‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪ /‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪1392‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪61-70‬‬

‫*‬
‫ﺑـﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ‬

‫‪D‬‬
‫**‬
‫‪61‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺍﺣﺴـﺎﻥ ﺩﻳـﺰﺍﻧـﻰ‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘـﺎﻟﻪ‪1389/11/11 :‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ‪1390/04/12 :‬‬

‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬
‫‪e‬‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪iv‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻱ‪-‬ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺷﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ‬
‫ﺳــﻮﻡ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳــﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮﻯ‪-‬‬
‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻠﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﺗﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﺎﭘﻮ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺥﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪ -‬ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻥﻧﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻼﻥ ﺷﻬﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺍژﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ‬

‫* ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻰ ﺍﺭﺷــﺪ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﺑﺎﺯ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ« ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﭘﺮﺩﻳﺲ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Email: ehsan_dizani@yahoo.com‬‬ ‫** ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻯ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻬﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﺎﻧﺶ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ ﺩﻳﺪﻥ ﺭژﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭼﻮﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻭ ﻗﭙﻖﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻯ ﻭ ﮔﺸــﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺬﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻭ ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﻰ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻰﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷــﻬﺮﻯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪» .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺑــﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷــﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻱ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻔﺴــﻴﺮﻯ‪-‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳــﺘﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﺳــﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺳــﻴﻢ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﻬﺮﺷــﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‬
‫)ﻧﺜﺮ ﻭ ﻧﻈﻢ(‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﺣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﺁﻭﺭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻭﺟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺳــﺎﺯﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩ ﺷــﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻧﻘــﺶ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ« )ﺣﺒﻴــﺐ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ .(22 ،1387 ،‬ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﻫﻴﺎﻓﺘﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷــﻬﺮﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﻯ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣﻴــﺎﻥ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﻣﻴــﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﺻﻔــﻮﻯ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ ﻃﺮﺡ‬

‫‪D‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸــﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬

‫‪I‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷــﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ‬
‫‪62‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺷﻨﮕﺮ ﺭﻳﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺘﻰ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﻭﺟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺧﺬ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﮔﻔﺘﺎﺭﻯ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻳﺴــﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑــﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑــﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿــﻮﻉ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺤﺚ‬ ‫‪f‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﺍﺻﻠــﻰ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑــﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ؛ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤــﻞ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃــﺎﺕ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻰ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ‬

‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﻗﺮﻥ ﺩﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻼﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺷــﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪/‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪1392‬‬

‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪﺍﻧــﺪ؛ ﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺄﻥ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺑﺸﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺣﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪v‬‬
‫ﻋﻬﺪ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ )ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺴﺎﺭﻯ‪ (76، 1383،‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫‪e‬‬
‫ﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﺷﺌﻮﻥ ﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻀﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺷﻰ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ‬

‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳــﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺸــﻪ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻰ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻠﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺴــﻜﻮﻧﻰ ﺷــﻬﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻰ‬
‫ﻧﺨﺴــﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺨﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻗﺒﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺯﻣﻴــﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺩﺷــﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﻣﭙﺮﺍﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺍﺭ‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺷــﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﻬﺮﺷــﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻢ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﺷﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳــﻜﻨﺪﺭﺑﻴﮓ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ »ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺁﺭﺍﻯ ﻋﺒﺎﺳــﻰ« ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺷــﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻰﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪ ...» :‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﺵ ‪ ...‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﻪﻯ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻛﻪﻯ‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳــﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ )‪951‬ﻫﺠــﺮﻱ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ( ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻴﺮ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ‬
‫ﺣﺴــﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ »ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ« ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ...» :‬ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳــﺎﻝ ﻗﺸــﻼﻕ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣــﺐ ﺍﻗﺒــﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺭﺳــﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻏﻲ ﺍﺣــﺪﺍﺙ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ‪...‬‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﺴــﻠﻄﻨﻪﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳــﻦ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑــﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺍﺭﻡ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳــﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﻌﺎﺩﺕ ﺁﺑﺎﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻟﻄﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺷﻬﺮﻩﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺑــﺎﻍ ﺟﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ‪) « ...‬ﺗﺮﻛﻤــﺎﻥ‪ .(124، 1344،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻳﻮﺳــﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻧــﻰ ﻧﻴــﺰ ﺩﺭ »ﺧﻠﺪ ﺑﺮﻳﻦ« ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻯ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳــﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻣﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﺳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﺎ ﻃﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ...» :‬ﻭ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧــﻪ ﻯ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻛــﻪ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻍ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺕ ﺁﺑﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﺴــﻠﻄﻨﻪﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭ ﻫﻤﺖ ﻭﺍﻻ ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ«‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺑــﺎﻍ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻻﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻳــﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺣﻮﺽ ﻫﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫)ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻧــﻰ‪ .(398، 1372،‬ﭘﻬﻨﻪﻯ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﺎﻡﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺩ ِﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﺓ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻐﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻃﺎﻕ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﺻﻔﻮﻱ ﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺳــﻴﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳــﭙﻬﺮ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺷــﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻬﺮﺷــﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻣﺴــﺮﺍﻯ ﺷــﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴــﺮ ﻃﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻰ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺳــﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻣﻮﺭ ﻛﺸــﻮﺭﻯ ﻭ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻭ ﭼﻤﻦ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺪﺱ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺮﺝﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻏﺴــﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﺻﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘــﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻧﻬﺮﻱ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﺷــﻲ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺷــﺠﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳــﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺷــﻬﺮ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷــﺪﻥ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ‬

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‫‪5-15‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻛﻠــﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩﺍﻧــﺪ ﻭ ﺭﺩﭘﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺩﺭﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺸــﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻓﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﮔﻞ ﻭ ﻳﺎﺳﻤﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻏﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺭﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﺁﺭﺍﺳﺖ« )ﻗﻤﻲ‪313، 1363،‬ﻭ‪ .(312‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫)ﺷﻜﻞ‪ (4‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ »ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻫﻨﺮ ﻣﻤﺎﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺻﻔﻮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻤﺘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺮﺿﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺮﻭﺳﻪ« ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻲ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ )ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺴﺎﺭﻯ‪(76، 1383،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ 951‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻬﺮﺷــﺎﻫﻲ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷــﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ)ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭ(‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﺭﺳــﻤﻲ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺿــﻲ ﻣﻴﺮ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴــﻴﻨﻲ ﻗﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄــﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪» :‬ﻧﻮﺍﺏ ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻴﺮ ﺷﺎﻫﺰﺍﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍ ﻓﺎﺭﻍ ﮔﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻠﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ّ‬
‫‪63‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬــﻢ ﺗﺮﻳــﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔــﻮﻯ ﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﻜﺮ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ‬
‫ﺷــﻬﺮ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﻗــﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ‬
‫‪D‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠــﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻮﻗﻔﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻼﺩ‬

‫‪I‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻠﺢ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻱ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺁﺭﺍﻱ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ‬

‫‪S‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﻬﺮﺷــﺎﻫﻲ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪ (4‬ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﮔﺸﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ )‪،(E‬‬ ‫ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳــﻂ ﻣﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﺳــﻪ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺸﻼﻕ ﻭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺣﻴﺪﺭﻳﻪ )‪ ،(F‬ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﭘﻮ )‪ ،(B‬ﻛﻼﻩ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻰ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﻝ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳــﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻣﺼﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻼﺩ‬
‫)ﻛﺎﺥ ﭼﻬﻠﺴــﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻯ( ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺑﻴﺮ ﺳــﻴﺎﻗﻰ ﺍﻳــﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ‬
‫»ﺍﺭﺷﻰ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ« ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺩﺑﻴﺮﺳﻴﺎﻗﻰ‪ ،(C) .(389 ،1381 ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﻭﺍﻧﺴﺮﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻩ )‪ ،(H‬ﻗﻴﺼﺮﻳﻪ )‪ (G‬ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ ،(L‬ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﭘﻴﻐﻤﺒﺮﻳﻪ )‪ (O‬ﻭ‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻋ ّﺰ ﻭ ﺟﻼﻝ ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻠﺪﺓ ﻓﺎﺧﺮﻩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺖ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﺑﻊ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺧﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﺴــﻠﻄﻨﺔ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪/‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪1392‬‬

