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1. 英文代碼:English Code:
說明各英文代碼在程式中之意義及功能。
Describe the meaning & functions of every English code in the program.
在使用完任何一把刀具後,應該取消刀具補正,而取消刀具補正的格式為 T0 或 T0000。
It needs to cancel the tools offset after using either one; the format is T0 or T0000.
F:進給率 Feedrate
大致分成每回轉及每分鐘兩種。
There are two kinds either in every reverse or every minute.
每回轉進給率㎜/rev,主軸每回轉一圈(G99),各軸向移動之距離(車床常用)。
Every reverse feedrate mm/rev; the distance of each axial movement while spindle reverse one
cycle (G99).
每分鐘進給率㎜/min,每分鐘各軸向移動之距離(G98),與主軸無關。
Every minutes feedrate mm/min; it is irrelevant to spindle for the distance of each axial
movement every minutes.
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PROGRAM TEACHING GUIDE
夾頭
Chuck
機械座標:Machinery coordinate
機械本身在出廠時便會利用機械元件(極限開關)設定出最基礎的座標系統,稱為機械座
標系統,其他座標系統皆以此座標系統為根本運算依據。
The machine itself will use element (limit switch) to set up the basic coordinate system while
out of factory, that is so called machinery coordinate system, other coordinate system in
accordance with this coordinate system for foundation.
絕對座標:Absolute coordinate
座標值是從工件座標系原點算起的向量。以 X、Z 表示。
The coordinate value is the vector counting from the origin of workpiece coordinate.
相對座標:Opposite coordinate
也就是增量座標。座標值是從現在位置到目標位置的向量,與原點無關。以 U、W 表示。It is
increment coordinate. The coordinate value is the vector from current location to target
location, nothing with the origin. To indicate by U & W.
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直徑 Diameter
長度 Length
範例說明:Example:
圖面上有 ABC 三點,以絕對座標及增量座標分別表示。
Above three point of A, B & C, show individually by absolute and increment coordinate.
點移動 絕對座標 增量座標
point movement absolute coordinate increment coordinate
0→A X2.0 Z3.0 U2.0 W3.0
A→B X1.0 Z-2.0 U-1.0 W-5.0
B→C X-2.0 Z2.0 U-3.0 W4.0
C→A X2.0 Z3.0 U4.0 W1.0
3. 指令說明:Command description
G00 快速移動 Quick movement
格式 Format:G00 X(U)__. Z(W)__. ;
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也可以使用自動倒角 C,R 功能
It also can use automatic chamfering function of C, R :
G00 X26.0 Z2.0 ; (安全點) Secure point
G01 Z0 F0.1 ; (貼近端面) Close to the end face
G01 X40.0 C5.0 ; (車到 φ40 並倒 C5.0) cutting to φ40 and
chamfering to C5.0
G01 Z-30.0 R15.0 ; (車到 L30 並倒 R15.0) cutting to L30 and
chamfering to R15.0
G01 X120.0 R15.0 ; (車到 φ120 並倒 R15.0) cutting to φ120 and
chamfering to R15.0
G01 Z-60.0 ; (車到 L60) Cutting to L60
G01 X150.0 F0.5 ; (退到 φ150) Reverse to φ150
G00 X180.0 Z120.0 ; (退到可換刀的安全位置) Reverse to the safe
location of tools changeable
G04 時間暫停 Time pause
格式 Format:G04 X(U)__. ;
G04 P____ ;
G04 X1.0 ;G04 P1000 ;皆為暫停 1 秒,注意 P 不能加上小數點。1 second time pause,
decimal point can’t be added beside P.
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X、Z、U、W 為此機能之中間點座標,下達此指令時,刀具會經過中間點回到機械原點。
一般常用寫法是當刀具已到達安全位置後,下達 G28 U0 W0 ;
X, Z, U, W are the middle coordinates, the tools will pass the middle point return to machine
origin while giving command. For general writing way, sending G28 U0 W0 after tools
reaching to safe location.
