Tasmania - Wikipedia

Tasmania - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Tasmania
Coordinates: 42°S 147°E
Tasmania
Tasmania (/tæzˈmeɪniə/;[11] abbreviated as TAS,
nicknamed Tassie, Nuenonne and Palawa kani: Tasmania
Lutruwita) is an island state of Australia. It is located
240 km (150 mi) to the south of the Australian
mainland, separated by Bass Strait. The state
encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the 26th-
largest island in the world, and the surrounding 334 Flag Coat of arms
islands.[12] The state has a population of about
535,500[1] as of September 2019. Just more than Slogan or nickname The Apple
forty percent of the population resides in the Greater Isle;
Hobart precinct, which forms the metropolitan area Holiday Isle
of the state capital and largest city, Hobart.[13] Motto(s) Ubertas et
Fidelitas
Tasmania's area is 68,401 km2 (26,410 sq mi), of (Fertility and
which the main island covers 64,519 km2 Faithfulness)
(24,911 sq mi).[14] It is promoted as a natural state,
and protected areas of Tasmania cover about 42% of
its land area, which includes national parks and
World Heritage Sites.[15] Tasmania was the founding
place of the first environmental political party in the
world.[16]
The island is believed to have been occupied by

indigenous peoples for 30,000 years before British
colonisation.[17] It is thought Aboriginal Tasmanians
were separated from the mainland Aboriginal groups
about 10,000 years ago when the sea rose to form
Bass Strait.[18] The Aboriginal population is Location relative to other Australian
estimated to have been between 3,000 and 7,000 at states and territories
the time of colonisation, but was almost wiped out
within 30 years by a combination of violent guerrilla Coordinates 42°S 147°E
conflict with settlers known as the "Black War", Capital city Hobart
intertribal conflict, and from the late 1820s, the
spread of infectious diseases to which they had no Demonym Tasmanian
immunity. The conflict, which peaked between 1825
Government Constitutional
and 1831, and led to more than three years of martial
monarchy
law, cost the lives of almost 1,100 Aboriginals and
• Governor Kate Warner
settlers.
• Premier Peter
The island was permanently settled by Europeans in Gutwein (Lib)
1803 as a penal settlement of the British Empire to Australian state
prevent claims to the land by the First French
• Established as Van 1825
Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. The island was Diemen's Land
initially part of the Colony of New South Wales but • Responsible govt. 1856
became a separate, self-governing colony under the (as Tasmania)
name Van Diemen's Land (named after Anthony van
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Tasmania - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania
Diemen) in 1825.[19] Approximately 75,000 convicts • Federation 1901

were sent to Van Diemen's Land before • Australia Act 3 March
transportation ceased in 1853.[20] In 1854 the present 1986
Constitution of Tasmania was passed, and the Area
following year the colony received permission to
• Total 68,401 km²
change its name to Tasmania. In 1901 it became a (7th)
state through the process of the Federation of 26,410 sq mi
Australia. • Land 67,031 km²
25,881 sq mi
• Water 1,370.42 km²
(2%)
Contents 529 sq mi
Toponymy Population
History (September 2019)[1]
Physical history • Population 535,500 (6th)
Indigenous people • Density 7.99/km²
(4th)
European arrival and governance
20.7 /sq mi
Black War
Removal of Aboriginal People Elevation
Proclamation as a colony (1825) and • Highest point Mount Ossa
change of name (1856) 1,617 m
Federation (5,305 ft)[2]
Recent history Gross state product

(2018–19)
Geography
• Product ($m) $31,819[3]
Insularity
(7th)
Climate • Product per capita $59,863 (8th)
Soils
Time zone(s) UTC+10
Ecology (AEST)
Flora UTC+11
Fauna (AEDT)
Demography Federal representation
Ancestry and immigration • House seats 5/151
Language • Senate seats 12/76
Religion Abbreviations
Government • Postal TAS
Elections • ISO 3166-2 AU-TAS
Politics
Emblems
Local government
• Floral Tasmanian
Economy blue gum
(Eucalyptus
Culture
globulus)[4]
Cuisine
• Animal Tasmanian
Events devil
Literature (Sarcophilus
Media harrisii)[5]
Music and performing arts
Tasmanian cinema
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• Bird Yellow
Visual arts
wattlebird
Transport (unofficial)
Air (Anthochaera
paradoxa)[6]
Antarctica base
Road • Mineral or gemstone Crocoite[7]
(PbCrO4)[8]
Rail
• Colours Dark green,
Shipping red & gold
Sport Website www.tas.gov
Notable people .au (http://ww
Politicians w.tas.gov.au)
Actors Footnotes [9][10]
Authors
Sports persons
Musicians and composers
Gallery
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Toponymy
The island of Tasmania is named lutruwita in the Tasmania from space
Palawa kani reconstructed language. This name is taken
from the Bruny Island language word for the Tasmanian
mainland, which was recorded by George Augustus Robinson as Loe.trou.witter. Robinson
also recorded the name Trow.wer.nar for Tasmania, likely from the Eastern or Northeastern
Tasmanian languages. However, he also recorded it as a name for Cape Barren Island. In the
20th century, some writers used it as an Aboriginal name for Tasmania, spelled "Trowenna"
or "Trowunna". It is now believed that the name is more properly applied to Cape Barren
Island,[21] which has had an official dual name of "Truwana" since 2014.[22]
Tasmania is named after Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, who made the first reported European
sighting of the island on 24 November 1642. Tasman named the island Anthony van
Diemen's Land after his sponsor Anthony van Diemen, the Governor of the Dutch East
Indies. The name was later shortened to Van Diemen's Land by the British. It was officially
renamed Tasmania in honour of its first European discoverer on 1 January 1856.[23]
Tasmania was sometimes referred to as "Dervon", as mentioned in the Jerilderie Letter

written by the notorious Australian bushranger Ned Kelly in 1879. The colloquial expression
for the state is "Tassie". Tasmania is also colloquially shortened to "Tas", mainly when used in
business names and website addresses. TAS is also the Australia Post abbreviation for the
state.
A number of Palawa kani names, based on historical records of aboriginal names, have been
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accepted by the Tasmanian government. A dozen of these (below) are 'dual-use' (bilingual)
names, and another two are unbounded areas with only Palawa names.[24]
Bilingual names
kanamaluka / Tamar River

kunanyi / Mount Wellington
laraturunawn / Sundown Point
nungu / West Point
pinmatik / Rocky Cape
takayna / The Tarkine
taypalaka / Green Point
titima / Trefoil Island
truwana / Cape Barren Island
wukalina / Mount William
yingina / Great Lake
Palawa names
larapuna: an unbounded area centered on the Bay of Fires