‫ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ« )ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‪.(378 ،‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪v‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴــﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫‪e‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳــﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪962‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﺭﺳــﻤﻲ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻣﻲﺷــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ‬

‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺳــﻴﺮ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﺷــﻬﺮ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺁﻥ« ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻰ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ )ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‪ (459،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻋﺮﻳﺾ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺮﺳــﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻭﻗﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺳﻲ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪» :‬ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ)‪ 965‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ(‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺭﻓﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺕ ﺁﺑﺎﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬
‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ »ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ«‪ 2‬ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳــﺐ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺷــﻬﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺳﭙﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭﻯ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺭﺳــﻴﺪ« )ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ‪ .(398،‬ﺣﺴﻦﺑﻴﮓ ﺭﻭﻣﻠﻮ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ »ﺍﺣﺴــﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ« ﻧﻮﺷــﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪» :‬ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ)‪ 965‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻗﻤﺮﻱ( ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﻦ ﭘﻨــﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧــﺔ ﻧﻮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ«‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﺁﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﻪﺍﻯ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴــﻴﺮ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷــﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﻫــﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫)ﺭﻭﻣﻠﻮ‪ .(519، 1357،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺘﻲ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﺷــﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪951‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ ﻗﻤﺮﻱ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 965‬ﻫﺠﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻗﻤﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻲﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳــﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﭘﻮ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷــﺮﻗﻰ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺑﻰ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪(1‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺷــﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻄﻮﻑ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﻯ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻰ ﺷﻬﺮﺷــﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺮﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻰﻗﺎﭘﻮ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﻧﺸــﺪﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻮﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻠﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺷــﻤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺷــﺮﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺴﻜﻮﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺑــﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻭ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪﺟﺎﻣﻊﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳــﻴﺲ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻯ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻰ‪-‬ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻰ ﻫﻢ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻯ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺳــﻴﻢ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ‬
‫)ﺷﻬﺪﺍﻯ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ( ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪ (2‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﺘــﻮﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨــﻰ‪ ،‬ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳــﺘﻪ‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺍﺣﺴـﺎﻥ ﺩﻳـﺰﺍﻧـﻰ‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪64‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪/‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪1392‬‬
‫‪v‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ .1‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬
‫‪A‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪.2‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
 ‫ﺑـﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ‬
‫‪5-15‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺴــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﻃﻮﻟﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺿﺶ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﻣﻴﻨﻮﺩﺭ« ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪»:‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺬﺑﻮﺭ)ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ(‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ« )ﺩﻻﻭﺍﻟﻪ ‪.(291 ،1348،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧــﻪ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺴــﻤﺖ ﺍﻋﻈــﻢ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺘﺮﻭ ﺩﻻﻭﺍﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﺵ ﻧﻮﺷــﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ »ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺰﺑــﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ »ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳــﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ ﻭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ« ﺑﺎ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳــﭙﻪ« ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ« )ﮔﻠﺮﻳﺰ‪ .(645، 1368،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ »ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻘﺸــﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ« ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪» :‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷــﺎﻫﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﻀﺎﻯ ﺷــﻬﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺷﺎﻩ )ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻯ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻰ ﻗﺒﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺪﺍﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷــﺎﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ« )ﻣﺠﺎﺑﻰ‪ .(494، 1378،‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺳــﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﺵ ﻣﻰﻧﻮﻳﺴــﺪ‪» :‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‬ ‫»ﺑﺎﻍ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ« ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺸــﻪﻯ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺷــﻬﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﻪ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫)ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺴــﺎﺭﻯ‪ (76 ،1383 ،‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳــﺎﻝ ﺻﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻔﺘﺎﺩ ﻫﺠﺮﻯ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪65‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﻨﻴﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺷــﻜﻮﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷــﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﺑﺴــﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺑﺎﺏ ﻫﻤﺎﻳﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬
‫‪D‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ‬

