TUGU PAHLAWAN PARK

Picture of Tugu Pahlawan Park from Above

Tugu Pahlawan Surabaya was built on November

10, 1951, a symbol struggle the people of Surabaya.
Built on the grounds PTKR (People's Security
Army) which was formerly headquarters of Japanese
Kenpeitei and during Netherlands occupation was
court building named Raad van Justitie. With
restoration and construction museum, it is hoped that
people's attention the history behind construction
Pahlawan Monument will be even greater. After
more than ten years the operational period of the
Tugu Pahlawan area quiet of visitor's, well as the
Tugu Pahlawan museum.

Another hand, the need city to have public open

space is huge. Open space an "oasis" to refresh
yourself from fatigue, or a kind recreation place that
cheap and affordable for the community.
Comparison of public open space with the
construction buildings can be increasingly
unbalanced if no strategic steps are taken. This could
to sporadic city development and prioritizing
financial benefits over human needs. Tugu
Pahlawan area should be able to be a space that can
accommodate these needs, the condition that is
happening right now is the use of the Tugu Pahlawan
park as a public space still lacking (Prasetyo, 2011).
Tugu Pahlawan Park was built with enclosed
concept as a sort of memorial park area. The concept
of private open space made the Tugu Pahlawan as a
close City landmark. It is considered as a form of
expression to respect and uphold the heroic struggle
area and Surabaya as a city of heroes. The location
and position of Tugu Pahlawan Park creates a
monumental atmosphere not only by height but also
spagous and wide area surrounding it (Mutfianti,
2013).

History Development
Tugu Pahlawan Surabaya area, located Jalan
Pahlawan former Van Justise building which was
courthouse during the colonial administration.

Picture of the Raad Van Justitie Building (High Court

Office)
Source: (Koleksi Foto Surabaya, 2015)

Jalan Pahlawan (formerly Jalan Pasar Besar) and its

surroundings used to be business center in Surabaya
and also busy government area. When the
proclamation of independence in August 1945
occurred, this area experienced state of alert, many
small battles that occurred. During the Japanese
occupation period (1942-1945) the Van Justise
building became the headquarters of the Kenpeitai,
a place for captives people deemed to have potential
to carry out rebellion by the Japanese army. Many
people of Surabaya were arrested and tortured at the
base. That is why when the Proclamation of
Independence took place, young men attacked the
Kanpeitai headquarters and seized the weapons in
that place.
After the fighting period was over, construction
city resumed, area around square returned to become
bustling business center. The former square now
stands magnificent Bank Indonesia building with
modern architecture. Old buildings became
commercial sites or banks, while large markets as
trade centers turned into movie theaters. In addition
commercial sites there is also government building
that is now the East Java DPRD building with its bell
tower. Area around former Surabaya Square, which
includes Veterans Road, Jembatan Merah,
Indrapura, Kembang Jepun, and Tunjungan grew to
become the oldest Central Business District in
Surabaya.
Along with development city, trade center
expanded other areas such as Jalan Basuki Rahmat
and Jalan Darmo. At first Central and South
Surabaya were residential areas, especially around
Jalan Darmo, formerly an elite Netherlands
settlement area. Slowly which was originally the
center of government and human settlements
developed into new trade center. This is marked by
construction Delta Plaza shopping center in the
1980s, Tunjungan Plaza in the same period. The
existence of growing center in other parts of the city
caused image area around the Pahlawan Monument
to become the 'old city area' which was also followed
by decline physical quality of the environment.

Picture of Location Tugu Pahlawan Surabaya in 1945

Source: (Prasetyo, 2011)

This day area around Tugu Pahlawan is still

bustling business center, although marginally
marginalized by other urban centers. There are still
many shops and places of commerce that live in
area. Besides shops, there are also wholesale centers
that have developed in last 10 years around area
within 1-2 kilometer radius. Existence of these trade
centers affects vitality of region, existing
transportation routes are the main link trade places
around area. This Tugu Pahlawan has not
experienced many changes in function since colonial
era, but is much influenced by dynamics of historical
events and growth of surrounding area.

