1. She advised them not to trust the candidates completely; they 8.

8. “Of man’s first disobedience and the fruit/of that forbidden tree”
may try to put one over you. is the opening to:

a. overcome a. Paradise Lost by John Milton 

b. Impulsive b. The Fairie Quenne by Edmund Spenser

c. to deceive you  c. The Pilgrim’s Progress by John Bunyan

d. be subordinated d. The Vision of Delight by Ben Johnson

2. This position requires a minimum age qualification of 40 years old 9. Siya ang griyegong tinaguriang Ama ng Pabula dahil sa kanyang
on the day of election. isinulat na 200 pabula.

a. Senator a. Iliad

b. Speaker of the House b. Aesop 

c. President  c. Aristotle

d. Chief Justice d. Homer

3. Who was the fourteen-year old Batanguena Jose Rizal met at the 10. Ano ang ayos ng pangungusap na ito: Naglakad si Xander.
Ateneo and fell inlove with?
a. tambalan
a. Leonor Rivera
b. di-karaniwan
b. Segunda Katigbak 
c. karaniwan 
c. Josephine Bracken
d. payak
d. Consuelo Ortiga 11. Ito ay di-magkatulad na paghahambing na ginagamitan ng mga
4. Who was known as the “Prince of Filipino Printers” katagang: lalo, di-gaano, di-gasino, di-lubha at di-totoo.

a. Jose Rizal a. palamang

b. Francisco Baltazar b. tambalan

c. Tomas Pinpin  c. payak

d. Pedro Paterno d. pasahol 

5. Diariong Tagalog was founded by _______________. 12. News travels as fast as the wind. This line is a/an
______________,
a. Jose Rizal
a. simile 
b. Juan Luna
b. idiom
c. Apolinario Mabini
c. antithesis
d. Marcelo del Pilar 
6. When we refer to a color value that is darker than the hue, we call d. metaphor
that its ______. 13. Ang linyang “Sagwan, tayo'y sumagwan, | Ang buong kaya'y
ibigay” ay mula sa awiting bayan na ang tawag ay:
a. saturation
a. Dalit
b. tint
b. Dungaw
c. intensity
c. 2Talindaw 
d. shade 
7. Textbook images are drawn by illustrators to help students learn d. Uyayi
about concepts serve what function of art? 14. Ito ay isang mahabang pasalaysay ng kagitingan ng bida na
minsan ya hango sa di-karaniwang pangyayari.
a. Personal
a. oda
b. Spiritual
b. tula
c. Educational 
c. Kantahin
d. Physical
d. epiko 
15. Ayong sa teoryang Ta-ra-ra-boom-de-ay, nagmula ang wika sa
mga tunog na may kinalaman sa _________. c. 3600

a. kalikasan d. 2880
22. What is the rea of a rhombus whose diagonals measure 10m and
b. ritwal  12m respectively.

c. romansa a. 60 square meters 

d. tore ng Babel b. 100 square meters

16. Ano ang madalas gamitin ni Rizal na sagisag sa kanyang mga
akda. c. 360 square meters

a. Huseng Sisiw d. 120 square meters

23.The Nibelungenlied is a ___________________.
b. Anak-Bayan
a. Russian folk song
c. Huseng Batute
b. Chinese Legend
d. Laong-laan 
17. Ito ay isang dulang nagsasalaysay ng buhay at kamatayan ng c. Medieval German epic 
ating Mahal na poong Hesukristo at masasabing parang pasyong
itinatanghal sa entablado. d. Latin Myth
24. If 25% of 50% of 80 is 10, then ¼ of 5/10 of 80 is ______.
a. Karagatan
a. 10 
b. Duplo
b. 15
c. Senakulo 
c. 20
d. Moro-moro
18. Ang farce ay isang uri ng dula na may layuning ____________. d. 80
26. The Creation of Adam and other works on the ceiling of the
a. magpatawa  Sistine Chapel painted by Michaelangelo were painted using
__________.
b. manakot
a. tempera
c. magpa-iyak
b. fresco 
d. magbabala
19. Allan have 88 apples on Monday. He gave Ronnel 12 apples on c. ink
Saturday. The next day, Judy gave him another 28. How many apples
does Evan have in total? d. oil
27. Which is NOT an example of local taxes in the Philippines?
a. 128
a. Amusement
b. 104 
b. Tax on Business
c. 48
c. Professional Tax
d. 130
20. Catriona collects 1,082 cans of food. She gives a certain number d. Income Tax 
of cans to the first local charity she finds. She now has 602 cans of 28. The Senate shall be composed of how many senators elected at
food. How many cans of food did she give to the first local charity? large by voters of the Philippines?