‫‪I‬‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺩﻻﻭﺍﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ‬

‫‪S‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺧﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ‬ ‫‪ (291 ،1348‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ »ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ« ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺬﺑﻮﺭ ﺑﺨﺮﺝ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻼﻧﺪﻥ ﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻓﻼﻧﺪﻥ‪ (101 ،1356 ،‬ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﮔﻠﺮﻳﺰ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﭘﺪﺭ ﻭﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﻓﻮﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ« )ﺷــﺎﺭﺩﻥ‪35 ،1336،‬ﻭ‪ .(36‬ﺷــﺎﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﻭ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺷﺎﻩ‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈــﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ »ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ« ﺗﺎ ﺍﻣﺎﻣﺰﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﻤﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺮﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﺷﻴﺦﺍﻻﺳﻼﻡ )ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭ( ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪/‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪1392‬‬

‫ﺍﺷــﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻣﻰ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ؛ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺗﺮ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ ﻭﻯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ )ﻣﺴــﺠﺪﺟﻤﻌﻪ( ﺷــﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬

‫‪v‬‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺠﺪﺣﻴﺪﺭﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪e‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬

‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺎﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪» .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﺷــﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺭﺩﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻰ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺴﺘﻪﻯ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺷﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺑﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﻯ ﻓﺘﺤﻌﻠﻴﺸﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎ ًﻻ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﺳــﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺏ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﻪ )ﺳﺮﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻰﻗﺎﭘﻮ( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ 3.‬ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ )‪ (N‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﻰ ﺑﻰﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﻛﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﻯ ﻓﺘﺤﻌﻠﻴﺸﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻭﻳﺮﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺑﺮﭘﺎ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ«‬
‫)ﺩﺑﻴﺮﺳﻴﺎﻗﻰ‪ .(601، 1381،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺷﺎﻩ )ﻣﺴﺠﺪﺍﻟﻨﺒﻰ(‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺷــﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ؛ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺷــﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﻗﺪﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫)ﻛﺎﺥ ﭼﻬﻠﺴﺘﻮﻥ(‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﺨﺴــﺖ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ ﻭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺷـﻬﺮ )ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ(‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻪﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺠﺪﻯ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻭﺟــﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺘﺮﻭ ﺩﻻﻭﺍﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﻯ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 1025‬ﻫﺠﺮﻯ ﻗﻤﺮﻯ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺟﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻗﺼﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫»ﺩﻭﻣﻴــﻦ ﭼﻴﺰﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺟﻠﺐ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺮﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺍﺳــﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺴﺠﺪﺷــﺎﻩ )ﻣﺴــﺠﺪﺍﻟﻨﺒﻰ( ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺮ ﺷــﺎﻫﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬

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‫ﺷــﺮﻗﻲ ﻭ ﺷــﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺳــﺮﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺷــﻤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺳــﺮﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻲﻗﺎﭘﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋ ًﺎ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﺷــﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ« )ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ‪ . (484، 1381،‬ﺑﻨﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﺟﺪﻳــﺪ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻬﻠﺴــﺘﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺷــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫)‪ (P‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕﺟﻬﺎﻥﻧﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﺑﻴﮓ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ »ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺁﺭﺍﻯ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻰ« ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ 1003‬ﻫﺠﺮﻯ ﻗﻤﺮﻯ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻯ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕﺟﻬﺎﻥﻧﻤﺎ ﻧﻮﺷــﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ...» :‬ﻣﺠﻤ ً‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺳــﻌﺎﺩﺕ ﺁﺑﺎﺩ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺎﻯ ﺁﺫﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﻭ ﻛﺜﺮﺕ ﺷــﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻭ ﭼﺮﺍﻍ ﺭﺷــﻚ ﺳﭙﻬﺮ ﺑﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺸــﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﺒﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻣــﻜﺎﻥ ﻃﺮﺏ ﺍﻧﮕﻴــﺰ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕﺟﻬﺎﻥﻧﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺷــﺮﻗﻰ ﻭ ﻏﺮﺑﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﻯ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻴﺶ ﻭ ﺷــﺎﺩﻛﺎﻣﻰ ﻭ ﭼﻮﮔﺎﻥﺑــﺎﺯﻯ ﻭ ﻗﺒﻖﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻯ ﻣــﻰ ﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﻴﺪ‪«...‬‬
‫ﻣﻰﺗــﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻌــﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃــﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻣﺤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻰ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺴﺠﺪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺳــﺖﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺘﻰ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺍﺳــﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷــﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫»ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺐ ﺩﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﻣــﻰ ﺑﺎﺷــﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯﺍﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘﺼﺪ ﭘﺎ ﻭ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ« )ﺷــﺎﺭﺩﻥ‪ .(35 ،1336 ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺖ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻟﺶ ‪ 3‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ ‪ 700‬ﻭ ﻋﺮﺽ ‪ 250‬ﭘﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦﺭﻭ‬
‫‪D‬‬

