PERIO - Chapter 2: Anatomy of the Periodontium

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1. Gingiva Principal components of the periodontium 18. GIngival sulcus It is V shaped and barely permits the
Periodontal entrance of a periodontal
ligament probe
Cementum
19. Attached gingival This is continuous with the marginal
Alveolar
gingiva
bone
20. Mucogingival Demarcation between attached
2. Masticatory Three zones of the oral mucosa
junction gingiva and alveolar mucosa
musocsa
Specialized 21. Maxilla - 3.5 to 4.5 Width of the attached gingiva in the
mucosa Mandible - 3.3 - 3.9 upper and lower incisors
Gingiva 22. Attached gingiva It is firm, resilient, and tightly bound
3. Masticatory Covering of the hard palate to the underlying periosteum of
mucosa alveolar bone.

4. Specialized Covers the dorsum of the tongue 23. Attached gingiva It is the distance between the
mucosa mucogingival junction and the
projection on the external surface of
5. Gingiva Part of the oral mucosa that covers the alveolar
the bottom of the gingival
processes of the jaws and surrounds the neck
sulcus or the periodontal pocket.
of the teeth
24. Maxilla - 1.9 Width of attached gingiva in the
6. Maginal Anatomical division of the gingiva
Mandible - 1.8 posterior segments
Attached
Interdental 25. Gingival embrassure Interproximal space beneath the area
of the tooth contact
7. Marginal Terminal edge or border of the
gingiva gingivasurrounding the tooth in a collarlike 26. first premolar area Attached gingiva is less in the
fashion posterior segments, with the least
width in the _________
8. Unattached Other name for marginal gingiva
gingiva 27. Age The width of the attached gingiva
increases with _____ and ______
9. Marginal it forms the soft tissue
Supraerupted teeth
gingiva wall of the gingival sulcus.
28. Pyramidal Possible shapes of the interdental
10. Marginal May be separated from the tooth surface with a
"col" shaped embrassure
gingiva periodontal probe
29. Interdental gingiva occupies the gingival embrasure
11. Free Shallow linear depression that serves as
gingival demarcation between marginal gingiva and 30. Stratified squamous Gingiva is composed of overlying