Narawntapu National Park (formerly Asbestos Range National Park)
putalina: an unbounded area centered on Oyster Cove (including the community of Oyster
Cove)
There are also a number of archaeological sites with Palawa names. Some of these names have
been contentious, with names being proposed without consultation with the aboriginal
community, or without having a connection to the place in question.[25]
History
Physical history
The island was adjoined to the mainland of Australia until

the end of the last glacial period about 10,000 years ago.
Much of the island is composed of Jurassic dolerite
intrusions (the upwelling of magma) through other rock
types, sometimes forming large columnar joints.
Tasmania has the world's largest areas of dolerite, with
many distinctive mountains and cliffs formed from this
rock type. The central plateau and the southeast portions
Tessellated pavement, a rare rock
of the island are mostly dolerites. Mount Wellington
formation on the Tasman Peninsula
above Hobart is a good example, showing distinct
columns known as the Organ Pipes.
In the southern midlands as far south as Hobart, the dolerite is underlaid by sandstone and
similar sedimentary stones. In the southwest, Precambrian quartzites were formed from very
ancient sea sediments and form strikingly sharp ridges and ranges, such as Federation Peak or
Frenchmans Cap.
In the northeast and east, continental granites can be seen, such as at Freycinet, similar to
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coastal granites on mainland Australia. In the northwest

and west, mineral-rich volcanic rock can be seen at Mount
Read near Rosebery, or at Mount Lyell near Queenstown.
Also present in the south and northwest is limestone with
caves.
The quartzite and dolerite areas in the higher mountains

show evidence of glaciation, and much of Australia's
glaciated landscape is found on the Central Plateau and
Autumn on the Derwent River in
the Southwest. Cradle Mountain, another dolerite peak,
Tasmania
for example, was a nunatak. The combination of these
different rock types contributes to scenery which is
distinct from any other region of the world. In the far
southwest corner of the state, the geology is almost wholly quartzite, which gives the
mountains the false impression of having snow-capped peaks year round.
Indigenous people
Evidence indicates the presence of Aboriginals in Tasmania about 42,000 years ago. Rising
sea levels cut Tasmania off from mainland Australia about 10,000 years ago and by the time
of European contact, the Aboriginal people in Tasmania had nine major nations or ethnic
groups.[18] At the time of the British occupation and colonisation in 1803, the indigenous
population was estimated at between 3,000 and 10,000.
Historian Lyndall Ryan's analysis of population studies led her to conclude that there were
about 7,000 spread throughout the island's nine nations;[26] Nicholas Clements, citing
research by N.J.B. Plomley and Rhys Jones, settled on a figure of 3,000 to 4,000.[27] They
engaged in fire-stick farming, hunted game including kangaroo and wallabies, caught seals,
mutton-birds, shellfish and fish and lived as nine separate "nations" on the island, which they
knew as "Trouwunna".
European arrival and governance
The first reported sighting of Tasmania by a European

was on 24 November 1642 by Dutch explorer Abel
Tasman, who landed at today's Blackman Bay. More than
a century later, in 1772, a French expedition led by Marc-
Joseph Marion du Fresne landed at (nearby but different)
Blackmans Bay, and the following year Tobias Furneaux
became the first Englishman to land in Tasmania when he
arrived at Adventure Bay, which he named after his ship
HMS Adventure. Captain James Cook also landed at
Adventure Bay in 1777. Matthew Flinders and George Melchisedech Thevenot (1620?–
Bass sailed through Bass Strait in 1798–99, determining 1692): Map of New Holland from
for the first time that Tasmania was an island.[28] 1644, based on a map by the Dutch
cartographer Joan Blaeu.
Sealers and whalers based themselves on Tasmania's
islands from 1798,[29] and in August 1803 New South
Wales Governor Philip King sent Lieutenant John Bowen to establish a small military outpost
on the eastern shore of the Derwent River in order to forestall any claims to the island by
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French explorers who had been exploring the southern

Australian coastline. Bowen, who led a party of 49,
including 21 male and three female convicts, named the
camp Risdon.[28][30]
Several months later a second settlement was established

by Captain David Collins, with 308 convicts, 5 kilometres
Mount Wellington and Hobart from
(3.1 mi) to the south in Sullivans Cove on the western side
Kangaroo Point, c. 1834
of the Derwent, where fresh water was more plentiful. The
latter settlement became known as Hobart Town or
Hobarton, later shortened to Hobart, after the British
Colonial Secretary of the time, Lord Hobart. The settlement at Risdon was later abandoned.
Left on their own without further supplies, the Sullivans Cove settlement suffered severe food
shortages and by 1806 its inhabitants were starving, with many resorting to scraping seaweed
off rocks and scavenging washed-up whale blubber from the shore to survive.[28]
A smaller colony was established at Port Dalrymple on the Tamar River in the island's north
in October 1804 and several other convict-based settlements were established, including the
particularly harsh penal colonies at Port Arthur in the southeast and Macquarie Harbour on
the West Coast. Tasmania was eventually sent 75,000 convicts—four out of every ten people
transported to Australia.[28] By 1819 the Aboriginal and British population reached parity
with about 5000 of each, although among the colonists men outnumbered women four to
one.[31] Free settlers began arriving in large numbers from 1820, lured by the promise of land
grants and free convict labour. Settlement in the island's northwest corner was monopolised
by the Van Diemen's Land Company, which sent its first surveyors to the district in 1826. By
1830 one-third of Australia's non-Indigenous population lived in Van Diemen's Land and the
island accounted for about half of all land under cultivation and exports.[32]
Black War
Tensions between Tasmania's black and white inhabitants rose, partly driven by increasing
competition for kangaroo and other game.[33][34] Explorer and naval officer John Oxley in
1810 noted the "many atrocious cruelties" inflicted on Aboriginals by convict bushrangers in
the north, which in turn led to black attacks on solitary white hunters.[35] Hostilities increased
further with the arrival of 600 colonists from Norfolk Island between 1807 and 1813. They
established farms along the River Derwent and east and west of Launceston, occupying 10
percent of Van Diemen's Land. By 1824 the colonial population had swelled to 12,600, while
the island's sheep population had reached 200,000. The rapid colonisation transformed
traditional kangaroo hunting grounds into farms with grazing livestock as well as fences,
hedges and stone walls, while police and military patrols were increased to control the convict
farm labourers.[36]
Violence began to spiral rapidly from the mid-1820s in what became known as the "Black
War". While black inhabitants were driven to desperation by dwindling food supplies as well
as anger at the prevalence of abductions of women and girls, whites carried out attacks as a
means of exacting revenge and suppressing the native threat. Van Diemen's Land had an
enormous gender imbalance, with male colonists outnumbering females six to one in 1822—
and 16 to one among the convict population. Historian Nicholas Clements has suggested the
"voracious appetite" for native women was the most important trigger for the explosion of
violence from the late 1820s.[37]
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From 1825 to 1828 the number of native attacks more than

