Salwa Road - 340

New Mirqab - 39
Souq Al-Rawda 3, 2nd Floor, Office 209
info@neosce.com

LUSAIL STADIUM AND PRECINT

Structural Design Verification of

Precast Bleacher PBL-02-01
LUSAIL STADIUM AND PRECINT

Project No. : 18148 Date Issued : 14 May 2018

Document No. : 18148-ST-CS-03-00001 Revision No. :0

Issue Status : Issued For Information Project Phase: : For Construction

www.neosce.com / www.neosts.com
P.O. Box 1362 - Tel: (+974) 4029 9219 / 4037 0188- Fax: (+974) 4037 0188
 Salwa Road - 340
New Mirqab - 39
Souq Al-Rawda 3, 2nd Floor, Office 209
info@neosce.com

LUSAIL STADIUM AND PRECINT

Structural Design Verification of

Precast Bleacher PBL-02-01

Project No. : 18148 Date Issued : 14 May 2018

Document No. : 18148-ST-CS-03-00001 Revision No. :0

Issue Status : Issued For Information Project Phase: : For Construction

Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by:

Name Enger S. Alingasa Alden P. Cayaga Tarek A. Gharib

Job Title Structural Engineer Technical Manager General Manager

Signature

Document HISTORY LOG:

Rev. Date Issued Purpose of Issue Revised Sections
No.

0 14/05/2018 Issued For Information

This report has been prepared in accordance with the terms and conditions of appointment of Neo Spectrum
Engineering Consultancy (NEOSEC) for the aforementioned project. NEOSEC cannot accept any responsibility for
any use of or reliance on the contents of this report by any third party unless confirmed in writing by NEOSEC.

www.neosce.com / www.neosts.com
P.O. Box 1362 - Tel: (+974) 4029 9219 / 4037 0188- Fax: (+974) 4037 0188
 Table of Contents
Section Description Page No.

STRUCTURAL CALCULATION REPORT................................................................................................. 2

1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 DESIGN CODES & RELATED REFERENCES..............................................................................2
1.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS........................................................................................................... 2
1.3 DESIGN TOOLS.............................................................................................................................. 3
2. METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................................. 3
3. STRUCTURAL MODEL....................................................................................................................... 5
4. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS............................................................................................................ 6
5. LOAD COMBINATION......................................................................................................................... 6
6. LOAD PARAMETERS......................................................................................................................... 6
7. LOAD COMPUTATIONS..................................................................................................................... 7
7.1 SELF-WEIGHT................................................................................................................................ 7
7.2 DEAD LOADS................................................................................................................................. 8
7.3 LIVE LOADS................................................................................................................................... 9
8. DESIGN CALCULATION AND VERIFICATIONS..............................................................................10
8.1 DEFLECTION CHECK FOR PRECAST BLEACHER...................................................................10
8.2 DEFLECTION CHECK FOR PRECAST BLEACHER...................................................................11
8.3 DESIGN SHEAR FORCE FOR PRECAST BLEACHER...............................................................12
9. SUMMARY & DISCUSSION.............................................................................................................. 15
APPENDIX A: REFERENCE DRAWINGS............................................................................................16
APPENDIX B: STRUT-AND-TIE SAMPLE CALCULATION.................................................................19

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 1 of 19

STRUCTURAL CALCULATION REPORT
1.0 INTRODUCTION

The main objective of this structural calculation report is to verify the typical precast bleacher
which will be supported by the precast raker beam support of the Lusail Stadium and Precint
Project.

More specifically, the concept is to check and verify the shear and deflection of the affected
typical precast bleacher beam (200mm x 600mm) with a dapped-end (200mm x 175mm)
considering the worst case for the bleacher PBL-02.

In addition to this, the analysis and design of precast beam/bleacher was assumed to carry the
total dead weight and live load from the bleacher.

The assumed boundary condition of the precast bleacher is simply supported.

1.1 DESIGN CODES & RELATED REFERENCES

All design shall be in accordance with the design criteria, specifications, standards and
references set out in the project and shall comply with the technical requirements of the
contract.

Unless otherwise specified or shown the following standards shall apply.

 ACI 318M - 2014 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
 PCI Design Handbook - Precast and Prestressed Concrete - 7th Edition
 PCI Design Handbook - Precast and Prestressed Concrete - 6th Edition

Other related references cited in this calculation report are as follows:

 Lu, WY, and et.al., “Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Dapped-End Beams with Shear
Span-to-Depth Ratios Larger Than Unity,” Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol.
23, No. 4, pp. 431-442 (2015)
 Design and Typical details of Connections for Precast and Prestressed Concrete, 2nd
Edition
 Mattock, A. H., and Chan, T. C., “Design and Behavior of Dapped End Beams,” PCI
JOURNAL, V. 24, No. 6, November-December 1979, pp. 28-45.
 Mattock, A. H., and Theryo, T., “Strength of Members with Dapped Ends,” PCI Research
Project No. 6, Final Report, Precast Prestressed Concrete Institute, Chicago, IL, 1986.