G32 螺紋切削 Thread cutting
格式 Format:G32 X(U)__. Z(W)__. F__ ;
G00
G00 G00
G32
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刀尖方向
direction of nose
of tool
G41、G42 範例 Example :
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O0040 ;
N1 ( EXTERNAL FINISHING ) ; N2 ( INTERNAL FINISHING ) ;
T0303 ; T0606 ;
G50 S1000 ; G50S2000 ;
G96 S160 M3 ; G96 S140 M3 ;
G0 X74.0 Z0. M8 ; G41 G0 X60.0 Z2.0 M8 ;
G1 X48.0 F0.15 ; G1 Z0. F0.15 ;
G42 G0 X62.0 Z2.0 ; X50.0 R3.0 ;
G1 X70.0 Z-2.0 ; Z-10.0 ;
Z-10.0 R3.0 ; X30.0 Z-20.0 ;
X90.0 ; Z-52.0 ;
X110.0 Z-20.0 ; G40 G0 U-4.0 ;
Z-30.0 R3.0 ; Z20.0 ;
X130.0 R2.0 ; X100.0 Z100.0 M9 ;
Z-35.0 ; M5 ;
G40 G0 X100.0 Z150.0 M9 ; M30 ;
M1 ; %
X,
Z
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O0090 ;
T0101 ( EXTERNAL ROUGHING ) ; (1 號刀,1 號補正) Tools no.1, offset
G50 S1500 ; (最高轉速限制為 1500rpm) Highest speed
limit is 1500rpm
G96 S160 M3 ; (切線速度為 160m/min,正轉) Velocity is
160m/min, upright turning
G0 X84.0 Z0. M8 ; (預備車端面,切削水開) Prepare to cut end
G1 X-2.0 F0.2 ; face, turn on the water for cutting
G0 X82.0 Z3.0 ; (車端面過中心) over center cutting
G90 X75.0 Z-60.0 F0.3 ; (快速位移到 G90 循環起始點) Rapid
movement to G90, the cycle start point
X70.0 ; (G90 橫向固定循環) G90, the crosswise fixed
cycle
X65.0 ;
X60.0 ;
X55.0 ;
X50.0 ;
Z-30.0 R-2.75 ; (車斜度) Slant cutting
R-5.5 ; (車斜度) Slant cutting
G0 X150.0 Z100.0 M9 ; (退到換刀點,關水) Return to point of tool
change, turn off water
M5 ; (主軸停止) Spindle stopped
M30 ; (程式結束) End of program
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X,
Z
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牙刀 Threading tool
校刀接觸點
Contact
point of tool
measurement
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O0092 ;
T0707 ; (7 號刀,7 號補正) Tools no.7, offset
G97 S1000 M3 ; (固定轉速為 100m/min,正轉) Fixed rpm
100m/min, upright turning
G0 X40.0 Z5.0 M8 ; (快速位移到 G92 循環起始點,開水)
Rapid traverse to G92 cycle start point, turn
on water
G92 X34.2 Z-32.0 F1.25 ; (G92 設定) Set up G92
X33.8 ;
X33.5 ;
X33.376 ; (精車第一次,牙底直徑)1st fine cutting,
diameter of threading bottom
X33.376 ; (精車第二次,牙底直徑)2nd fine cutting,
diameter of threading bottom
G0 X100.0 Z150.0 M9 ; (退到換刀點,關水) Return to the point of
tool change, turn off water
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計算式 Calculation:
1. 單邊牙深 Threading depth of one side ( 60°牙) = 牙距 Threading distance * 0.65
( 55°牙) = 牙距 Threading distance * 0.64
X,
Z
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O0094 ;
T0101 ( EXTERNAL ROUGHING ) ; (1 號刀,1 號補正) Tool no.1, offset
G50 S1500 ; (最高轉速限制為 1500rpm) Highest limit is
1500rpm
G96 S160 M3 ; (切線速度為 160m/min,正轉) Velocity is