doubled each year, raising panic among settlers. Over the
summer of 1826–7 clans from the Big River, Oyster Bay and
North Midlands nations speared stock-keepers on farms and
made it clear that they wanted the settlers and their sheep and
cattle to move from their kangaroo hunting grounds. Settlers
responded vigorously, resulting in many mass-killings. In
November 1826 Governor George Arthur issued a government
notice declaring that colonists were free to kill Aborigines when
they attacked settlers or their property and in the following eight Four elderly full-blood
months more than 200 Aborigines were killed in the Settled Tasmanian Aborigines c.
Districts in reprisal for the deaths of 15 colonists. After another 1860s. Truganini, for many
eight months the death toll had risen to 43 colonists and years claimed to be the last
probably 350 Aboriginals.[38] Almost 300 British troops were full-blood Aboriginal to
sent into the Settled Districts, and in November 1828 Arthur survive, is seated at far
declared martial law, giving soldiers the right to shoot on sight right.
any Aboriginal in the Settled Districts. Martial law would remain
in force for more than three years, the longest period of martial
law in Australian history.[39][40]
In November 1830 Arthur organised the so-called "Black Line", ordering every able-bodied
male colonist to assemble at one of seven designated places in the Settled Districts to join a
massive drive to sweep Aboriginals out of the region and on to the Tasman Peninsula. The
campaign failed and was abandoned seven weeks later, but by then Tasmania's Aboriginal
population had fallen to about 300.
Removal of Aboriginal People
After hostilities between settlers and Aboriginals ceased in 1832, almost all of the remnants of
the indigenous population were persuaded or forced by government agent George Augustus
Robinson to move to Flinders Island. Many quickly succumbed to infectious diseases to which
they had no immunity, reducing the population further.[41][42] Of those removed from
Tasmania, the last to die was Truganini, in 1876. The near-destruction of Tasmania's
Aboriginal population has been described as an act of genocide by historians including Robert
Hughes, James Boyce, Lyndall Ryan and Tom Lawson.[28][43][44] Boyce has claimed that the
April 1828 "Proclamation Separating the Aborigines from the White Inhabitants" sanctioned
force against Aboriginals "for no other reason than that they were Aboriginal" and described
the decision to remove all Tasmanian Aborigines after 1832—by which time they had given up
their fight against white colonists—as an extreme policy position. He concluded: "The colonial
government from 1832 to 1838 ethnically cleansed the western half of Van Diemen's Land and
then callously left the exiled people to their fate."[45]
Proclamation as a colony (1825) and change of name (1856)
Van Diemen's Land—which thus far had existed as a territory within the colony of New South
Wales—was proclaimed a separate colony, with its own judicial establishment and Legislative
Council, on 3 December 1825. Transportation to the island ceased in 1853 and the colony was
renamed Tasmania in 1856, partly to differentiate the burgeoning society of free settlers from
the island's convict past.[46]
The Legislative Council of Van Diemen's Land drafted a new constitution which it passed in
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1854. The following year the Privy Council approved the

colony changing its name from "Van Diemen's Land" to
"Tasmania", and in 1856 the newly elected bicameral
parliament sat for the first time, establishing Tasmania as
a self-governing colony of the British Empire.
The colony suffered from economic fluctuations, but for

the most part was prosperous, experiencing steady
growth. With few external threats and strong trade links A convict ploughing team breaking
with the Empire, Tasmania enjoyed many fruitful periods up new ground at the farm at Port
in the late 19th century, becoming a world-centre of Arthur.
shipbuilding. It raised a local defence force that
eventually played a significant role in the Second Boer
War in South Africa, and Tasmanian soldiers in that conflict won the first two Victoria Crosses
awarded to Australians.
Federation
In 1901 the Colony of Tasmania united with the five other Australian colonies to form the
Commonwealth of Australia. Tasmanians voted in favour of federation with the largest
majority of all the Australian colonies.
Recent history
The state was badly affected by the 1967 Tasmanian fires, in which there was major loss of life
and property. In the 1970s the state government announced plans to flood environmentally
significant Lake Pedder. As a result of the eventual flooding of Lake Pedder, the world's first
green party was established; the United Tasmania Group.
In 1975 the Tasman Bridge collapsed when the bridge was struck by the bulk ore carrier MV
Lake Illawarra. It was the only bridge in Hobart, and made crossing the Derwent River by
road at the city impossible. The nearest bridge was approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the
north, at Bridgewater.
National and international attention surrounded the campaign against the Franklin Dam in
the early 1980s.
On 28 April 1996, in the Port Arthur massacre, lone gunman Martin Bryant shot and killed 35
people (including tourists and residents) and injured 21 others. The use of firearms was
immediately reviewed, and new gun ownership laws were adopted nationwide, with
Tasmania's law one of the strictest in Australia.
In April 2006 the Beaconsfield Mine collapse was triggered by a small earthquake. One person
was killed and two others were trapped underground for 14 days.
The Tasmanian community has for some time been divided over the issue of the proposed Bell
Bay Pulp Mill to be built in the Tamar Valley. Proponents argue that jobs will be created, while
opponents argue that pollution will damage both the Bass Strait fishing industry and local
tourism. The company behind the proposal collapsed in 2012 and the pulp mill project
officially ended in 2017 when the building permits lapsed.
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In January 2011 philanthropist David Walsh opened the Museum of Old and New Art
(MONA) in Hobart to international acclaim. Within 12 months, MONA became Tasmania's
top tourism attraction.[47]
Port Arthur
Geography
Tasmania's landmass of 68,401 km2 (26,410 sq mi) is
located directly in the pathway of the notorious "Roaring
Forties" wind that encircles the globe. To its north, it is
separated from mainland Australia by Bass Strait.
Tasmania is the only Australian state that is not located
on the Australian mainland. About 2,500 kilometres
(1,600 mi) south of Tasmania island lies the George V
Coast of Antarctica. Depending on which borders of the
oceans are used, the island can be said to be either
surrounded by the Southern Ocean, or to have the Pacific
on its east and the Indian to its west. Still other
definitions of the ocean boundaries would have Tasmania
with the Great Australian Bight to the west, and the
Tasman Sea to the east. It lies at similar latitudes to the
South Island of New Zealand, and parts of Patagonia in Topography of Tasmania
South America.
The most mountainous region is the Central Highlands

