QUALITY CONTROL

ASSIGNMENT

 WOOD :  FLOORING MATERIAL:  STEEL :

• Mitchell Deepa. V • Champavathi • Subramanya Urala
• Venu Nataraj • Hemmige Smitha
• Priyadarshini

2nd Semester , M-Arch ,SJBSAP

Quality Control for Wood and Wood
Products
 Project : The Tamara, Coorg , Karnataka
Project type: Luxury Resort
Architects : Iyer & Mahesh Architects,
Trivandrum, Kerala

Tamara, Resort in Coorg, is in the most exotic location presiding over an estate of 170 acres producing
Coffee, Cardamom, Pepper and Honey. Resort houses Cottages, Restaurant and other recreation facilities.
WOOD:

The organic matter obtained from trees is called wood.

Because wood is versatile and long-lasting, it is suitable for many structural
applications.

Keeping wood free from decay and pests is a function of following good
design, construction and maintenance practices—all areas in which
architects can influence the optimum use of wood to create buildings that
benefit owners, occupants and the environment.

TIMBER:

Timber denotes wood which is suitable for building or carpentry and for
various engineering and other purposes.

LUMBER :

Referred to the wood at any point of the manufacturing process, including

before it is processed, and after it has been formed into logs or boards.
 Why Wood ?

• The eternal nostalgia of wooden buildings has had a persistent and captivating allure. Pre-
fabricated wooden structures are among the fastest and the easiest to build, while post and
beam, glue-laminated timbers are increasingly being explored by architects in India. Wood
provides a multitude of benefits to its users as well as the environment, as it is a carbon-neutral
building material. With evolving technologies and state-of-the-art engineering, it is possible to
express every unique aesthetic experiment, enabling large structures to be constructed in wood,
including 16-storey buildings, curvilinear designs, span Olympic size roofs and earthquake
sensitive structures.

• Canadian Wood is procured from the sustainably managed forests of British Columbia (B.C.),
Canada and is one of the most reliable suppliers of wooden products in the Indian market. Spruce-
Pine-Fir (SPF), Douglas-fir, Western Hemlock, Western Red Cedar and Yellow Cedar are highly
recommended to turn any vision into reality.

• Carbon Benefits
Wood lowers a building’s carbon footprint in two ways. It continues to store carbon absorbed
during the tree’s growing cycle, keeping it out of the atmosphere for the lifetime of the building—
longer if the wood is reclaimed and used elsewhere. When used in place of fossil fuel-intensive
materials such as steel and concrete, it also results in ‘avoided’ greenhouse gas emissions.
wooden products can be recyclable as an alternative to carbon emissions intensive product.
• Wooden houses are all weather proof from hot to cold climate. They are
the most earthquake resistant structures and withstand hail and
thunderstorm upto 120km/hr.

• Wooden houses can with stand temperature from -30 degree to + 60

degree. ( Depending upon thickness of wood ) Wood being a good
insulator helps to maintain and retain temperature inside to outside.

• The wood has a termite coated paint on it. The wood is chemically treated
and made bitter for termite to attack.

• The wood ceiling/ roofs are applied with SBS ( A Bituminous Membrane)
Which fill in all gaps and joints of the wooden structure. All joints are
applied with MS sheet to make the joints water proof. A final layer of Fibre
Glass Shingles in laid over to protect this membrane against the heat and
water.

• Canadian spruce J grade / Canadian Pine / Russian Pine wood are

usually used.
 Characteristics of Good Timber
The principal characteristics of timber of concern are strength, durability
and finished appearance.

1. Narrow annual rings, closer the

rings greater is the strength.
2. Compact medullary rays.
3. Dark Colour.
4. Uniform texture.

5. Sweet smell and a

shining fresh cut surface.

6. When struck sonorous

sound is produced.

