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02-2016
Course Outcome:
CO1 Conduct each experiment correctly through established procedures and good record
keeping. [PO1, LO1, SS1]{C2}.
CO2 Analyze the basic experimental data accordingly as required by each experiment
[PO2, LO3, SS1]{C4}.
CO3 Produce a basic technical report for each experiment in a structured format and
professional manner [PO9, LO4, SS2]{A2}.
CO4 Work in a group as a leader or as a member [PO10, LO9, SS3]{A4}.
1.0 OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this experiment are:
1. to determine experimentally the magnitude of the force of pressure (hydrostatic force)
and its point of action (centre of pressure) on a plane surface,
2. to compare the experimental results with the theoretical values.
Thermofluids Lab – MEC454 / LS1/ Rev. 02-2016
2.0 APPARATUS
(α)
(1)
(5)
(7)
y1
G
y
y2 y
Thermofluids Lab – MEC454 / LS1/ Rev. 02-2016
Total pressure
It is the resultant force exerted by a static fluid on a surface when the fluid comes in contact
with the surface. It is also called hydrostatic force.
F g hA (1)
where
F is the total pressure (hydrostatic force)
ρ is the mass density of the liquid,
g is the gravitational acceleration,
A is the submerged area of the plane surface,
h is the vertical distance from the liquid surface to the centroid of the
submerged plane surface ( h y sin ).
Centre of pressure
It is the point of application of the total pressure (hydrostatic force) on the surface.
I sin 2
h* G h (2)
hA
where
Notes:
For a rectangle surface:
bh3
IG x (3)
12
Thermofluids Lab – MEC454 / LS1/ Rev. 02-2016
O
h1
y1 h*
h2
y*
y2
F
2s
h* (4)
3
L O
L
F FG (5)
FG
s s 2 s1 (6)
s2
s
h* s 200 (7)
200 mm F s/3
s1
3cos
L, , s, and h* in mm
1. Put the data obtained in the tables. Calculate the remaining parameters using formula
given in the theoretical part (equations (4) to (9)).
2. Calculate the hydrostatic forces and the centers of pressure for both part A and part B
theoretically using equations (1) and (2).
6.0 REPORT
Each group must submit a report no later than one week after the experiment. The report
must contain at least:
1. Cover page
2. Typed introduction, theoretical background, procedures, data and tables (to be done
by the group)
3. Discussion, conclusion and references (to be done individually in the same report)
4. Appendix: Hand written raw data taken during the experiment and signed by the
lecturer (or lab. technician) after the experiment.
Part A: = 0o
Lever Arm Appended Weight Water level Centre of pressure Hydrostatic Force
No.
L (mm) FG (N) s1 (mm) s2 (mm) s (mm) (mm) h* (mm) F (N)
1
2
3
4
5
Part B: =
Lever Arm Appended Weight Water level Centre of pressure Hydrostatic Force
No.
L (mm) FG (N) s1 (mm) s2 (mm) s (mm) (mm) h* (mm) F (N)
1
2
3
4
5