area, which covers most of the central western parts of the
state. The Midlands located in the central east, is fairly
flat, and is predominantly used for agriculture, although
farming activity is scattered throughout the state.
Tasmania's tallest mountain is Mount Ossa at 1,617 m
(5,305 ft).[2][48] Much of Tasmania is still densely
forested, with the Southwest National Park and
neighbouring areas holding some of the last temperate
rain forests in the Southern Hemisphere. The Tarkine, North Coast of Tasmania
containing Savage River National Park located in the
island's far north west, is the largest temperate rainforest
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area in Australia covering about 3,800 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi).[49] With its rugged
topography, Tasmania has a great number of rivers. Several of Tasmania's largest rivers have
been dammed at some point to provide hydroelectricity. Many rivers begin in the Central
Highlands and flow out to the coast. Tasmania's major population centres are mainly situated
around estuaries (some of which are named rivers).
Wineglass Bay seen from Mount Amos at Freycinet National Park
Insularity
Tasmania's insularity was likely detected by Captain Abel Tasman when he charted
Tasmania's coast in 1642. On 5 December, Tasman was following the east coast northward to
see how far it went. When the land veered to the north-west at Eddystone Point,[50] he tried to
keep in with it but his ships were suddenly hit by the Roaring Forties howling through Banks
Strait.[51] Tasman was on a mission to find the Southern Continent, not more islands, so he
abruptly turned away to the east and continued his continent-hunting.[52]
The next European to enter the strait was Captain James Cook on HMS Endeavour in April
1770. A talented and diligent hydrographer, Cook quickly identified the strait, but knew he
had to conceal it. The Admiralty had issued its usual instructions to hide strategically
important discoveries that could become security risks, such as off-shore islands from which
operations could be mounted by a hostile power, at a time of intense Anglo-French rivalry.
Consequently, in his journal Cook seemingly disguised his discovery with a riddle;[53] and on
his chart he drew a curtain across the truncated channel by sketching a false coastline down to
an invented Point Hicks.[54] Cook's ploy worked and Tasmania's insularity was suppressed for
three more decades, as Europe's mapmakers increasingly depicted it as a peninsula joined to
the mainland.
The age-old question about Tasmania's insularity – 'Is Van Diemen's Land a peninsula or an
island?' – was officially resolved in 1798–99 when George Bass and Matthew Flinders
circumnavigated the island. When news of their discovery of Bass Strait reached Europe, the
French government despatched a reconnaissance expedition commanded by Nicolas Baudin.
This prompted Governor King to send two vessels from Sydney to the island to establish a
garrison at Hobart.[55]
Climate
Tasmania has a relatively cool temperate climate compared to the rest of Australia with four
distinct seasons.[56] Summer is from December to February when the average maximum sea
temperature is 21 °C (70 °F) and inland areas around Launceston reach 24 °C (75 °F). Other
inland areas are much cooler, with Liawenee, located on the Central Plateau, one of the
coldest places in Australia, ranging between 4 °C (39 °F) and 17 °C (63 °F) in February.
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Autumn is from March to May, with mostly settled

weather, as summer patterns gradually take on the shape
of winter patterns.[57] The winter months are from June
to August, and are generally the wettest and coldest
months in the state, with most high lying areas receiving
considerable snowfall. Winter maximums are 12 °C
(54 °F) on average along coastal areas and 3 °C (37 °F) on
the central plateau, as a result of a series of cold fronts
from the Southern Ocean. Inland areas receive regular
freezes throughout the winter months.[58] Spring is from Knyvet Falls near Cradle Mountain,
September to November, and is an unsettled season of Tasmania
transition, where winter weather patterns begin to take
the shape of summer patterns, although snowfall is still
common up until October. Spring is generally the
windiest time of the year with afternoon sea breezes
starting to take effect on the coast.
No.
Mean Min. Mean Max. Rainfall
City Clear
Temp °C Temp °C (mm) Moulting Lagoon and Great Oyster
days
Bay with the Freycinet Peninsula in
Hobart 8.3 16.9 41 616[59] the distance
Launceston 7.2 18.4 50 666[60]
Devonport 8.1 16.8 61 778[61]
Strahan 7.9 16.5 41 1,458[62]
Soils
Despite the presence of some Quaternary glaciation,

Tasmania's soils are not more fertile than those of
mainland Australia, largely because most are severely
leached and the areas with driest climates (least leaching)
were unaffected by glaciation or alluvia derived
therefrom. Most soils on the Bass Strait Islands, the east
coast and western Tasmania are very infertile spodosols
or psamments, with some even less fertile "lateritic
An apple orchard in the "Apple Isle".
podzolic soils" in the latter region. Most of these lands are
thus not used for agriculture, but there is much
productive forestry in Tasmania—which remains one of
the state's major industries.
On the north coast, apart from some relatively fertile alluvial soils used for fruit-growing,
there are also deep red, easily workable soils known as "krasnozems" ("red land"). These soils
are highly acidic and fix phosphate very effectively, but their extremely favourable physical
properties make them extensively used for dairying, beef cattle and fodder crops.
The Midlands and the Lower Derwent present a different story from the rest of the state.
Owing to a relatively dry climate and alkaline (mostly dolerite) parent material, these soils are
relatively unleached and contain lime in the deeper subsoil. They are mostly classified as
"prairie soils" or "brown earths" and bear some resemblance to the chernozems of Russia and
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North America, although they are much lower in available phosphorus and somewhat acidic
in the surface levels. Their higher nutrient levels, however, allow them to support productive
pasture, and large numbers of sheep are grazed in these regions. Some grain crops are also
grown in the driest areas. In the alluvial areas of southeastern Tasmania, rich alluvial soils
permit apples to be grown.
Tasmania became known as the "Apple Isle" because for many years it was one of the world's
major apple producers. Apples are still grown in large numbers, particularly in southern
Tasmania, and have the distinction of being the first approved by the Japanese government
for import, due to their verifiable pest-free status.[63]
Ecology
Geographically and genetically isolated, Tasmania is
known for its unique flora and fauna.
Flora
Tasmania has extremely diverse vegetation, from the

heavily grazed grassland of the dry Midlands to the tall
evergreen eucalypt forest, alpine heathlands and large
areas of cool temperate rainforests and moorlands in the Ferns in Hellyer Gorge, to the
rest of the state. Many flora species are unique to northeast of Savage River National
Tasmania, and some are related to species in South Park
America and New Zealand through ancestors which grew
on the super continent of Gondwana, 50 million years
ago. Beech species Nothofagus gunnii, commonly known
as Fagus, is Australia's only temperate native deciduous
tree that is found exclusively in Tasmania.[64]
Fauna
The island of Tasmania was home to the thylacine, a

marsupial which resembled a fossa or some say a wild
Although Tasmanian devils are
dog. Known colloquially as the Tasmanian tiger for the
nocturnal, they like to rest in the
distinctive striping across its back, it became extinct in
sun. Scarring from fighting is visible
mainland Australia much earlier because of competition
next to this devil's left eye.
by the dingo, introduced in prehistoric times. Owing to
persecution by farmers, government-funded bounty
hunters and, in the final years, collectors for overseas
museums, it appears to have been exterminated in Tasmania. The Tasmanian devil became
the largest carnivorous marsupial in the world following the extinction of the thylacine in
1936, and is now found in the wild only in Tasmania. Tasmania was one of the last regions of
Australia to be introduced to domesticated dogs. Dogs were brought from Britain in 1803 for
hunting kangaroos and emus. This introduction completely transformed Aboriginal society, as
it helped them to successfully compete with European hunters, and was more important than
the introduction of guns for the Aboriginals.[65]
Demography
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Tasmania's population is more homogeneous than that of

other states of Australia, with many of Irish and British
descent.[66] Approximately 65% of its residents are
descendants of an estimated 10,000 "founding families"
from the mid-19th century.
Until 2012, Tasmania was the only state in Australia with

an above-replacement total fertility rate; Tasmanian
women had an average of 2.24 children each.[67] By 2012
The city of Hobart, seen here from
the birth rate had slipped to 2.1 children per woman,
Mount Wellington, is Tasmania's
bringing the state to the replacement threshold, but it
most populous city and comprises a
continues to have the second-highest birth rate of any large portion of the state's
state or territory (behind the Northern Territory).[68] population.
Major population centres include Hobart, Launceston,