‫‪I‬‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮﺷــﺎﻫﻲ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪ (4‬ﺗﺮﺳــﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺷــﻬﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ )‪(A‬‬
‫‪66‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫)ﺗﺮﻛﻤﺎﻥ‪ (500 ،1334 ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳــﻜﻨﺪﺭﺑﻴﮓ ﺩﺭ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻮﺷــﺘﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪» :‬ﻭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻏﺮﺑﻰ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﻗﺪﻳـﻢ ‪ :‬ﺣﺴــﻦ ﺑﻴــﻚ ﺭﻭﻣﻠــﻮ ﺩﺭ »ﺍﺣﺴــﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ« ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺕ ‪) «...‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ‪. (1111،‬‬
‫ﭘﻰ ﺍﺗﺮﻭﺩﻻﻭﺍﻟﻪ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳــﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﺵ ﻧﻮﺷــﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪» :‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺯﻣﻴــﻦ ﭼﻮﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻭﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫‪f‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ‪ 985‬ﻫﺠﺮﻯ ﻗﻤﺮﻯ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ...» :‬ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﻳﻦ ﭘﻨﺎﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﻪﻯ ﻛﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﻪﻯ ﻧﻮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ‪) «...‬ﺭﻭﻣﻠﻮ‪.(519، 1357،‬‬

‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﺟﺪﻳﺪ )ﻛﺎﺥ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪/‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪1392‬‬

‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺳــﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺎﻕ ﻧﻤﺎﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﻠﺴــﺘﻮﻥ( ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﮔﺸﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺪ ﻫﺴــﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺼﺮ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬

‫‪v‬‬
‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫‪e‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺳــﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﺷــﺎﻫﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ‬

‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﻯ ﭼﻮﮔﺎﻥﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ« )ﺩﻻﻭﺍﻟﻪ‪ .(291، 1348،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺷــﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪،(4‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕﺟﻬﺎﻥﻧﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺫﻛﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻯ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺪﻯ ﺑﻴﻚ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺜﻨﻮﻯ »ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ« ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫»ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﺎﺻﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕﺟﻬﺎﻥﻧﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﻯ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﺳــﺘﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻰ‪-‬‬
‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻰ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻥﻧﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺯﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻮﺍﺳﺖ‪...‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ ﺩﺭﮔﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺳﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻭﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺕ ﻓﺰﺍ‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺯﺍﻯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻥﻧﻤﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ )‪ (M‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻰ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺣﻮﺽﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻭ ﺟﻮﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﮔﻪ ﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮ ﺭﻭﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻯ‬
‫ﻏﻠﻐﻠﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﻯ« )ﺩﺑﻴﺮﺳﻴﺎﻗﻰ‪.(133، 1381،‬‬
‫ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻋﺒﺪﻯ ﺑﻴﻚ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺼــﺮﻉ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺻﻔــﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳــﻢ ﻭ »ﺩﺭﮔﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺳــﺮﺍ« ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﻗﺪﻳــﻢ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻛــﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺷــﺎﻫﻰ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ»ﺑﺎﻍ ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺕ ﻓﺰﺍ« ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯ ﺑﺎﻍ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺮﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻰﻗﺎﭘﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺘــﺮﻭ ﺩﻻﻭﺍﻟﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻯ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﺭﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳــﺮﺩﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻰﻗﺎﭘﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪»:‬ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﮔﻮﺷﻰ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺿﻼﻉ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸــﻴﻤﻨﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺴﻘﻔﻰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ )‪ (R‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺷــﺒﻪ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﻩﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﺸﺮﻑ ﺑﺮ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﺟﺪﻳـﺪ )ﭼﻬﻠﺴـﺘﻮﻥ(‪» :‬ﺑــﺎ ﺗﻮﺟــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﺁﻥ ﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺷــﻌﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳــﻘﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﭼﻨﺎﻧﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﻱﺑﻴــﻚ ﻭ ﻣﺘــﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺻﻔﻮﻱ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺳــﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻓﺶ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﻛﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺷــﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﻱ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻬﻠﺴــﺘﻮﻥ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻮﺍﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺷﻜﻮﺑﺔ‬

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 ‫ﺑـﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ‬
‫‪5-15‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬

‫‪67‬‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻮﺩ« )ﺑﺮﻭﮔﺶ‪.(159 ،1367 ،‬‬

‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ .3‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻮﺍﻥﻧﺎﺩﺭﻯ )ﻛﺎﺥ ﭼﻬﻠﺴﺘﻮﻥ( ﻭ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭﻳﻪ‪.5‬‬

‫ﺍﺷــﺨﺎﺹ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﻯ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎ ﺑﻨﺸﻴﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺡ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺷــﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﻫﻤﺠﻮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ« )ﺩﻻﻭﺍﻟﻪ‪311 ،1348 ،‬ﻭ‪.(312‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪/‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪1392‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ )ﻛﺎﺥ ﭼﻬﻠﺴﺘﻮﻥ( ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﻯ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﺎﺕ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻫﺎﻥ ﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺭﺳــﻴﺎ ﺩ ﺳــﻴﻠﻮ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﻮﻋﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ‬

‫‪v‬‬
‫ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﺷــﺘﻪﻯ ﻗﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ »ﺑﺮﺝﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ«‬
‫‪e‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﮕﻮﺋﻮﺭﺍ ﺳﻔﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ ...» :‬ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺳــﺖ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳــﻔﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺗﺮ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑــﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﭘﺮ ﺩﺭﺧﺖ‬

‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫ﺷــﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ‬
‫ﻧﻴﺴــﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﺷــﺘﻪ ﻫﻨﺮﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﻭﮔﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺳــﻔﺮ ﻭﻯ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺟﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪ (3‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﭘﺮ ﺩﺭﺧﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﻯ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻳﻜﺼﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺠﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﻯ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺵ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺰ ﻳﻚ ﻏﺮﻓﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬
‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻝ ﺑﺎﻏﺎﺕ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴــﻤﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭﻟﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻠﻰ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬
‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳــﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﭼﻮﺑﻰ ﺑﺮﭘﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺟﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﺪﺍﺷــﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻓﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻻﻥ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻞ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﭘﻨﺞ ﭘﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻥ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻑ« )ﺩﺳــﻴﻠﻮ ﻓﻴﮕﻮﺋﻮﺭﺍ‪ .(265 ،1363 ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﻮﺭﺧﺎﻥ‬

‫‪A‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ؛ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺝﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ )‪ (Q‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﮔﻠﻰ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻯ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮﻑ )‪ (D‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺝﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ‪ :‬ﻗﺎﺿﻰﻣﻴﺮﺍﺣﻤﺪﺣﺴﻴﻨﻰﻗﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ »ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ« ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻰ ﻧﻮﻳﺴــﺪ‪ ...» :‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺝﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴــﺮ ﻃﺎﻳﺮ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻯ ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ‪) «...‬ﻗﻤــﻰ ‪ .(312، 1363،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺮﻳﺶ ﺑﺮﻭﮔﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ »ﺳــﻔﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻘﺮﺍﻥ« ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺷﻬﺮﺷــﺎﻫﻲ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺻﻔﻮﻱ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸــﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪» :‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﺗﺮﺍﺱ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺭﻩﺍﻯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﭘﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﺮﻭﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳــﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍً ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺴــﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳــﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻓﺘــﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻠﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﺭ ﭘﻴﭻ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺭﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻡ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﻳﺪﻡ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻈﺮﻩﺍﻯ‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺍﺣﺴـﺎﻥ ﺩﻳـﺰﺍﻧـﻰ‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪68‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪/‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪1392‬‬
‫‪v‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬
‫‪A‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ .4‬ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻰ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻰ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‬

