ………10… ROSE/ INCREASED……..to 21.6% and that on secondary to 33.5%,
…………11… BOTH ……figures being ………12 LESS …….than 2005-6 levels.

IX.
a.
Country GNP per head Daily calorie Life expectancy Infant mortality 
(2005: US supply per head at birth (years) (per 1000 live
dollars) births
Bangladesh 140 1877 40 132
Bolivia 570 2086 50 124
Egypt 690 2950 56 97
Indonesia 580 2296 49 87
USA 13160 3653 74 12
The table uses ……1…FOUR….. economic indicators to show the standard of living
in ………2…FIVE…… selected countries in 2005.  Overall, it can be seen that the quality of
life in the USA was far …….3BETTER…….. than the other …..4FOUR……. countries.
To begin, the USA, which is a developed country, had the highest GNP at ………5…
13160…. dollars per head.  It also had a much higher daily calorie intake and life expectancy,
and the ……6LOWEST……. rate of infant mortality.
The other developing countries had quality of life ratings that were
…….7MUCH……… lower.  The range of indicators for Egypt, Indonesia and Bolivia were
similar, with ……8EGYPT…… having the highest quality of life amongst the three. 
However, the infant mortality rate in Egypt was slightly ……9…HIGHER…. than
Indonesia’s, at 97 deaths per 1000, ………10…DROPPING… to 87 in Indonesia.

b. Proportion of household income five European countries spend on food

and drink, housing, clothing and entertainment.

Food and
  Housing Clothing Entertainment
drink
France 25% 31% 7% 13%
Germany 22% 33% 15% 19%
UK 27% 37% 11% 11%
Turkey 36% 20% 12% 10%
Spain 31% 18% 8% 15%

The table …….1…SHOWS…….. the amount of household income that five countries
in Europe spend per month on ……….2…FOUR……….. items. Overall, it is obvious that
………3…ALL….. five countries spend the majority of their income on food and drink and
housing.
……4…HOUSING……. is the largest expenditure item for France, Germany and the
UK, with all of them spending around one …..5THIRD……… of their income on this, at
31%, 33% and 37%, respectively. In contrast, they spend around a quarter on food and drink.
However, this pattern is reversed for Turkey and Spain, which spend around a fifth of
their income on ……….6…HOUSING…….., but approximately one …….7THIRD………
on food and drink.
All five countries spend much less on the remaining two items. France and Spain spend
the ……8…LEAST…., at less than 10%, while the other three countries spend around the
same amount, ranging between 11% and 15%. At 19%, Germany spends the most on …..9…
ENTERTAINMENT…., whereas UK and Turkey spend approximately ………10…
HALF……. this amount, with France and Spain between the two.