a. 1684 a. 24 

b. 682 b. 20

c. 480  c. 22

d. 430 d. 25
21. Eighty percent (80%) of the 3,600 people surveyed about having 29. He is considered as the father of modern economics?
a new GSIS card voted in favor for the new card. How many of the
a. Charles P. Kindleberger
voters did not for the new card?
b. Merton Miller
a. 80
c. Simon Kuznets
b. 720 
 d. Adam Smith  c. Parasitism
30. According to this theory, the universe was created (between 10
and 20 billion years ago) from a cosmic explosion that threw matter d. Predation 
in all directions. 37. Which is a biotic factor that might influence the growth of a
plant?
a. The Big Bang Theory 
a. Soil pH
b. Steady State Theory
b. amount of sunlight
c. General Theory of Relativity
c. parasitic insect 
d. Eternal Inflation
31. It is the science that is devoted to the study of the earth’s place d. amount of rainfall
in the universe, it’s structure and the processes that occur that 38. Which statement is true about the number of trophic levels in a
contribute to its change. food chain?

a. Chemistry a. The number is limited by energy loss at each level. 

b. Earth Science  b. The number is unlimited

c. Biology c. The number never exceeds three.

d. General Science d. The number can only be one.

32. Which of the following is a direct result of the tilt of the Earth’s 39. Which of the following four organisms is a parasite?
axis? Select one:

a. uneven periods of day and night a. King Cobra

b. the occurrences of solstice b. Makahiya plant

c. differences of the seasons between the hemispheres  c. Dog tick 

d. all of the above d. Butterfly

33. Scientists, through experimentation, believe that the earth 40. Two species of birds live on the same island and eat the same
possesses __________. type of insects. What is the name of the interaction that takes place
between these two species?
a. has a solid crust and a liquid mantle
a. Competition 
b. a liquid inner core and a solid outer core
b. Commensalism
c. a solid core and a liquid mantle
c. Mutualism
d. a liquid outer core and a solid inner core 
34. Which is an adaptation of plants for reducing water loss? d. Predation
41. Which of the following would not be included in a description of
a. Cuticle  an organism’s niche?

b. Root cap a. what it eats

c. Xylem b. The temperature of the environment in which it lives

d. Phloem c. The number of chromosomes in its cells 

35. Which is NOT synonym for ‘gathering’?
d. Its trophic level
a. Collocation 42. Which is a process by which carbon is removed from the
atmosphere?
b. Conjuration 
a. Respiration
c. Contesseration
b. Erosion
d. Colligation
36. Which form of interaction takes place when a great white shark c. Photosynthesis 
devours a tuna?
d. Combustion
a. Commensalism 43. Which is a way HIV can be transmitted?

b. Mutualism a. Infected toilet seats

 b. Sharing needles  a. Executive

c. Shaking hands b. Judiciary

d. Hugging c. Office of the President

44. How are viruses different from living organisms?
d. Legislative 
a. Viruses contain no proteins 51. What is referred to as the agency or instrumentality through the
will of the State is formulated, expressed and realized.
b. Viruses use host cell parts to reproduce 
a. Government 
c. Viruses can be killed by antibiotics
b. Sovereignty
d. Viruses have no DNA or RNA
45. Which of the following is NOT an effective viral disease c. Legislative
treatment or prevention?
d. Executive
a. Avoiding close contact with people who have colds
1. Ang ______________ ay kuwentong may aral na kung saan ay
b. Flu Vaccine mga hayop ang karaniwang bida.