7. Free from the defects

in timber.
8. Heavy weight.
9. No woolliness at fresh
cut surface.
DEFECTS
IN TIMBER
 TYPES OF TIMER USED IN TAMARA RESORT

Sl.No TIMBER USED IN SIZES

1 DOUGLAS FIR Wall frame /Wall plates 100x100,

(non-porous) /Roof beam, frame & 100x80,
Joineries . 150x100,
150x50,
200x75

2 HEMLOCK Internal wall Facia 100x12mm

(pine family) Planking thk

3 WESTERN External wall Facia 100x12mm

RED CEDAR Planking & External thk
Handrail.

4 MAPLE 20mm thk

Internal floor

Note : All the above are Canadian Wood species

PROPERTIES OF TIMER USED IN TAMARA RESORT
Hard Maple
Common Name(s): Hard Maple,
Sugar Maple, Rock Maple

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Elastic Modulus: 12.62 GPa

Modulus of Rupture: 109.0 Mpa

Crushing Strength: 54.0 MPa

Shrinkage: Ratio: 2.1

 Typical Cottages
Structural System :
Wood + Steel
Composite

Foundation : RCC
Columns & Struts : Steel
Floor : Steel Deck+Wood
Walls, Roof & Flooring : Wood

90 X 170 MS
COLUMNS

100 X 100 TIMBER 100 X 80 TIMBER

MAIN FRAMES INNER FRAMES
Cottages Structural System : Composite

Foundation : RCC
Columns & Struts : Steel
Floor : Steel Deck+Wood
Walls, Roof & Flooring : Wood
 Cottages Section

Foundation : RCC
Columns & Struts : Steel
Floor : Steel Deck+Wood
Walls, Roof & Flooring : Wood
 Cottages Section

Foundation : RCC
Columns & Struts : Steel
Floor : Steel Deck+Wood
Walls, Roof & Flooring : Wood
J
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TRUSS JOINERY DETAILS
The Tamara, Coorg
Restaurant Structural System : Composite

Foundation : RCC
Columns & Struts : Steel+Wood
Floor : RCC
Walls, Roof & Flooring - Wood

PRE CONSTRUCTION STAGE
• IS 9561:1985 - Code of
practice for felling and
conversion of trees into logs
• IS 287:1993 Permissible
moisture content
• IS 11215:1991-Moisture
content of timber and timber
products- Methods for
determination
• IS:399: 1963- Classification
of Commercial Timber and
their Zonal Distribution.
• IS:401:2001-Preservation of
Timber
• IS 10013-1,2,3: 1981-water
soluble type wood preservatives
https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/manifest.ced.9.html
IS CODES
• IS 656:1988 • IS 1141:1993 Seasoning of
Specification for logs for timber
plywood
• IS 1331:1971 • IS 9576:1980-Guide for mill
Specification for cut sawing of timber
sizes of timber
• IS:1708- Testing of Timber • IS 7315:1974-Guidelines for
design, installation and testing of
timber seasoning kilns
(Compartment type with cross-forced
air circulation)
• IS 10420: 1982 Method of • IS 4895:1985-teak logs
determination of sound
absorption coefficient of
timber by standing wave
method
• IS 6534: 1971-Guiding • IS 3364-1,2:1976-Methods of
principles for grading and measurement and evaluation of
inspection of timber defects in timber
 CONSTRUCTION STAGE
• IS 2408:1963-Methods of • IS 4907 :2004- Method of • IS 620:1985 Specification for
static tests of timber in testing timber connector wooden tool handles general
structural sizes joints requirements

• IS 883 : 1994 - Design of • IS 12896:1990 Indian • IS 4913 (1968): Code of

structural timber in Timbers for Door & Shutter Practice for Selection,
building. frames Installation and Maintenance
of Timber Doors and
Windows [CED 11: Doors,
Windows and Shutter]

• IS 4833:1993-Methods for • IS 10013-1,2,3: 1981- • IS 9096:2006-Preservation

field testing of water soluble type wood of bamboo for structural
preservatives in wood preservatives purposes - Code of practice
• IS:14315- Veneers

https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/manifest.ced.9.html
PM PROCESS / CHECKLIST FOR WOOD CONSTRUCTION

PRE CONSTRUCTION STAGE: CONSTRUCTION STAGE:

• Procure all drawings and details. • Procure All required Materials.