160m/min, upright turning
G0 X166.0 Z2.0 M8 ; (快速位移到 G94 循環起始點,切削水開)
Rapid traverse to G94 cycle start point, turn on
the water
G94 X-2.0 Z0. F0.3 ; (G94 橫向固定循環,車端面過中心)G94,
crosswise & fixed cycle, over center end face
cutting
X40.0 Z-2.5 ; (每次切削 2.5mm) Every cutting in 2.5mm
Z-5.0 ;
Z-7.5 ;
Z-10.0 ;
Z-12.5 ;
Z-15.0 ;
X100.0 R-2.75 ; (車斜度) Slant cutting
R-5.5 ; (車斜度) Slant cutting
G0 X200.0 Z100.0 M9 ; (退到換刀點,關水) Return to the point of tool
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P : 精加工程式開始時第一個 N 序號 ns
1st N order number of starting the fine cutting program
Q : 精加工程式結束時最後一個 N 序號 nf
1st N order number of ending the fine cutting program
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G71 P10 Q20 U0.3 W0.1 F0.35 ; (G71 下段設定) G71 lower paragraph set up
N10 G0 X12.0 ; (N10 為精加工第一個單節,只能寫 X 軸)
N10 is the 1st single section of fine cutting, only
can write X axis
N11 G1 X20.0 Z-2.0 F0.15 ; (倒 C2 角,F0.15 為 G70 精加工時之進給率)
C2 Chamfering, F0.15 is the feedrate of G70
fine cutting
N12 Z-18.0 ; (倒 R2 圓角前一點) Former point of R2
chamfering
N13 G2 X24.0 Z-20.0 R2.0 ; (倒 R2 圓角) R2 Chamfering
N14 G1 X40.0 ; (G01 直線切削) G01 straight cutting
N15 X60.0 Z-40.0 ; (G01,與前一單節指令相同時,不需再下)
G01, same command with prior one, no need to
write again
N16 Z-57.0 ; (倒 R3 圓角前一點) Former point of R3
chamfering
N17 G2 X66.0 Z-60.0 R3.0 ; (倒 R3 圓角) R3 Chamfering
N18 G1 X76.0 ; (倒 C2 角前一點) Former point of C2
chamfering
N19 X80.0 Z-62.0 ; (倒 C2 角) C2 chamfering
N20 U2.0 W-1.0 ; (N20 為精加工最後一個單節,並出尾)
N20 is the last section of fine cutting & over
through workpiece
G0 X150.0 Z100.0 M9 ; (退到換刀點,關水) Return to the point of tool
change, turn off water
M1 ; (選擇停止) Option stopped
N2 ( EXTERNAL FINISHING ) ;
T0303 ; (3 號刀,3 號補正) Tool no.3, offset
G50 S2000 ; (最高轉速限制為 2000rpm) Highest speed
limit is 2000rpm
G96 S180 M3 ; (切線速度為 180m/min,正轉) Velocity is
180m/min, upright turning
G0 X22.0 Z0 M8 ; (預備精車端面,切削水開) Prepare end face
cutting, turn on water
G1 X-2.0 F0.12 ; (精車端面過中心) Over center end face fine
cutting
G0 X82.0 Z2.0 ; (快速位移到 G71、G70 循環起始點)
Rapid traverse to G71, G70 cycle start point
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校刀接觸點
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牙刀 Thread tool
校刀接觸點
Contact point of
tool measurement
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計算式 Calculation:
1. 單邊牙深 thread depth of single side( 60°牙 thread) = 牙距 thread distance * 0.65
( 55°牙) = 牙距 thread distance * 0.64
3. 牙底直徑 diameter of bottom thread = 外徑 outer diameter – ( 單邊牙深 thread depth of single
side * 2 )
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