c. Control of animals that carry rabies

a. talambuhay
d. Antibiotics 
46. The _______________ of the story is not to count your eggs until b. pabula 
they are hatched.
c. sanaysay
a. morale’
d. parabula
b. morality
2. All of the following correctly describes the BALLAD, except:
c. moralism

d. moral  a. a ballad use dialogue

47. The continental drift theory can be explained as ____________.
b. a ballad often rhymes
a. the movement of the large land masses on the crust 
c. a ballad is a narrative poem
b. the gradual widening of the oceans
d. a ballad often uses a learned language 
c. the gradual shrinking of continents.
3. If I ________ a Senator, I would live in Ayala village.
d. the movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates
48. The expressionist painters at the turn of the century tried to a. were 
depict a state of mind rather than to make a realistic copy of some
objects. In other words, expressionist paintings b. why
___________________.
c. which
a. resemble camera snapshots
d. should be
b. are all about people
4. People who are too _____________ are liable to be deceived by
c. are all done in oils unscrupulous individuals.

d. give the feeling rather than the appearance of things 

49. In 1565, Sikatuna, the chief of Bohol had a blood compact with a a. demanding
Spanish explorer. Who is referred to?
b. cynical
a. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
c. wary
b. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi 
d. credulous 
c. Narciso Claveria
5. A dish company needs to ship an order of 117 glass bowls. The
d. Ferdinand Magellan company will put the bowls into several boxes. Each box must
50. The power to appropriate public fund is vested in this branch of contain the same number of bowls. How many boxes could the
government. company use for the order.
a. 11 c. 4 

b. 12 d. 2.5
c. 13  12. Sabihin ang gawa ng pagsasalitang ito, “Iwasan ang imburnal,
may nagtatrabaho.”
d. 17
6. 3/4 of 100 is equal to 5 times of what number? a. pasasalamat

b. pagkukuwento
a. 10
c. babala 
b. 15 
d. pagtukoy
c. 25
13. What is considered as a fundamental economic problem of
d. 75 having seemingly unlimited human wants in a world of limited
resources.
7. Eight percent of 36 is 72% of what number?

a. self-interest
a. 2.06
b. marginal changes
b. 2.88
c. social interest
c. 4 
d. scarcity 
d. 3.24
14. Which term refers to duties payable on goods, whether
8. What is the meaning of Pi in Math? imported or exported?

a. It’s the ratio of a circle’s chord to its diameter. a. Toll

b. It’s the ratio of a circle’s secant to its diameter. b. Subsidy
c. It’s the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its radius. c. Tariff 

d. It’s the ratio of circle’s circumference to it’s diameter.  d. Revenue

9. 150 ÷ (6 + 3 x 8) – 5 =
15. Is land grabbing an act of deprivation of property without due
process?
a. 55

b. 125 a. No, if the land grabber is landless.

c. 0  b. Yes 

c. Yes, if the land grabber is rich

d. 73
10. There are 8 guavas in each box. How many guavas are in 58 d. No
boxes.
16. The following are powers of the Legislative branch of
government except one.
a. 464 

b. 366 a. repeal laws

c. 414 b. make laws

c. alter laws
d. 218
11. A test has 20 questions. If Jek gets 80% correct, how many d. implement laws 
questions did Jek missed?
17. Who rules the government in Aristrocracy?

a. 5
a. President
b. 2
b. Prime minister a. kalihim

c. King and Queen b. bukkiper

d. few privileged persons  c. ingat-yaman

18. Which of the following public elected officials is not eligible for
d. tagatuos 
any reelection of the same position?
24. GNASH : TEETH as LISTEN : ________.

a. Senate President
a. ears 
b. Speaker of the House
b. dissuade
c. Congressman
c. resolve
d. Vice-President 
d. hear
19. What is considered the earliest form of writing in the
Philippines? 25. Which of the following works by Daniel Defoe features castaway
who spends 28 years on a remote tropical island near Venezuela,
encountering Native Americans, captives, and mutineers before
a. Tagbanwa alphabet being rescued?

b. Baybayin 
a. Memoirs of a Cavalier
c. Alibata
b. Captain Singleton
d. Asoka alphabet
c. Moll Flanders
20. When we refer to a color value that is lighter that the hue, we
call that its _________.
d. Robinson Crusoe 
26. When an earthquake occurs, the actual point where an
a. saturation earthquake originates is called the ___________.

b. shade
a. fault line
c. intensity
b. fissure
d. tint 
c. focus 
21. Which of these is NOT a fundamental compositional element of
dance?
d. epicenter
27. A fountain of hot water ejected out of the ground at regular
a. Force intervals is called __________.