Devonport, Burnie, and Ulverstone. Kingston is often
defined as a separate city but is generally regarded as part
of the Greater Hobart Area.[69]
Name Population
Greater Hobart 226,884[13]
Launceston 86,404[70]
Devonport 30,044[70] Estimated resident population since

1981
Burnie 26,978[70]
Ulverstone 14,424[70]
Ancestry and immigration
At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated Country of Birth (2016)[71][72]
ancestries were:[N 2][71][72] Birthplace[N 1] Population
Australia 411,490
English (47.7%)
Australian (46.3%)[N 3] England 18,776
Irish (11.7%) New Zealand 4,997
Scottish (10%) Mainland China 3,036
Indigenous (4.6%)[N 4]
Scotland 2,283
German (3.9%)
Netherlands 2,193
Dutch (2.2%)
Italian (1.5%) Germany 2,108
Chinese (1.5%) India 1,980
United States 1,630
19.3% of the population was born overseas at the 2016
census. The five largest groups of overseas-born were Philippines 1,616
from England (3.7%), New Zealand (1%), Mainland China South Africa 1,524
(0.6%), Scotland (0.4%) and the Netherlands (0.4%).
[71][72] Malaysia 1,409
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4.6% of the population, or 23,572 people, identified as Indigenous Australians (Aboriginal

Australians and Torres Strait Islanders) in 2016.[N 5][71][72]
Language
At the 2016 census, 88.3% of the population spoke only English at home. The other languages
most commonly spoken at home were Standard Mandarin (0.8%), Nepali (0.3%), Greek
(0.2%) and Italian (0.2%).[71][72]
Religion
At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated religions were 'No Religion' (37.8%),
Anglicanism (20.4%) and Catholicism (15.6%).[71][72]
Government
The form of the government of Tasmania is prescribed in
its constitution, which dates from 1856, although it has
been amended many times since then. Since 1901,
Tasmania has been a state of the Commonwealth of
Australia, and the Australian Constitution regulates its Parliament House, Hobart
relationship with the Commonwealth and prescribes
which powers each level of government is allowed.
Tasmania is a State in the Australian federation. Its relationship with the Federal Government
and Parliament are regulated by the Australian Constitution. Tasmania is represented in the
Senate by 12 senators, on an equal basis with all other states. In the House of Representatives,
Tasmania is entitled to five seats, which is the minimum allocation for a state guaranteed by
the Constitution—the number of House of Representatives seats for each state is otherwise
decided on the basis of their relative populations, and Tasmania has never qualified for five
seats on that basis alone. Tasmania's House of Assembly use a system of multi-seat
proportional representation known as Hare-Clark.
Elections
At the 2002 state election, the Labor Party won 14 of the 25 House seats. The people
decreased their vote for the Liberal Party; representation in the Parliament fell to seven seats.
The Greens won four seats, with over 18% of the popular vote, the highest proportion of any
Green party in any parliament in the world at that time.
On 23 February 2004 the Premier Jim Bacon Composition of the Parliament of Tasmania
announced his retirement, after being diagnosed Political House of Legislative
with lung cancer. In his last months he opened a Party Assembly Council
ALP 10 4
vigorous anti-smoking campaign which included
Liberal 13 1
many restrictions on where individuals could Greens 2 0
smoke, such as pubs. He died four months later. Independent 0 10
Bacon was succeeded by Paul Lennon, who, after Source: Tasmanian Electoral Commission
leading the state for two years, went on to win the 2006 state election in his own right.
Lennon resigned in 2008 and was succeeded by David Bartlett, who formed a coalition
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government with the Greens after the 2010 state election resulted in a hung parliament.
Bartlett resigned as Premier in January 2011 and was replaced by Lara Giddings, who became
Tasmania's first female Premier. In March 2014 Will Hodgman's Liberal Party won
government, ending sixteen years of Labor governance, and ending an eight-year period for
Hodgman himself as Leader of the Opposition.[74] Hodgman then won a second term of
government in the 2018 state election, but resigned mid-term in January 2020 and was
replaced by Peter Gutwein.[75]
Politics
Tasmania has a number of undeveloped regions. Proposals for local economic development
have been faced with requirements for environmental sensitivity, or opposition. In particular,
proposals for hydroelectric power generation were debated in the late 20th century. In the
1970s, opposition to the construction of the Lake Pedder reservoir impoundment led to the
formation of the world's first green party, the United Tasmania Group.[76][76]
In the early 1980s the state debated the proposed Franklin River Dam. The anti-dam
sentiment was shared by many Australians outside Tasmania and proved a factor in the
election of the Hawke Labor government in 1983, which halted construction of the dam. Since
the 1980s the environmental focus has shifted to old growth logging and mining in the
Tarkine region, which have both proved divisive. The Tasmania Together process
recommended an end to clear felling in high conservation old growth forests by January 2003,
but was unsuccessful.
Local government
Tasmania has 29 local government areas. Local councils are responsible for functions
delegated by the Tasmanian parliament, such as urban planning, road infrastructure and
waste management. Council revenue comes mostly from property taxes and government
grants.
As with the House of Assembly, Tasmania's local government elections use a system of multi-
seat proportional representation known as Hare–Clark. Local government elections take place
every four years and are conducted by the Tasmanian Electoral Commission by full postal
ballot. The next local government elections will be held during September and October 2018.
Economy
Traditionally, Tasmania's main industries have been mining (including copper, zinc, tin, and
iron), agriculture, forestry, and tourism. In the 1940s and 1950s, a hydro-industrialisation
initiative was embodied in the state by Hydro Tasmania. These all have had varying fortunes
over the last century and more, involved in ebbs and flows of population moving in and away
dependent upon the specific requirements of the dominant industries of the time.[77] The state
also has a large number of food exporting sectors, including but not limited to seafood (such
as Atlantic salmon, abalone and crayfish).
In the 1960s and 1970s there was a decline in traditional crops such as apples and pears,[78]
with other crops and industries eventually rising in their place. During the 15 years until 2010,
new agricultural products such as wine, saffron, pyrethrum and cherries have been fostered by
the Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research.
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Favourable economic conditions throughout Australia,

cheaper air fares, and two new Spirit of Tasmania ferries
have all contributed to what is now a rising tourism
industry.
About 1.7% of the Tasmanian population are employed by

