VOLCANO is an opening in the Earth's crust where hot liquid rock from deep within the Earth, called

magma, erupts to the surface.

Magma and Lava

When rock beneath the Earth's surface gets really hot, it becomes molten or liquid. While it's still below the
surface, it's called magma. Once the magma erupts to the surface through a volcano, it's called lava. The
hotter and thinner the lava is, the farther it will flow. Lava can be very hot, sometimes as hot as 1000
degrees C.

 A volcano usually has a summit, slope, and base. At the summit, there is an opening which may
either be a crater or a caldera. A crater is a funnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano while a
caldera is formed when a part of the wall collapses following an explosive eruption .A volcano can
have one crater, like Mayon Volcano, or more than one, like Taal Volcano that has 47 craters.
Characteristic of volcano

kinds of volcanoes
1. Active volcanoes- these are volcanoes which have erupted within the last 10 years
Examples of some active volcanoes in the Philippines
 Hibok,hibok in camiguin
 Kanlaon in negros oriental
 Mayon in legazpi albay
  Pinatubo in Zambales
 Taal in Batangas
2. Dormant or Potentially Active Volcanoes- these volcanoes have no historical records of eruption.
They have not erupted recently but can possibly erupt in the future.
Types of volcanic eruptions
Volcanoes erupt differently.They are generally classified as wet or dry depending on the magma’s water
content. Volcanoes are described according to the style of eruption as follows:
a. Phreatic or hydrothermal – is a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water. It is
shortlived, characterized by ash columns but may be an onset of a larger eruption. example Taal Volcano in
Batangas.
b. Phreatomagmatic – is a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma. As a result, a large
column of very fine ash and high-speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics called base surges are
observed.
c. Strombolian - a periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava, just like the Irazu
Volcano in Costa Rica.
d. Vulcanian – characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and
ashfall tephra like that of Paricutin Volcano in Mexico.
e. Plinian – excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastics, just like our Pinatubo Volcano in
Zambales.