1.2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

Enumerated below are list of related project references for checking and verifying the precast
bleacher as shown below:
 Design Calculation Report for Bleacher PBL-02
 Fabrication Drawings for Concrete Bleacher - General Arrangement
(C01-HBC-S-STA-T-PC-AL-Z5-3164 C0)
 Fabrication Drawings for Concrete Bleacher - Reinforcements

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 2 of 19

 (C01-HBC-S-STA-T-PC-AL-Z5-3165 C0)
 Tekla Model

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 3 of 19

1.3 DESIGN TOOLS

Structural design analysis will be done in Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional
2016 and manual calculation based on the design procedures.

Sample strut-and-tie calculation was done using IDEA StatiCa to account for the actual
reinforcements provided for the precast bleachers. Refer to Appendix B of this report for the
calculation design verification.

2. METHODOLOGY

Shown in this section are the related review of literature with regards to the design methods of
PCI and ACI for calculating the shear capacity of dapped-end beams.

Note that the PCI Handbook only provides guidelines for dapped-end beams satisfying the
shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d) of less than 1.0

PCI DESIGN METHOD (PCI Handbook - 7TH Edition; Chapter 5, page 5-79)

PCI DESIGN METHOD (PCI Handbook - 6TH Edition; Chapter 4, page 4-77)

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 4 of 19

Even the reference - Design and Typical Details of Connections for Precast and
Prestressed Concrete, Second Edition (Chapter 4, page 4-15), as stated below under
Section 4.6.1 describes the compliance of the shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d) as follows:

4.6.1 Design Procedure Based on PCI Design Handbook

The provisions of this section are appropriate for cases where shear span-to-depth ratio
(a/d) is not more than 1.0. The Committee plans to develop provisions for dapped-ends in
which a/d exceeds 1.0. In the Interim, use of Ref. 46 is suggested.

[46] Mattock, A.H., “Behavior and Design of Dapped End Members,” Proceedings of the
U.S.-Japan Joint Seminar on Precast Concrete, Tokyo, Japan, October-November 1986.

To date, the PCI Handbook does not provide reference guidelines for the design of Dapped-End
Members with a shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d) more than 1.0.

For dapped-end beams not complying with this basic requirement of the shear span-to-depth
ratio (a/d), PCI recommends the use of the Strut-and-Tie Models by ACI 318M.

This was further discussed in another paper which validates the use of the Strut-and-Tie Method
for dapped-end beams with a shear span-to-depth ratio (a/d) greater than unity.

However, for this report the finite element analysis will be used with the provisions provided in
ACI 318M since the reinforcement provided, based on the shop drawings, does not follow the
requirement of the strut-and-tie method as indicated in the original design analysis.

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 5 of 19

3. STRUCTURAL MODEL

Shown below is the screen capture of the 3D model of design verification of typical precast
bleacher.

Figure 1: Precast Bleacher- 3D Model-Typical

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 6 of 19

4. MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

 Precast Bleachers, fcu/f’c : 45.00 MPa/35.00MPa (C45/C35; normal weight concrete)

 Main Reinforcing Bars, fy : 500 MPa
 Density of Concrete (ρ) : 25kN/m3
 Modulus of Elasticity : Es = 200,000 MPa
 Shear Reinforcing Bars, f’y : 500 MPa

5. LOAD COMBINATION

The provision for the load combination for the structural design verification and review of the
project shall be based on the ultimate limit state and serviceability requirements.

Table 1: Load Combinations – As per ACI-318

6. LOAD PARAMETERS

The applied loads considered of the design verification for the typical precast bleachers are the
following:

a. Self Weight of Slab (Ave. Depth of 120mm), L = 840mm~0.84m/2 = 0.42m

 SW = 0.120m x 25kN/m3 x 0.42 = 1.26kN/m

b. Dead Load
 SDL = 1.50 kPa

c. Live Load
 LL = 4.80 kPa

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 7 of 19

7. LOAD COMPUTATIONS

7.1 SELF-WEIGHT

As shown below, are the applied loads used for the design verification of typical precast
bleachers:

Figure 2: Load Case 1- Self Weight – Typical Bleacher

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 8 of 19

7.2 DEAD LOADS

Figure 3: Load Case 2- Dead Load – Typical Bleacher

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 9 of 19

7.3 LIVE LOADS

Figure 4: Load Case 3- Live Load - Typical Bleacher

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 10 of 19

8. DESIGN CALCULATION AND VERIFICATIONS

8.1 DEFLECTION CHECK FOR PRECAST BLEACHER

As shown below, are checking the deflection of the typical precast bleacher:

Figure 5: Deflection – Precast Bleacher-SLS

a. Allowable Deflection = L/240 – As per ACI 318-14

δallow. = 840/240 = 3.50mm Actual Deflection = 1.90mm

Since, the actual deflection is less than the allowable, thus it’s ok

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 11 of 19

8.2 DEFLECTION CHECK FOR PRECAST BLEACHER

Figure 6: Deflection – Precast Bleacher-SLS

b. Allowable Deflection = L/240 – As per ACI 318-14

δallow. = 7330/240 = 30.54mm Actual Deflection = 11.0mm

Since, the actual deflection is less than the allowable, thus it’s ok

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 12 of 19

8.3 DESIGN SHEAR FORCE FOR PRECAST BLEACHER

As shown below, is the shear force & bending moment applied for the typical precast bleacher:

Table 2: Reduce Result for Design Shear Force - Part of Precast Bleacher - (200x175mm Deep)

As shown below, is the calculated shear force & its capacity applied for the typical precast
bleacher which is considered the worse case scenario as highlighted:

Figure 7: Precast Bleacher- Model

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 13 of 19

 Figure 8: Precast Bleacher- Nodes Location@Worse Case-Cut 7-1

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 14 of 19

 A. Precast Bleacher Near @ Raking Beam Support

Data: L = 7.33m, bw = 200mm, h = 175mm, d = 175-40-16-8/2 = 115mm

Shear Capacity:

Vc = 0.17*√f’c * bw * d

where:

Vc = shear strength of concrete, bw = web width, d = effective depth & f’c = cylindrical strength

Therefore, Vc = 0.17*√35 * 200*(175-40-16-8/2) = 23.13kN – Part of Precast Bleacher

 Strength of Shear Reinforcement

Vs = Av * fy*d/S, use T8@50mm o.c.

where: Av = 2(50.26) = 100.53mm2, fy = 500MPa, d = 115mm & S = 50mm

Vs = 100.53*500*115/50= 115.60kN

ØVn = Ø (Vc+ Vs) = 0.75 (23.13 + 115.60) = 104.05kN > Vu = 71.77kN

Since the actual shear force as shown above is less than the allowable, thus, it’s ok.

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 15 of 19

9. SUMMARY & DISCUSSION

The structural design verification of the dapped-end of the precast bleacher (200mm x 175mm)
is to check the actual shear force versus the shear capacity of the typical precast bleacher for
the Lusail Stadium & Precint Project in conformity with applicable references and codes.

In addition to this, the actual deflection is less than the allowable deflection for typical precast
bleacher as shown in Figure 6.

Lastly, as shown below is the result of calculated shear force and shear capacity of the typical
bleacher (200mm x 175mm) considering the shear of concrete plus the shear of reinforcements:

 Calculated Shear of Concrete:

The maximum calculated shear force based on the Robot Model as shown in the table 2
is equivalent to Vactual = 71.77kN

 Shear Capacity of Concrete:

Vc = 0.17*√f’c * bw * d

where: Vc = shear strength of concrete, bw = web width, d = effective depth & f’c =
cylindrical strength

Therefore, Vc = 0.17*√35 * 200*(175-40-16-8/2) = 23.13kN – Part of Precast bleacher

 Strength of Shear Reinforcement

Vs = Av * fy*d/S, use T8@50mm o.c.

where: Av = 2(50.26) = 100.53mm2, fy = 500MPa, d = 115mm & S = 50mm

Vs = 100.53*500*115/50 = 115.61kN

ØVn = Ø (Vc+ Vs) = 0.75 (23.13 + 115.61) = 104.055kN > Vu = 71.77kN

__________________________

The sample strut-and-tie calculation is provided in Appendix B of this report.

Note that the structural design verification was based on the actual provided reinforcements as
indicated in the general arrangement and bar bending schedules shown in Appendix A.

Equivalent topology based on the strut-and-tie method was derived based on the existing
configuration of the typical precast bleachers.

All stresses and anchorages related to the typical precast bleachers were verified to be within
allowable design parameters.

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 16 of 19

Appendix A: Reference Drawings

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 17 of 19

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 18 of 19
Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 19 of 19
Appendix B: Strut-and-Tie Sample Calculation

Structural Design Verification for Typical Precast Bleacher (Revision 0) Page 20 of 19