groove adjacent attached gingiva epithelium ________________ and underlying
Cental core of _____________________
12. 1 mm Width of the marginal groove
fibrous connective
13. Gingival Most apical point of the marginal gingival tissue
zenith scallop
31. Keratinocyte Principal cell type of gingival
14. 0.06 and The apicoronal and mesiodistal dimensions of epithelium
0.96 the gingival zenith is varied between _____ and
32. Oral outer Three different areas of gingival
_____
epithelium epithelium
15. Gingival Shallow crevice or sulcus around the tooth Sulcular epithelium
sulcus bounded by the surface of the tooth on one Junctional
side and epithelial lining of the free margin of epithelium
the gingiva on the other side
33. Stratum corneum Layers of oral epithelium
16. 0 mm or Ideal depth of the gingival sulcus
close to 0 Stratum granulosum
mm
Statum spinosu
17. 2-3 mm Probing depth of a clinically normal gingival
sulcus in humans
Stratum basa;e
34. Cornified layer Stratum corneum 50. Parakeratinized In this kind of epithelium, the stratum
epithelia corneum retains pyknotic nuclei and
35. Granular layer Stratum granulosum
keratohyalin granules are dispersed, not
36. Prickle cell layer Stratum spinosum giving rise to a stratum granulosum
37. Basal layer Stratum basale 51. Nonkeratinized In this kind of epithelium, there's no
38. Stratum corneum Layer of oral epithelium that consists of epithelium granulosum or corneum strata and cells
very flat cells that have lost their nuclei have visible nuclei
and cytoplasmic 52. 90% Keratinocytes constitute about _____ or
organelles; more of gingival epithelium
39. Stratum corneum Layer of oral epithelium that is 53. Desmosomes Connect keratinocytes
keratinized or parakeratinized
54. by proliferation How is the main function of the gingival
40. Stratum Layer of oral epithelium where cells are and epithelium achieved?
granulosum flatter characterized and contain many differentiation of
particles of the
keratohyalin keratinocyte
41. Stratum spinosum Layer of oral epithelium that is the 55. Tonofilaments Morphologic expressions of cytoskeleton
major epithelial layer, of keratin proteins that radiate in brushlike
42. Stratum spinosum Layer of oral epithelium that is fashion from the attachment plaques into
composed of large polygonaal cells the cytoplasm of cells
with well developed desmosomes 56. Proliferation Takes place by mitosis in the basal layer
43. Stratum basale Layer of oral epithelium that consists of and less frequently in the suprabasal
relatively small columnar or cuboidal layers
cells in contact with 57. Melanocytes Dendritic cells located in the basal and
basal lamina, and in turn attached to spinous layers of the gingival epithelium
connective tissue surface
58. Premelanosomes Organelles where melanocytes
44. Clear cells or Other cells found in the epithelium or melanosomes synthesize melanin
nonkeratinocytes
59. Langerhans cells Dendritic cells located among
45. Langerhans cells What are the clear cells or keratinocytes at all suprabasal levels
Merkel cells nonkeratinocytes
60. Langerhans cells Contain elongated granules and are
Melanocytes
considered macrophages with possible
46. to protect deep Main function of gingival epithelium antigenic properties
structures while
61. Langerhans cells Have an important role in the immune
alowing a seletive
reaction as antigen-presenting cells for
interchange 'with
lymphocytes
oral environment
62. Langerhans cells They contain g-specific granules and
47. Differentiation Involves the process of keratinization
have marked adenosine triposphates
which consists of progressions of
activities
biochemical and morphologic events
that occur in the cell as they migrate 63. Oral epithelium Where can you find langerhans cells
from the basal layer of normal
gingiva
48. Orthokeratinized A complete keratinization process leads
to the production of an _________ 64. Merkel cells Located in the deeper layers of the
superficial horny layer similar to the epithelium, harbor nerve endings, and are
skin with no nucles in the stratum connected to adjacent cells by
corneum and well defines stratum desmosomes
granulosum
65. Merkel cells Identified as tactile perceptors
49. Parakeratinized or Intermediate stage of keratininzation
66. Glycoprotein Lamina lucida is composed of ________
non keratinized
laminin
67. Type IV Lamina densa is composed of ________
collagen
68. Oral epithelium Epithelial component of the gingiva that 83. gingival fibers The attachment of the JE to the
Sulcular epithelium is protective in function tooth is reinforced by the __________,
which brace the marginal gingiva
69. Birbeck's granules G-specific granules found in langerhans
against the tooth surface
cells
84. Reduced enamel How does the gingival sulcus
70. Junctional Epithelial component of the gingiva that
epithelium develop?
epithelium regulates tissue health
71. 1. Firmly attached Features of the junctional epithelium REE + oral epithelium
and acts as a that contributes to preventing = Junctional
barrier pathogenic bacterial flora from epithelium
colonizing the subgingival tooth
85. Sulcus consists of the shallow space that is
2. allows access of surface
coronal to
gingival fluid
the attachment of the junctional
epithelium and bounded
3. Exhibit rapid
by the tooth on one side and the
turnover
sulcular epitheliumon the
other
4. has endocytic
capacity 86. Gingival margin What is the coronal extent of the
gingival sulcus
72. Keratinization What are the three types of surface
differentiation that can occur in gingival 87. Gingival sulcus contains a fluid that seeps into it
Parakeratinization tissue? from the gingival connective tissue
through the thin sulcular
Nonkeratinization epithelium
73. Oral or outer covers the crest 88. 1) cleanse material Function of gingival fluid
epithelium of the outer surface of the marginal from the sulcus.
gingiva and 2) contain plasma
the surface of the attached gingiva proteins that may
improve adhesion
74. Lamina lucida The basal lamina consists of?
of the epitheliumto
Lamina densa
the tooth.
75. Hemidesmmosome These abut the lamina lucida 3) possess
76. Oral or outer What are the epithelial components of antimicrobial
epithelium the gingiva properties.
4) exert antibody
Sulcular epithelium activity to defend the
gingiva
Junctional
epithelium
77. Sulcular epithelium Epithelium that lines the gingival sulcus
78. Basal lamina Permeable to fluids but acts as a
barrier
to particulate matter.
79. Sulcular epithelium Nonkeratinized and usually shows
numerous cells with
hydropic degeneration
80. Sulcular epithelium Has the potential to keratinize
81. Junctional consists of a collar-like band of
epithelium stratified squamous
nonkeratinizing epithelium
82. 0.25 - 1.35 mm Range of thickness of junctional
epithelium