Picture of Development Picture of Tugu

Tugu Pahlawan Pahlawan Park in 1957
Surabaya in 1952 Source: (Tempo Dulu,
Source: (Tempo Dulu, 2019)
2019)
Concept Development
Tugu Pahlawan Surabaya was built in 1952 and
rehabilitated in 2000. The first construction was
carried out to commemorate the area as a
battleground to defend the city of Surabaya from the
invasion of allied troops. The condition of the Tugu
Pahlawan Monument is only a Tugu Pahlawan
monument and empty land.

Picture of Tugu Pahlawan Surabaya Monument in 1965

Source: (Mutfianti, 2013)
Rehabilitation Tugu Pahlawan Monument in 2000
was divided into two parts, 10 November Museum
Building and Tugu Pahlawan Park as an outdoor
area. Concept used optimize monumental
impression in this area memorial park concept
(Mutfianti, 2013).

Picture of Tugu Pahlawan Surabaya Monument in 2000

Source: (Alamsyah, 2014)
 Extern space concept using hierarchy which
means there is plot and parts of space extern are
arranged sequentially. Tugu Pahlawan monument is
an axis mainly from north-south and west-east.
Extern space arrangement this Tugu Pahlawan
monument park uses system of axes
aim to make the Tugu Pahlawan Monument the
center of orientation region. This also adjusted the
concept of Java in regulating residence with
based philosophy of "Sedulur Papat Lima Pancer",
that is existence of four main directions
with the center point in the middle intersection two
axes system of governance compact location.
The four directions, that is north south and east west
in the compass layout, interpreted as "Sedulur
Papat" which is main axis regional site layout,
while the Tugu Pahlawan is the pancer. Case
positioned as the center intersection two axes north-
south and east-west. Next, intersection points axis
that is, placed entrance area which is realized in the
form a door the gate except intersection point at
northern boundary is manifested cluster sculptures
and reliefs proclamation.
South Gate is the main entrance park which this
case called counter point to presence of via-duct at
the northern boundary. East Gate and West Gate is
side entrance that has different hierarchy. East Gate
connects the Tugu Pahlawan to the Gurbernur
Building. Designs of two gates have different shapes
in their arrangement however has the same character
in form of regol with the joglo traditional style and
modern materials that withstands age and weather.
East Gate in the form of "Regol Agung Kembar
Tiga" with the middle regol being bigger than two
regols on its left and right.
Concept sliding wall Tugu Pahlawan park that is
"closed" so that people can’t free or as you wish to
behave in the park. The boundary form chosen was
in form of park with traps in consideration to be
protector the noise caused by surrounding traffic, so
as to create solemn atmosphere in the park. With this
protector, it is expected that urban space will remain,
although not directly, but still works. There is sliding
wall also aims to create good enclosure in the park.
The sliding wall becomes garden with trap’s
containing flower beds or ornamental plants.

Picture of Sliding Wall with Trap’s

Source: (Alamsyah, 2014)
Analysis
Tugu Pahlawan park uses concept “Memorial Park”.
Have three function make the park attractive to
people, that is historical function, aesthetic function
and psychological function.
a. Historical Function, frame for the Tugu Pahlawan
monument and also as “Palang Bala” or molo
(Danger, Disease) protect place that are
considered sacred.
b. Aesthetic Function, park with trap’s, that is visual
object in landscape giving view an urban
landscape, as from positive space “enclosure”.
c. Psychological Function utilize people traits
basically always want to know. That is making
wall serve barrier “aling-aling” actually makes
people feel compelled is inside. Something that
“secret” if exposed directly open will not
interesting anymore. If covered little or park will
invite people’s interest to know or see further.
 From the function obove Tugu Pahlawan park
which now good and has adequate facilities as
public open space.