• Storage of facilities.
• Finalize material specification for all • Maintain Inventories of all materials.
Items.
• Procure Equipment & Labour.
• Source out Wood Vendors
• Obtain quotes & finalize vendor.
• Check fixing methodology as per
approved drawings.
• Estimate timelines for procurement &
curing, etc. • Check for defects and get rectified.
• Check for quality of wood.

• Finishing of surface as per

• Check Cut-Sizes for various Structural specifications – Polish, Termite
members as per IS / International code proofing, Weather coating, fire
Councils. proofing ,etc.,
 LIST OF APPROVALS

The following types of materials must be approved before use:

• Dimensional lumber;
• Fasteners (nails, bolts, and screws);
• Engineered lumber and systems;
• Interior and exterior sheathing;
• Preservative-treated wood;
• Connectors and ties;
• Structural supports (posts);
• Structural beams;
• Sill plate sealer;
• Adhesives, sealants, and caulk; and
• Draft and fire stop materials.
IS CODE DETAILS
• IS 287:1993 Permissible moisture content
• IS 287:1993
Permissible
moisture content
 Classification of Timber (IS:399)
Following is the classification of timber as per IS: 399, except the
classification of timber based on grading which is given in IS: 6534.

1. On the Basis of its position : Standing Timber, Rough Timber and Lumber /
Converted Timber.

2. On the Basis of Grading (IS: 6534) :

• Structural Grading : material is graded on the basis of visible defects
which have known effects on the strength properties of the material.
Structural grading is further divided as:
a) Grading based on known effects of defects and estimating accumulative value.
b) Machine grading.

• Commercial Grading :material is graded by consideration of

usefulness of the material. Commercial grading is further divided in the
following classes: GRADE A, B, C & D.
Grade A: This classification is based on dimensions and general appearance.
The dimensions of lengths, widths and thicknesses of converted materials are
measured. This system is prevalent in Kerala and Mysore.

Grade B: This classification is based on the best ultimate use of the material.
Such a system is mostly in Andhra Pradesh and some parts of Tamil Nadu. Here,
each grade is further divided into A, B and C classes to indicate occurrence of
defects. Only two lengths are recognized, long (L) which is 5m and above, and
short(S) that is under 5m. Each log is stamped such as BAL (Beam, A-class,
long), PBS (Plank, B-class, short), etc. Some times another letter is also added
indicating the species, e.g. T for teak.

Grade C: This classification is based on qualitative evaluation of defects and

rough estimate of out-turn of utilizable material. It is prevalent in Madhya Pradesh.

Grade D: This classification is based on evaluation of units of defects and

fixing the permissible number of standard volume of area or the material in each
grade. This system is prevalent in Bombay region and is increasingly adopted in
Indian Standards and is recognized internationally.
• IS 6534: 1971-Guiding principles for grading and inspection of timber
NOTE ON GRADING OF TIMBER:
A-l. DETAILS OF GRADING
A-1.1.1 ‘A ’ Grade Classification - It is based purely, and sometimes arbitrarily, on dimensions and
general appearance. The dimensions of lengths and girths for logs, or lengths, widths and thicknesses of
converted material, are measured according to specified methods. This system is prevalent in Kerala and
Mysore. Similarly Grade B,C & D as mentioned earlier.
• IS:1708- Testing of Timber
• IS 883 : 1994 -
Design of
structural timber
in building.
TIMBER FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSE
 • IS:401:2001-
Preservation of
Timber
• IS 4907 :2004- Method of testing timber connector joints

NOTE — In the case of two connectors in the

same face placed in accordance with the above
formula, the direction of load coincides with the
direction of connector axis but in the case of
more than two, the connector axes make
different angles with the direction of grain.
DATA SHEET FOR TESTING
CONNECTOR JOINTS
ADHESIVES, SEALANTS , CAULK & FIRE STOP MATERIALS
Thank You !