b. Time
a. mudspring
c. Texture 
b. geyser 
d. Space
c. vent
22. Who was the first president of the Second Republic of the
Philippines of the Japanese-sponsored republic?
d. hot spring
28. When rocks are subjected to intense heat and pressure, the
a. Emilio Aguinaldo properties of the original materials that make up that rock changes
to form new kinds of rock. This process is known as
b. Manuel L. Quezon

c. Jose P. Laurel  a. Sedimentation

d. Manuel Roxas b. Metamorphism 

23. Patapos na ang taon. Kailangan ko nang kumunsulta sa aking c. Liquefaction
______________.
d. Cementation
29. An unknown mineral was found to be lustrous, ductile and
resistant to scratching. Most probably, the mineral is b. The reaction releases energy while combining chemicals in the
_______________. candle with oxygen 

c. Combustion involves only physical changes

a. a gem stone
d. Combustion involves only chemical changes
b. non-metallic
35.. What happens when a substance changes state?
c. siliceous
a. The overall energy of the substance decreases as molecules from
d. metallic  solid to liquid to gas
30. Which of the following best describes the term theory as used by
scientists? b. Energy within the substance is gained or lost, but the composition
is unchanged 

a. A hypothesis that has not yet been tested c. As the substance gains energy, its molecules form stronger bonds

b. A set of related hypotheses that has been repeatedly tested and d. Chemical bonds rearrange to either allow freer movement or to
confirmed.  restrict movement of the particles
c. A set of related hypotheses that will never change 36. Which of the following is a difference between a chemical
change and a physical change?
d. A mathematical law that is true most of the time

31. What happens to a cell when particles move out of the cell a. The chemical composition of materials is different after a
through facilitated diffusion? chemical change but the same after a physical change. 

b. The masses of the products in a chemical change can exceed the

a. The cell produces energy masses of the reactants. In physical changes the masses are identical
before and after the change.
b. No energy change takes place 
c. Physical changes are more common than chemical changes.
c. The cell uses energy
d. Chemical changes create new matter while physical changes work
d. The cell gains energy only on existing matter.
32. Which statement describes the interaction between two 37. What does the law of conservation of mass dictate about matter
different body systems? in a burning candle?

a. Muscles move when nerve impulse is received from motor
nerves 
b. Macrophages attack and kill invading pathogens
c. Air is filtered and warmed in the nose
a. The lost wax converts to an equal amount of energy
b. Atoms lost in the combustion equal mass lost in the combustion.
c. The amount of gases and smoke resulting from the combustion
equals the energy and mass that produced it.

d. Cells produced in the inner layer of the epidermis move upward
toward the outer layer of the skin
33. Ano ang ayos ng pangungusap na ito: “Ikaw ang aking mahal.”
d. The oxygen and the wax that produced the combustion have the
same mass as the gases and smoke particles resulting from the
combustion 
38. The energy one can harness from underground hot springs
through power plants is known as ___________.

a. di-karaniwan 
a. Wind energy
b. karaniwan
b. Tidal power
c. payak
c. Geothermal energy 
d. tambalan
d. OTEC
34. Which of the following is true about the combustion reaction
that occurs in a burning candle? 39. All of the statements below about water are true EXCEPT
_____________.
a. The reaction transform candle wax
a. it can exist in three phases
b. it can rise faster in thick tubes than in thin tubes  c. Animals

c. it expands when frozen d. Plants 

46. He drank his tea in oceans.
d. it exhibits surface tension
40. Jasper travels a lot and claimed to have sailed on all oceans,
which of the following should he NOT include? a. hyperbole 

b. irony
a. Indian
c. metonymy
b. Artic
d. personification
c. Pacific
47. Which of the sentences contain a word that is not properly
spelled and used in these sentences?
d. Baltic 
41. How does the term “inertia” apply to Newton’s first law of
motion? a. There were commissions of the fare.

b. There were confusions on admission. 

a. It refers to an object’s tendency to stay in one place
c. There was confusion in the plane.
b. It refers to an object’s tendency to remain in motion.
d. There was confusion on directions.
c. It means resistance to change in the state of motion.
48. What canon of religious literature was finally, firmly fixed at the
d. All of the above  end of the 4th century AD?