local government.[79] Other major employers include
Nyrstar, Norske Skog, Grange Resources, Rio Tinto,[80]
the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hobart, and Federal
Group. Small business is a large part of the community
life, including Incat, Moorilla Estate and Tassal. In the
late 1990s, a number of national companies based their
call centres in the state after obtaining cheap access to
broad-band fibre optic connections.[81][77]
34% of Tasmanians are reliant on welfare payments as Western Tasmania and South West
their primary source of income.[82] This number is in part Tasmania with natural resources on
due to the large number of older residents and retirees in 1865 map
Tasmania receiving Age Pensions. Due to its natural
environment and clean air, Tasmania is a common
retirement selection for Australians.[83]
Culture
Cuisine
During colonial times the cuisines of the British Isles were Smoked Tasmanian salmon.
the standard in most areas of Tasmania. Tasmania now Tasmania is a large exporter of
has a wide range of restaurants, in part due to the arrival seafood, particularly salmon.
of immigrants and changing cultural patterns. Scattered
across Tasmania are many vineyards,[84] and Tasmanian
beer brands such as Boags and Cascade are known and sold in Mainland Australia. King
Island off the northwestern coast of Tasmania has a reputation for boutique cheeses[84] and
dairy products. Tasmanians are also consumers of seafood,[84] such as crayfish, orange
roughy, salmon[84] and oysters,[84] both farmed and wild.
Events
To foster tourism, the state government encourages or supports several annual events in and
around the island. The best known of these is the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race, starting on
Boxing Day in Sydney and usually arriving at Constitution Dock in Hobart around three to
four days later, during the Taste of Tasmania, an annual food and wine festival. Other events
include the road rally Targa Tasmania which attracts rally drivers from around the world and
is staged all over the state, over five days. Rural or regional events include Agfest, a three-day
agricultural show held at Carrick (just west of Launceston) in early May and NASA supported
TastroFest - Tasmania's Astronomy Festival, held early August in Ulverstone (North West
Tasmania). The Royal Hobart Show and Royal Launceston Show are both held in October
annually. Music events held in Tasmania include the Falls Festival at Marion Bay (a Victorian
event now held in both Victoria and Tasmania on New Year's Eve), the Festival of Voices, a
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national celebration of song held each year in Hobart attracting international and national
teachers and choirs in the heart of Winter, MS Fest is a charity music event held in
Launceston, to raise money for those with multiple sclerosis. The Cygnet Folk Festival is one
Australia's most iconic folk music festivals and is held every year in January, the Tasmanian
Lute Festival is an early music event held in different locations in Tasmania every two years.
Recent additions to the state arts events calendar include the 10 Days on the Island arts
festival, MONA FOMA, run by David Walsh and curated by Brian Ritchie and Dark MOFO
also run by David Walsh and curated by Leigh Carmichael.
Literature
Notable titles by Tasmanian authors include For the Term of his Natural Life by Marcus
Clarke, The Museum of Modern Love[85][86] by Heather Rose, The Narrow Road to the Deep
North by Richard Flanagan, The Alphabet of Light and Dark by Danielle Wood, The Roving
Party by Rohan Wilson and The Year of Living Dangerously by Christopher Koch, The Rain
Queen[87] by Katherine Scholes, Bridget Crack[88] by Rachel Leary, and The Blue Day Book
by Bradley Trevor Greive. Part of Helen Garner's Monkey Grip is set in Hobart. Children's
books include They Found a Cave by Nan Chauncy, The Museum of Thieves by Lian Tanner,
Finding Serendipity, A Week Without Tuesday and Blueberry Pancakes Forever[89] by
Angelica Banks, Tiger Tale by Marion and Steve Isham. Tasmania is home to the eminent
literary magazine that was formed in 1979, Island magazine, and the biennial Tasmanian
Writers and Readers Festival.
Media
Tasmania has five broadcast television stations which produce local content including ABC
Tasmania, Seven Tasmania – an affiliate of Seven Network, WIN Television Tasmania – an
affiliate of Ten Network, Nine Tasmania – an affiliate of the Nine Network (joint owned by
WIN and Southern Cross), and SBS.
Music and performing arts
Tasmania has a varied musical scene, ranging from the

Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra whose home is the
Federation Concert Hall, to a substantial number of small
bands, orchestras, string quintets, saxophone ensembles
and individual artists who perform at a variety of venues
around the state. Tasmania is also home to a vibrant
community of composers including Constantine Koukias,
Maria Grenfell and Don Kay, who is the patron of the
Tasmanian Composers Collective,[90] the representative
The Princess Theatre and Earl Arts
Centre, Launceston
body for composers in Tasmania. Tasmania is also home
to one of Australia's leading new music institutions, IHOS
Music Theatre and Opera and gospel choirs, the Southern
Gospel Choir. Prominent Australian metal bands
Psycroptic and Striborg hail from Tasmania.[91] Noir-rock band The Paradise Motel and 1980s
power-pop band The Innocents[92] are also citizens. The first season of the television series
The Mole was filmed and based mainly in Tasmania, with the final elimination taking place in
Port Arthur jail.
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Tasmanian cinema
Films set in Tasmania include Young Einstein, The Tale of Ruby Rose, The Hunter, The Last
Confession of Alexander Pearce, Arctic Blast, Manganinnie, Van Diemen's Land, Lion, and
The Nightingale. Common within Australian cinema, the Tasmanian landscape is a focal point
in most of their feature film productions. The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce and Van
Diemen's Land are both set during an episode of Tasmania's convict history. Tasmanian film
production goes as far back as the silent era, with the epic For The Term of his Natural Life in
1927 being the most expensive feature film made on Australian shores. The Kettering
Incident, filmed in and around Kettering, Tasmania, won the 2016 AACTA Award for Best
Telefeature or Mini Series.
Visual arts
The biennial Tasmanian Living Artists' Week is a ten-day statewide festival for Tasmania's
visual artists. The fourth festival in 2007 involved more than 1000 artists. Tasmania is home
to two winners of the prestigious Archibald Prize—Jack Carington Smith in 1963 for a portrait
of Professor James McAuley, and Geoffrey Dyer in 2003 for his portrait of Richard Flanagan.
Photographers Olegas Truchanas and Peter Dombrovskis are known for works that became
iconic in the Lake Pedder and Franklin Dam conservation movements. English-born painter
John Glover (1767–1849) is known for his paintings of Tasmanian landscapes. The Museum
of Old and New Art (MONA) opened in January 2011 at the Moorilla Estate in Berriedale,[93]
and is the largest privately owned museum complex in Australia.[94]
Transport
Air
Tasmania's main air carriers are Jetstar Airways and

Virgin Australia; Qantas, QantasLink and Regional
Express Airlines. These airlines fly direct routes to
Brisbane, the Gold Coast, Melbourne and Sydney. Major
airports include Hobart International Airport (which has
not had a regular scheduled international passenger Hobart International Airport.
service since the 1990s) and Launceston Airport; the
smaller airports, Burnie (Wynyard) and King Island,
serviced by Regional Express; and Devonport, serviced by QantasLink; have services to
Melbourne. Intra-Tasmanian air services are offered by Airlines of Tasmania. Until 2001
Ansett Australia operated majorly out of Tasmania to 12 destinations nationwide.
Antarctica base
Tasmania – Hobart in particular – serves as Australia's chief sea link to Antarctica, with the
Australian Antarctic Division located in Kingston. Hobart is also the home port of the French
ship l'Astrolabe, which makes regular supply runs to the French Southern Territories near
and in Antarctica.
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Road
Within the state, the primary form of transport is by road.