‫‪www.SID.ir‬‬
 ‫ﺑـﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ‬
‫‪5-15‬‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﺷــﺮﺍﻗﻲ‪» ،‬ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻰ ﺷﻜﻞﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻭ ﺩﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﻯ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ« )ﺳــﻴﻤﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ( ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﻳﺰ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀ ًﺎ ﺷــﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻜﺎﺵ‬
‫ﻭ »ﺗﻮﺳــﻌﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ« ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﻬﺪﻯ ﻣﺠﺎﺑﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﻛﻼﻩ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻰ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳــﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺥ ﭼﻬﻠﺴــﺘﻮﻥ )ﻣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ( ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﮔﺸــﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺷــﺘﻪ ﺩﺑﻴﺮ ﺳــﻴﺎﻗﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﻰ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺥ ﭼﻬﻠﺴــﺘﻮﻥ ﺻﻔﻮﻱ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑــﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻠﻪﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻬﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷــﺮﻗﻲ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ‪-‬ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺴــﺘﺮﺵ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﺩﺭ ﻣﺴــﺠﺪﺟﺎﻣﻊﻋﺘﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﺴــﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺳــﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ‬
‫ﺟﻨــﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺳــﭙﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺭﺿﺎﺧﺎﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳــﻰ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺮ)ﻣﺴﺠﺪﺟﺎﻣﻊﻋﺘﻴﻖ( ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﭘﻮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖﻳﺎﺑــﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻫــﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻀﺎﻫﺎﻱ ﺷــﺎﺧﺺ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻯ ﺻﻔﻮﻱ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪69‬‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﺧﻮﺍﺟــﻪ ﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣ ّﻮﻳﺪﻯ ﺷــﻴﺮﺍﺯﻯ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺑــﻪ »ﻋﺒﺪﻯ ﺑﻴﻚ«‬
‫)‪ 978-921‬ﻫﺠﺮﻯ ﻗﻤﺮﻯ( ﺩﺭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻧﻈﻢ ﻭ ﻧﺜﺮ ﻭﻯ ﺍﺷــﻌﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪D‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃــﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴــﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠــﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴــﺖ ﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻛﺎﺥ‬

‫‪I‬‬
‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭼﻬﻠﺴــﺘﻮﻥ )ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﺟﺪﻳﺪ( ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ‬

‫ﻭﺻﻒ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﻨﻪ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪S‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺸــﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﻱ‬
‫‪ .5‬ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻟﺒﻮﻡ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﺥ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺷــﻴﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳــﻂ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻱ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬

‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﻩﻱ ﺍﺳــﺘﺨﺮ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳــﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻥﺧﺎﻧﻪﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺷــﺎﻩ ﻃﻬﻤﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎ ًﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻝ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ)ﻫﺴــﺘﻪ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﺷﻬﺮ( ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪/‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪1392‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺮﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪e‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺑﺮﻭﮔﺶ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺮﻳﺶ‪ ،(1367) ،‬ﺳــﻔﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺳــﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻘﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺮﺩﺑﭽﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺝ ﻛﺒﻮﺗﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺥ ﭼﻬﻠﺴﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪v‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺗﺮﻛﻤــﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳــﻜﻨﺪﺭﺑﻴﮓ‪ ،(1344) ،‬ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﺁﺭﺍﻯ ﻋﺒﺎﺳــﻰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠــﺪﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﻱ ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ‬

‫‪h‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺣﺒﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﺠﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﻴﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﻭﺯﺍﻧﮕﻬﺮ‪ ،(1387) ،‬ﭘﺮﺳﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﺒﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻗﺼﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳــﻠﻄﻨﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺷــﻤﺎﻟﻰ‪-‬ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯﺍﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬

‫‪c‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪ ﺷــﻬﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ )ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪ ﺷــﻬﺮ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﺪ ﺷــﻬﺮ؟(‪،‬‬
‫ﺳــﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﺷــﺘﻪ ﺍﺳــﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫‪r‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪.24- 3،13‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕﺟﻬﺎﻥﻧﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷــﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳــﻲ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺴــﺎﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺪﻯ‪ ،(1383) ،‬ﺑﺎﻍ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳــﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﺁﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺑﻴﺮﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻧﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .5‬ﺩﺳــﻴﻠﻮ ﻓﻴﮕﻮﺋﻮﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺭﺳــﻴﺎ‪ ،(1363) ،‬ﺳــﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﺭﺳــﻴﺎ ﺩ ﺳﻴﻠﻮ‬
‫ﻓﻴﮕﻮﺋﻮﺭﺍ ﺳــﻔﻴﺮ ﺍﺳــﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﺎﻩ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻏﻼﻣﺮﺿﺎ ﺳﻤﻴﻌﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮ ﻧﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻲ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﺯﺷﻨﺎﺳــﻰ ﻭ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫‪ .6‬ﺩﺑﻴﺮﺳــﻴﺎﻗﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺪﻣﺤﻤﺪ‪ ،(1381) ،‬ﺳــﻴﺮﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻬﻨﻪﻯ ﺷﻬﺮﺷﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬
‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎپ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴــﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻼﻥ‬
‫‪ .7‬ﺩﻻﻭﺍﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺘﺮﻭ‪ ،(1348) ،‬ﺳــﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭘﻴﺘﺮﻭ ﺩﻻﻭﺍﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷــﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺷــﻔﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻱ)ﺷﻜﻞ‪ (4‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻱ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ﺭﻭﻣﻠﻮ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴــﻦ ﺑﻴﮓ‪ ،(1357) ،‬ﺍﺣﺴــﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺤﺴــﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﺋﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﻰ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪:‬ﺑﺎﺑﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .9‬ﺷﺎﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ژﺍﻥ‪ ،(1336) ،‬ﺳﻴﺎﺣﺘﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺷﺎﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺎﻯ »ﻣﻴﻨﻮﺩﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻪ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ«‪»،‬ﺳﻴﺮ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﻯ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻥ«‪» ،‬ﺑﺎﻍ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ« ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ »ﺷﻬﺮ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ« ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﻥ‬

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‫‪ .13‬ﻣﺠﺎﺑﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺪﻣﻬﺪﻯ‪ ،(1378) ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ )ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫‪ .10‬ﻓﻼﻧــﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭژﻥ‪ ،(1356) ،‬ﺳــﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻭژﻥ ﻓﻼﻧــﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎپ ﺳــﻮﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨــﻰ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ(‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﺳــﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﺭﺻﺎﺩﻗﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻗﻰ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻰ‪. 514-461 ،‬‬ ‫‪ .11‬ﻗﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺿﻰ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺷــﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺴــﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﻴﻨﻰ‪ ،(1363) ،‬ﺧﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫‪ .14‬ﻭﺍﻟــﻪ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻧــﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤــﺪ ﻳﻮﺳــﻒ ‪ ،(1372) ،‬ﺧﻠﺪﺑﺮﻳﻦ )ﺍﻳــﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯﮔﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﺟﻠﺪ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺷﺮﺍﻗﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﻮﻳﺎﻥ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺷــﺶ ﻣﻴﺮﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﻣﺤﺪﺙ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎﺕ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ‬ ‫‪ .12‬ﮔﻠﺮﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺳــﻴﺪﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،(1368) ،‬ﻣﻴﻨﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻪ ﻗﺰﻭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎپ ﺩﻭﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺸﺎﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻃﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬

‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪70‬‬

‫ﻫﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺩﻫﻢ‪ /‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪/‬ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ‪1392‬‬
‫‪v‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬
‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬
‫‪A‬‬

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