Picture of Layout Now Tugu Pahlawan Park

Source: (Mutfianti, 2013)

Tourist attraction and historical monument, museum

area and Tugu Pahlawan park have providing good
service to public. In general, museum area consists
of open space and building. Open space can be used
as public space city park. Museum and Tugu
Pahlawan area consist of:
1. Outdoor Museum, Shaped form of garden with
outdoor elements in sclupture figures of the
 movement and reliefs which tell about 10
November 1945 incident.
2. Museum, this building holds objects related to
events of November 1945.
3. Field Ceremony, originally used as memorial
service for Pahlawan day, November 10. Now
used for community and organixing event.
4. Souvenir Shop, selling various souvenirs related
to event of November 10, 1945.
5. Mini Cafetaria
The existing facilities will be analyzed public open
space are benefit to community. Analysis divided
into three parts that is, analysis of physical elements,
analysis of non-physical elements and analysis of
circulation and accessibility.
I. Physical Elements
• Wall Permanent
Excess, Protect from noise caused by
surrounding traffic. Goal is visitors get of
 remembrance the Pahlawan and create good
enclosure in park.
Weakness, visually disconnecting relations
outdoor and indoor park. Separate environment
from surrounding community.
• Tugu Pahlawan
Excess, Tugu Pahlawan as landmark can be
seen clearly
• Park (Green Open Space)
Excess, vegetation greatly contributes to
aesthetics of shape, color and texture.
Vegetation cover serves as guide and shade is
able provide calm and cool.
• Museum
Excess, This museum located at altitude seven
meters below ground level, which used as
background for monument without rival
monumental.
II. Non-Physical Elements
• Furniture
Esceess, furniture in the form of signage, chairs,
bins, lighting, plant places and use material are
durable and permanent.
• Maintenance
Excess, presence of janitor the park is very
good.
• Social Interaction
Excess, park is supervised people clearly use it,
even though inner space have perceptual from.
III. Circulation and Accessibility
• Circulation
Excess, circulation paths are very clear with
directed signage.
• Pedestrian Circulation
Excess, very concern about needs of difable.
Comfort of people’s by providing shade
throught pergola and roof plants. Sufficient
dimensions of motion requirement.
 • Access Gate In and Out
Excess, access that seems closed supports to
protect open spaces from invasion of street
vendors (PKL)
Weakness, closed access seems to limit visitors
or tend be difficult
Weakness exist in the Tugu Pahlawan Park
overcome by Mayor of Surabaya with, event,
cultural parades and community want to celebrate
the event. In addition, Maintenance the park is also
overcome beautifying area in the vines will be
placed in each pillar and sorting out damage
materials.

Picture of adding vines the pillar

 Picture of Tugu Pahlawan Park in 2019

The solution problem by mayor Surabaya is very

good because Tugu Pahlawan Park has concept of
silence or in other words invites visitor to remember
and reflct on themselves as part of Surabaya history.
Although the meaning which is lost to design change
influenced economic and social factors, but Tugu
Pahlawan park has provided good, comfortable, safe
and accessible public spaces.
 Bibliography
Alamsyah, B. (2014, Juni). BELENGGU
PERSEPSI PADA LAPANGAN TAMAN
TUGU PAHLAWAN SURABAYA
(SUATU KAJIAN PERUBAHAN
MAKNA ARSITEKTURAL). journal
RUAS, 12(1), 42-52.
Koleksi Foto Surabaya. (2015, Agustus 30). Tugu
Pahlawan Surabaya. Retrieved from
Koleksi Foto Surabaya:
http://foto2surabaya.blogspot.com/2015/08/
tugu-pahlawan-surabaya.html
Mutfianti, R. D. (2013, Oktober 2). Optimalisasi
Perubahan Taman Tugu Pahlawan Surabaya
dari Close Square menjadi Market Square.
e-jurnal Eco-Teknologi UWIKA, 1(2), 11-
17.
Prasetyo, E. Y. (2011). Kajian Evaluasi Rancangan
Kawasan Tugu Pahlawan. Badan
Perencanaan Pembangunan, Surabaya.
Tempo Dulu, S. (2019, September 14). Retrieved
from
https://web.facebook.com/pg/Surabaya-
Tempo-Dulu--
162424570919642/about/?ref=page_interna
l