Since the 1980s, many of the state's highways have
undergone regular upgrades. These include the Hobart
Southern Outlet, Launceston Southern Outlet, Bass
Highway reconstruction, and the Huon Highway. Public
transport is provided by Metro Tasmania bus services,
regular taxis and Hobart only[95] UBER ride-share
services within urban areas, with Redline Coaches, Bridgewater Bridge
Tassielink Transit and Callows Coaches providing bus
service between population centres.
Rail
Rail transport in Tasmania consists of narrow-gauge lines to all four major population centres
and to mining and forestry operations on the west coast and in the northwest. Services are
operated by TasRail. Regular passenger train services in the state ceased in 1977; the only
scheduled trains are for freight, but there are tourist trains in specific areas, for example the
West Coast Wilderness Railway. There is an ongoing proposal to reinstate commuter trains to
Hobart. This idea however lacks political motivation.
Shipping
The port of Hobart is the second deepest natural port in

the world, second to only Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. There
is a substantial amount of commercial and recreational
shipping within the harbour, and the port hosts
approximately 120 cruise ships during the warmer half of
the year, and there are occasional visits from military
vessels.[96] The Spirit of Tasmania links the
island with mainland Australia.
Burnie and Devonport on the northwest coast host ports
and several other coastal towns host either small fishing
ports or substantial marinas. The domestic sea route
between Tasmanian and the mainland is serviced by Bass Strait passenger/vehicle ferries
operated by the Tasmanian government-owned TT-Line (Tasmania). The state is also home to
Incat, a manufacturer of very high-speed aluminium catamarans that regularly broke records
when they were first launched. The state government tried using them on the Bass Strait run
but eventually decided to discontinue the run because of concerns over viability and the
suitability of the vessels for the extreme weather conditions sometimes experienced in the
strait.
Sport
Sport is an important pastime in Tasmania, and the state has produced several famous
sportsmen and women and also hosted several major sporting events. The Tasmanian Tigers
cricket team represents the state successfully (for example the Sheffield Shield in 2007, 2011
and 2013) and plays its home games at the Bellerive Oval in Hobart; which is also the home
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ground for the Hobart Hurricanes in the Big Bash League.

In addition, Bellerive Oval regularly hosts international
cricket matches. Famous Tasmanian cricketers include
David Boon and former Australian captain Ricky Ponting.
Australian Rules Football is also popularly followed, with

frequent discussion of a proposed Tasmanian team in the
Australian Football League (AFL). Several AFL games
have been played at Aurora Stadium, Launceston,
Bellerive Oval at night, during the
including the Hawthorn Football Club and as of 2012, at
one-day cricket Australia vs
the Bellerive Oval with the North Melbourne Football
England.
Club playing 3 home games there. The stadium was the
site of an infamous match between St Kilda and
Fremantle which was controversially drawn after the
umpires failed to hear the final siren. Local leagues include the North West Football League
and Tasmanian State League.
Rugby League Football is also played in the area, with the highest level of football played is in
the Tasmanian Rugby League competition. The most successful team is the Hobart Tigers,
who have won the title three times.
Rugby Union is also played in Tasmania and is governed by the Tasmanian Rugby Union. Ten
clubs take part in the statewide Tasmanian Rugby Competition.
Association Football (soccer) is played throughout the state, including a proposed Tasmanian
A-League Club and an existing statewide league called the NPL Tasmania.
Tasmania hosts the professional Moorilla International tennis tournament as part of the lead
up to the Australian Open and is played at the Hobart International Tennis Centre, Hobart.
The Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race is an annual event starting in Sydney, NSW, on Boxing Day
and finishing in Hobart, Tasmania. It is widely considered to be one of the most difficult yacht
races in the world.[97]
While some of the other sports played and barracked for have grown in popularity, others
have declined. For example, in basketball Tasmania has not been represented in the National
Basketball League since the demise of the Hobart Devils in 1996.
Notable people
Notable people from Tasmania include:
Truganini, full-blooded Tasmanian Aborigine

Elizabeth Blackburn, first woman from Australia to win a Nobel Prize
Joseph Lyons, Prime Minister of Australia
F. Matthias Alexander (1869–1955), originator of the Alexander Technique
John Gellibrand, founder of Legacy
Mary, Crown Princess of Denmark (née Mary Donaldson)
David Walsh, owner and founder of MONA
Alannah Hill, fashion designer
Margaret Scott, author, academic
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Graeme Murphy, dancer and choreographer

Marcus Clarke, author
Pat Brassington, artist
David Stephenson, artist
Bob Clifford, owner and founder of Incat
Deny King, naturalist, ornithologist and environmentalist
Sir Hudson Fysh, aviator and a founder of Qantas
Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane and Primate of Australia Phillip Aspinall
Oliver Heyward, 6th Bishop of Bendigo
Hannah Gadsby, comedian, speaker, cultural critic
Politicians
Joseph Lyons, former Prime Minister of Australia
Enid Lyons, wife of Joseph Lyons and first woman member of House of Representatives
Bob Brown, former leader of the Greens political party
Actors
Actor Norman Coburn, actor in Home and away
Actor Simon Baker, star of The Mentalist
Actor Errol Flynn
Actress Rachael Taylor
Australian actress Kris McQuade lives in Tasmania.
Actress Essie Davis, star of Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries
Authors
Richard Flanagan, Australian author and recipient of the Man Booker Prize 2014
Heather Rose, Australian author and recipient of The Stella Prize 2017, the Christina
Stead Prize 2017, the Margaret Scott Prize 2017
Danielle Wood, Australian author and recipient of the Vogel Prize 2002
Rohan Wilson, Australian author and recipient of the Vogel Prize 2011, the Vance Palmer
Prize for Fiction 2016, The Margaret Scott Prize 2013
Louisa Ann Meredith (1812–1895), author and illustrator
Katherine Scholes, Australian author
Rachael Treasure, Australian author
Katherine Johnson, Australian author
Christopher Koch, Australian author
Nan Chauncy, author
Bob Brown, Australian author
James Boyce, Australian author
Bill Mollison, Author and permaculturalist. Right Livelihood Award, 1981
Kate Gordon, author
Simon Hanselmann, cartoonist, best known for his Megg, Mogg, and Owl series of comics
Sports persons
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Australian cricketer Ricky Ponting

