Name : Kenti Sugiyati

NPM : 1810302004
Class : 1
Subject: Curriculum and Textbook Analysis
A Review on Development of Textbooks and Other Teaching
and Learning Materials
Textbooks are one of the most important tools in teaching and learning process.
However, in developing textbooks and other teaching-learning materials require
consideration of some aspects to product the most appropriate and suitable materials such as
such as: textbook development, procurement and evaluation; e-learning and e-books;
supplementary materials for teaching and learning; and the teacher as a developer of
curriculum materials. Therefore, those aspects will be unraveled as in the following.
1. Textbook development, procurement and evaluation
The textbook used in teaching-learning have to be accurate and up-to-date
information which match with recent needs. According to Askerud, P. (1997) the planning
and policy issues to be examined in textbook development likely need to be emerged in the
development process. These issues are presented in the Table.

Management Preparation Production Distribution

Selection of subjects Choice of authors, Open competitive Support for public
requiring textbooks. preferably through bidding for printing and school
open competitive and libraries.
bidding. publishing.

Use of national and Multiple textbook Consideration of Open competitive

local languages in titles. textbook/pupil ratio if bidding for
instruction and textbooks are provided distribution.
textbooks. by the state.

Timing of curriculum Availability and Appropriateness of Practical and

reform and revision. provision of textbook design for economical
supplementary reading grade levels. distribution
and other learning methods.
materials.

Procedures for the Professiona Technical Regular and

evaluation and development specifications timely release of
approval of textbooks. for authors, publishing for paper, printing and approved
personnel and binding. textbooks.
educators.
 Criteria for the Affordable and
selection of textbooks. sustainable
financing.

After examining the planning and policy issues in textbook development, there are also steps
to get in-depth consideration such as:

 Analyzing the policy trends in textbook development

 Textbook evaluation and approval

2. E-learning and e-books

The implementation of e-learning requires a clear vision and direction, at least at the
school level, because decisions regarding materials are costly and resources can quickly
become outdated. Based on the perspective assumed, these decisions range from:
• Adapting or developing lesson plans for e-learning activities according to the
curriculum;
• Devising specific instruments for assessment, monitoring and analysis of students’
skills;
• Planning and providing professional development for teachers in the use of ICT
and its implementation
• in e-learning contexts;
• Supporting schools in the integration of ICT-based systems into the dynamics of
the school day;
• Deciding whether to select free-license materials or buy commercial, copyrighted
materials; and
• Developing a policy to regulate ICT use so that students do not circulate improper
material.

3. Supplementary materials for teaching and learning

Supplementary materilas include non-print and printout sourcses such as
reading books, comics, posters, flip charts, videotapes or DVDs and electronic
materials. The choice and use of these multimedia teaching and learning materials
depend on the available technical and financial resources of each country.

4. The teacher as a developer of curriculum materials

To create a relevant and suitable materials for both teacher and students in the
the education unit the teaching-learning process are held, the role of teacher in
developing materials is particularly needed. Supplementary teaching materials are not
designed to cover the full range of experiences students may need to acquire all
concepts and skills required by the syllabus. Therefore, teacher acts as developer of
materials that promote students’s knowledge and attitude in learning.