42. Which of the following is not an example of multicellular?

a. The New Testament 

a. animals b. The Hebrew Bible

b. plants c. The Mishnah

c. mushrooms d. The Koran

49. Both Joyce and _______ plan to go.
d. bacteria 
43. What controls the center of the cell and contains chromosomes
responsible for the transfer of genetic characteristics? a. I 

b. myself
a. Chloroplast
c. me myself
b. Nucleus 
d. me
c. Cytoplasm

d. Plasma membrane 1. Ang _____________________ ay tungkol sa mga nararapat na

44. Siya ang sumulat ng titik ng “Lupang Hinirang.” kilos at pag-uugali ng mga kakabaihan.

a. Francisco Baltazar a. Florante at Laura

b. Julian Felipe b. Monika

c. Josefa Llanes Escoda c. Ibong Adarna

d. Jose Palma  d. Urbana at Feliza 

45. Where do plastids usually found? 2. ‘My love is like a red, red rose.” What figure of speech is used.

a. Bacteria a. synecdoche

b. Atom b. simile 
c. metaphor c. Metaphor

d. metonymy d. Metonymy

3. ___________ not making the most of ______________ 9. In Macbeth, we see a man whose downfall was caused by
opportunities.

a. a naturally blood-thirsty disposition

a. You’re – your 
b. supernatural intervention
b. You – your
c. overwhelming ambition of power 
c. You’re – you’re
d. unfair plot against his life
d. You’re – you
10. Which of the following line is a simile?
4. He has been very feeble since his illness. The underlined word
means ___________.
a. “Life has loneliness to see”

a. thin b. Eyes that love you, arms that hold”

b. foolish c. “Buy it and never count the cost”

c. unwell
d. “Holding wonder like a cup” 
d. weak  11. How long is the term of office of a senator?

5. Using contextual clues, complete the following statement. Most

flowers ________ in Spring. a. 12 years

b. 6 years 
a. die
c. 3 years
b. weaken
d. 2 years
c. bloom 
12. Ang ____________ ay isang anyo ng tula na may sukat na bilang
ng pantig ngunit walang tugma.
d. wither
6. Which word does NOT mean the same as the other three?
a. blanking berso 

a. Equip b. elehiya

b. Supply c. berso

c. Defend  d. soneto

13. From what period does the State protect the life of a child.
d. Furnish
7. Who was referred to as the “face that could launch a thousand
ships”? a. from the day he/she was given name

b. at the fetus stage

a. Cleopatra of the Nile
c. from the day he/she was born
b. Queen Cersei
d. from conception 
c. Helen of Troy 
14. Whom did the Spaniards call ‘pintados’ because most of their
bodies were covered in elaborate tattoos?
d. Helen Keller
8. What figure of speech is employed in this line from Like the
Molave: “O souls and spirits of the martyred brave, arise!”?
a. Ilocanos

a. Apostrophe  b. Tagalogs

b. Onomatopoeia c. Bicolanos
d. Visayans  d. Republic Act 10966
15. What do you call the result when both white and black are 21. The principle of ‘checks and balances’ ensure the ___________
added to a hue? among the three branches of government.

a. Tint a. decentralization

b. Shade b. balance of powers 

c. Complexion c. separation of powers

d. Tone  d. centralization
16. What literary work of Rizal contribute to the development of his 22. Which actions to a lower court decision is vested in the Supreme
countrymen by awakening them to the oppressive rule of Spain. court? I. review II. revise III. reverse IV. affirm

a. Mi Ultimo Adios a. I only

b. A La Juventud Filipina b. I, II, III, and IV 

c. La Liga Filipina c. I, II and III

d. Noli Me Tangere  d. I and II

17. It refers to any human activity which is performed in exchange 23. Kasinggaling ni Jose ang nanalo sa paligsahan.
for money or money’s worth.
a. Panukdulan
a. Incentives
b. Katamtaman
b. Market economy
c. Magkatulad 
c. Economic activity 
d. Di-magkatulad
d. Job 24. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo is generally acknowledged as the
18. The three inherent powers of the state are the following except Philippines’ first ___________.
one:
a. president 
a. Power to Impeach 
b. hero
b. Power of Eminent Domain
c. governor general
c. Power of Taxation
d. martyr
d. Police Power 25._______________ is a group of organisms that share a genetic
19. Which of the following is NOT covered by tax? heritage, are able to interbreed, and to create offspring that are also
fertile.