Australian cricketer David Boon
Australian cricketer Tim Paine
Australian cricketer George Bailey
Australian cricketer Xavier Doherty
Australian Test cricket match umpire Steve Randell
Eddie Jones, current head coach of England
Woodchopping world champion David Foster
Robert Fahey, real tennis player; reigning World Champion since 1994.
Former ATP Tennis player David Macpherson
Paul Williams (Australian rules footballer) AFL
Alex Cisak, Association football player
Royce Hart, Australian rules footballer
Matthew Richardson, Australian rules footballer
Former V8 Supercar and current NASCAR driver Marcos Ambrose (2003–2004 champion
of V8 Supercar)
Retired V8 Supercar, driver John Bowe (1995 champion)
Cyclist Richie Porte
Cyclist Luke Ockerby
Musicians and composers

Drummer Dave Haley from technical death metal band Psycroptic and black metal band
Ruins (metal band)
Musician Courtney Barnett (born in Sydney; however, she moved to Hobart with her family
at age sixteen, attending St Michael's Collegiate School and later, the Tasmanian School
of Art)
Composer Don Kay
Country music singer Jean Stafford
Composer Peter Sculthorpe
Band Luca Brasi (band)[98]
Bassist Brian Ritchie, founding member of Violent Femmes
Musician Russell Menzies (Sin Nanna) of one-man black metal band Striborg
Nu-metalcore band Alpha Wolf (band)
Gallery
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Cataract Gorge, Cradle Mountain Sub-Antarctic Mount Roland

Tasmania from the shore of Garden, Royal
Dove Lake Tasmanian
Botanical Garden,
Hobart
See also
Index of Australia-related articles
List of amphibians of Tasmania
List of schools in Tasmania
Omission of Tasmania from maps of Australia
Outline of Australia
Regions of Tasmania
Notes
1. In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, England, Scotland,
Mainland China and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are
listed separately
2. As a percentage of 475,884 persons who nominated their ancestry at the 2016 census.
3. The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as
their ancestry are part of the Anglo-Celtic group.[73]
4. Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait
Islanders. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian
Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any
ancestry.
5. Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait
Islanders. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian
Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any
ancestry.
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68. "Birth-rate slump in Tasmania linked with tough economic times for families" (http://www.th
emercury.com.au/news/tasmania/birth-rate-slump-in-tasmania-linked-with-tough-economic
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2014-03-27/tasmanian-liberals-secure-15-seats-as-election-count-ends/5350000).
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abc.net.au/news/2020-01-20/tasmania-new-premier-announced-peter-gutwein/11880490).
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article&sid=329). themetalforge.com. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
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theinnocents.com.au. The Innocents. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
93. McKay, Danielle (27 March 2011) MONA puts Tassie on map (https://web.archive.org/web/
20110514201426/http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2011/03/27/217761_tasmania-new
s.html), The Mercury.
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110-19khn.html), The Sydney Morning Herald, 10 January 2011.
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21104.stm). BBC News. 29 December 2001. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
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Further reading
Alexander, Alison, ed. (2005). The Companion to Tasmanian History (http://www.utas.edu.
au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_history/). Hobart, Tasmania: Centre for Tasmanian
Historical Studies, University of Tasmania. ISBN 978-1-86295-223-2. OCLC 61888464 (htt
ps://www.worldcat.org/oclc/61888464).
Robson, L. L. (1983). A History of Tasmania. Volume I. Van Diemen's Land from the
Earliest Times to 1855. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554364-5.
Robson, L. L. (1991). A History of Tasmania. Volume II. Colony and State from 1856 to the
1980s. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-553031-4.
Cameron-Ash M. (2018). "Lying for the Admiralty". Captain Cook's first voyage & secret of
Port Jackson. ISBN 978-0-648-04396-6
External links
Tasmania Online—the main State Government website (http://tas.gov.au/)
Discover Tasmania (http://www.discovertasmania.com/) – official tourism website
Geographic data related to Tasmania (https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/236965
29 of 30 13/06/2020, 13:37
2) at OpenStreetMap
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Tasmania - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

Coordinates: 42°S 147°E

The island is believed to have been occupied by

Diemen) in 1825.[19] Approximately 75,000 convicts • Federation 1901

Recent history Gross state product

Tasmania was sometimes referred to as "Dervon", as mentioned in the Jerilderie Letter

kanamaluka / Tamar River

larapuna: an unbounded area centered on the Bay of Fires

The island was adjoined to the mainland of Australia until

coastal granites on mainland Australia. In the northwest

The quartzite and dolerite areas in the higher mountains

European arrival and governance

The first reported sighting of Tasmania by a European

French explorers who had been exploring the southern

Several months later a second settlement was established

From 1825 to 1828 the number of native attacks more than

Removal of Aboriginal People

Proclamation as a colony (1825) and change of name (1856)

1854. The following year the Privy Council approved the

The colony suffered from economic fluctuations, but for

The most mountainous region is the Central Highlands

Wineglass Bay seen from Mount Amos at Freycinet National Park

Autumn is from March to May, with mostly settled

Devonport 8.1 16.8 61 778[61]

Strahan 7.9 16.5 41 1,458[62]

Despite the presence of some Quaternary glaciation,

Tasmania has extremely diverse vegetation, from the

The island of Tasmania was home to the thylacine, a

Tasmania's population is more homogeneous than that of

Until 2012, Tasmania was the only state in Australia with

Major population centres include Hobart, Launceston,

Greater Hobart 226,884[13]

Devonport 30,044[70] Estimated resident population since

Ancestry and immigration

4.6% of the population, or 23,572 people, identified as Indigenous Australians (Aboriginal

Favourable economic conditions throughout Australia,

About 1.7% of the Tasmanian population are employed by

Music and performing arts

Tasmania has a varied musical scene, ranging from the

Tasmania's main air carriers are Jetstar Airways and

Within the state, the primary form of transport is by road.

The port of Hobart is the second deepest natural port in

ground for the Hobart Hurricanes in the Big Bash League.

Australian Rules Football is also popularly followed, with

Truganini, full-blooded Tasmanian Aborigine

Graeme Murphy, dancer and choreographer

Australian cricketer Ricky Ponting

Musicians and composers

Cataract Gorge, Cradle Mountain Sub-Antarctic Mount Roland

2. "LISTmap (Mount Ossa)" (http://www.thelist.tas.gov.au/listmap/listmap.jsp?llx=419200&lly

17. "Aboriginal Life Pre-Invasion" (http://www.utas.edu.au/library/companion_to_tasmanian_hi

56. Discover Tasmania. "Climate and weather" (http://www.discovertasmania.com.au/about/cli

86. "Heather Rose wins the Stella Prize" (https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/book

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tasmania&oldid=962164249"

This page was last edited on 12 June 2020, at 13:17 (UTC).

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