DIELECTRIC RESONATOR

OSCILLATORS

Presented by
Meera K
EC19M1003
WHY DIELECTRIC RESONATOR
OSCILLATORS??
• Oscillator stability is depend on Q factor of the resonant network
• To enhance the stability Q should be high

DISADVANTAGES OF OTHER OSCILLATORS:

→ Q is limited to few hundreds for Resonant network using lumped elements or microstrip
lines and stubs.
→ Waveguide resonators have high Q(10^4) but not suited for MIC
→ Metallic resonators are having frequency drift caused by dimensional expansion due to
temperature variations.

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WHY DIELECTRIC RESONATOR
OSCILLATORS??

• Dielectric oscillators have unloaded Q up to several thousands.

• It can be easily integrated with planar circuitry.
• It can be made using ceramic materials so that can withstand in high
temperature.
• It is commonly used in entire microwave and lower range of millimetre
frequencies.

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INTRODUCTION

• A dielectric resonator is usually coupled to an oscillator circuit by positioning it

in close proximity to a microstrip line.
• The resonator operates in the TE01 mode, and couples to the fringing magnetic
field of the microstrip line.
• The strength of coupling is determined by the spacing, d, between the
resonator and microstrip line.
• Because coupling is via the magnetic field, the resonator appears as a series
load on the microstrip line, as shown in the equivalent circuit
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GEOMETRY OF A DIELECTRIC EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT.
RESONATOR COUPLED TO A
MICROSTRIP LINE

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• The resonator is modeled as a parallel RLC circuit, and the coupling to the
feedline is modeled by the turns ratio, N, of the transformer.
• the equivalent series impedance, Z, seen by the microstrip line as

• where Q0 = R/ω0L is the unloaded resonator Q, ω0 = 1/√LC is the resonant

frequency, and
• The coupling factor, between the resonator and the feedline is the ratio of
the unloaded to external Q, and can be found as

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• where RL = 2Z0 is the load resistance for a feedline with source and
termination resistances Z0.
• In some cases the feedline is terminated with an open-circuit λ/4 from the
resonator to maximize the magnetic field at that point; in this case RL = Z0,
and the coupling factor is twice.
• The reflection coefficient seen on the terminated microstrip line looking toward
the resonator can be written as

• Measure reflection coefficient at resonance to find coupling coefficient using

following formula
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 DRO WITH FEEDBACK CIRCUITS
A dielectric resonator can be incorporated into the circuit to provide frequency
stability using either the parallel feedback or the series feedback.
DRO using parallel feedback: DRO using series feedback:

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• The parallel configuration uses a resonator coupled to two
microstrip lines, functioning as a high-Q bandpass filter that
couples a portion of the transistor output back to its input.

• The amount of coupling is controlled by the spacing between the

resonator and the lines, and the phase is controlled by the length
of the lines.

• The series feedback configuration is simpler, using only a single

microstrip feedline, but typically does not have a tuning range as
wide as that obtained with parallel feedback. 10
THANK YOU

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