a. Prized and winnings

b. Charitable institutions  a. Animal Kingdom

c. Royalties b. Species 

c. Plants
d. Donation
20. The Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) Law is the
d. Mammal
implementation of ___________________.
26.It refers to the union of male and female gametes.

a. Republic Act 10066

a. Sexual reproduction 
b. Republic Act 10963 
b. Evolution
c. Republic Act 10693
c. Transduction b. Energy 

d. Cell division c. Mass

27.What do you call the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm

d. Heat
cells.
33. The energy levels of an atom are occupied by _____________.

a. Meiosis
a. Neutrons
b. Haploid 
b. Cell
c. Diploid
c. Electrons 
d. Cell
d. Protons
28. In human reproduction, how many pairs of chromosomes does
human cell contains? 34. If a watch is losing 1.5 minutes for every 12 hours that go by,
how many minutes will it lose in one week?

a. 45
a. 24
b. 23 
b. 20
c. 22
c. 21 
d. 46
d. 20
29. 16. The characteristic/gene that causes maleness is located on
the ___________. 35. Electrical charges moving through a wire is called
______________.

a. An autosome
a. Electricity 
b. X chromosome
b. Conduction
c. Ribosome
c. Lightning
d. Y chromosome 
d. Amperes
30. Which has the most impact on the amount of kinetic energy an
object contains? 36. In which situation will lose or acquire heat by radiation?

a. Swimming in cold waters

a. Amount of potential energy the object has
b. Sun bathing 
b. Speed of the object 
c. Hiding in a tree shade
c. Mass of the object
d. Lying on hot rock
d. Temperature of the object 37. Energy is transmitted in an ecosystem by means of the
31. It is the tissue that transports food in vascular plants? _____________.

a. roots a. reproduction

b. phloem  b. food web

c. xylem c. life cycle

d. stomata d. food chain 

32. It is the ability, capacity or capability of a physical system to do 38. Which of the following is an example of heterotrophs?
work.
a. protozoa 
a. Effort
b. cyanobacteria
c. green algae b. Calcite

d. ball moss c. Corundum

39. This refers to all parts of the planet that are inhabited by living
d. Talc 
things.
45. 4/7 of a number is 84. Find the number.

a. Population
a. 126
b. Biosphere 
b. 147 
c. Biome
c. 129
d. Niche
d. 100
40. Marco ran across the room and bumped into his workmate,
pushing him to the floor. The statement describes the 46. He is considered to the the Father of Modern Taxonomy:
_____________.
a. Becquerel
a. Law of conservation
b. Linnaeus 
b. Law of gravity
c. Mendel
c. Law of attraction
d. Curie
d. Law of acceleration  47. Joey is planning to take a leisurely stroll around their rectangular
41. Precipitation may NOT come in the form of ___________. patio, which measures 27.7m long and 21.5 m wide. How long does
Max have to walk?

a. hail
a. 49.2 m
b. smog 
b. 120.4 m
c. rain
c. 70.7 m
d. sleet
d. 98.4 m 
42. Lemuel was hired to drop dry ice crystals on clouds with high
humidity. This process is known as ____________. 48. Five bananas weigh as much as 3 star apples. In this rate, how
many star apples will weigh as much as 5 bananas.

a. cloud farming
a. 36
b. cloud seeding 
b. 27 
c. weathering
c. 33
d. precipitation
d. 30
43. Sonny said he saw stalactites in Sumaguing Cave. Stalactites may
be found __________. 49. Lisa bought a big bag of candy at a warehouse store. There are
102 pieces of candy in the bag. Lisa needs to divide the candy up
into smaller bags. She wants to put the same number of pieces in
a. around the mouth of the cave each small bag. How many small bags could Lacey use?Select one:

b. formed on the ceiling of the cave 

a. 17 
c. formed on the floor of the cave
b. 18
d. outside the cave
c. 19
44.Of the minerals given below, the one with the lowest Moh’s scale
rating is _______________.
d. 20
50. What are the prime factors of 153?
a. Diamond
a. 3 x 3 x 17 

b. 17 x 3 x 7

c. 153 x 1

d. 3 x 3 x 7 x 9