Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Disclaimer
• Speaker
for
AbbVie,
Janssen,
Takeda
• EducaKonal
grants
Janssen,
Takeda
• There
will
be
off-‐label
and/or
invesKgaKonal
discussion
of
use
of
drugs
1
9/6/16
Objec4ves
• Update
on
the
Treatment
of
Crohn’s
disease
(CD)
• Goals
of
therapies
• Available
therapies
• Mesalamine
• Immunomodulators
• Biologics
• TherapeuKc
drug
monitoring
(TDM)
• Barriers
to
care
in
Crohn’s
disease
• Physician
related
factors
• PaKent
related
factors
• Emerging
therapies
in
Crohn’s
disease
2
9/6/16
CD: Defini4on
• Chronic
lifelong
disease
• Transmural
inflammaKon
• Affect
any
site
of
the
GI
tract
• Periods
of
clinical
remission
and
relapses
3
9/6/16
4
9/6/16
CD: Epidemiology
• 1.4M
people
in
the
US
have
IBD
(CCFA)
• 700,000
have
Crohn’s
disease
• Incidence
and
prevalence
increasing
with
Kme
and
in
different
regions
around
the
world
5
9/6/16
6
9/6/16
5-ASA,
Mild
Budesonide
Lichtentein GR et al; Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104 (2): 465-‐483
• Sulfasalazine:
• Modest
efficacy
vs
placebo
• Inferior
to
corKcosteroids
7
9/6/16
Steroids :
• Induce
remission
• Not
a
maintenance
treatment
• PotenKal
side
effects
• Choice
of
steroids
depends
on
disease
locaKon
and
severity
• Controlled-‐release
oral
Budesonide
9mg:
• Mild
to
moderate
CD
of
distal
ileum/right
colon
• Oral
Prednisone
or
IV
steroids
• Moderate
to
severe
disease
• Induce
remission
• Exit
strategy
Azathioprine/6-‐Mercaptopurine (AZA/6MP)
6-TG
DNA
6-TU nucleotides RNA
XO
HPRT
AZA 6-MP 6-TImP
TPMT TPMT
8
9/6/16
80%
60% 41%
40%
20%
0
n=44 n=42 n=43 n=44
0-173 174-235 236-367 368-1203
6-TG QUARTILES
(pmol/8x108 RBC)
Dubinsky
et
al
Gastroenterology
2000;
118:705
NNT = 3
9
9/6/16
NNT = 6
AZA/6MP
• Induce
and
Maintain
remission
• Steroid
sparing
strategy
• AZA
2-‐2.5mg/kg/day
,
6MP
1-‐1.5mg/kg/day
• Check
TPMT
acKvity
prior
to
iniKaKng
treatment
• Adjust
dose
if
intermediate
acKvity
• Avoid
AZA/6MP
if
low
acKvity
• Drug
level
monitoring
• Target
therapeuKc
level
of
6TG
• OpKmize
therapeuKc
response
to
AZA/6MP
10
9/6/16
Azathioprine
Methotrexate
Remission
(%
paKents)
70%
63%
60%
56%
50%
44%
40%
33%
30%
20%
10%
0%
3
months
6
months
Danese S et al. Nature Rev Gastroenterol Heaptol 2015; 12: 537
11
9/6/16
50 48
Placebo
AnK-‐TNF
%
of
paKents
40
36
30 27 P< 0.05
20
12
10
7
4
0
12
9/6/16
25 22.8 23.2
P<
0.05
20
18.3
15
12.3
9.9
10
5
0
SONIC: Clinical Remission without Steroids at Week 26 in CD
IMM and Biologic Naïve
AZA
+
placebo
Primary
endpoint
IFX
+
placebo
100
IFX
+
AZA
p<0.001
80
ProporKon
of
paKents
(%)
p=0.009 p=0.022
60
57
44
40
31
20
13
9/6/16
80
ProporKon
of
paKents
(%)
p<0.001
p=0.023
p=0.055
60
44
40
30
20 17
14
9/6/16
25
20.8
20.7
20
17.4
15
11.7
9.2
10
4.2
5
0
40
29.3
30.7
30
28
20.5
20
12.8
10
0
Clinical
Remission
Clinical
Response
CDAI-‐100
Clinical
Remission
Clinical
Response
CDAI-‐100
15
9/6/16
16
9/6/16
85
• Study
design:
prospecKve,
cohort
study
CD
paKents
60
Baert F, et al. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:601 >12 mcg/ml < 12mcg/ml
IFX Trough Weeks 14 and 22 Predict Sustained Response in CD
• RetrospecKve
adult
cohort
• 84
paKents
• IFX
trough
level
measured
at
14
or
22
wks
(at
start
of
maintenance
regime)
• Sustained
clinical
response
• IFX
Trough
level
>
3
mcg/ml
• Increase
in
ATI
• IFX
Trough
level
<
3
mcg/ml
17
9/6/16
Trough ADA levels are higher in CD pa4ents with mucosal healing
P < 0.005
6.5 μg/mL
4.2 μg/mL
18
9/6/16
TDM: Vedolizumab trough concentra4ons are associated with drug efficacy in CD
• Increases
clearance
Low
albumin
• Worse
clinical
outcomes
High
baseline
CRP
• Increases
clearance
Body
size
• High
BMI
may
increase
clearance
Gender
• Males
have
higher
clearance
Ordas
I
et
al.
Clin
Pharmacol
Ther.
2012;91:635.
19
9/6/16
20
9/6/16
21
9/6/16
22
9/6/16
• Flu and pneumococcal vaccinaKons for paKents on IS and/or Biologic
23
9/6/16
24
9/6/16
25
9/6/16
26
9/6/16
Emergent Therapies
Emergent Therapies
• 1/3
of
CD
are
primary
non-‐responder
to
anK-‐TNF
• Unlikely
to
benefit
from
another
anK-‐TNF
27
9/6/16
Emerging Therapies
• Ustekinumab
• TofaciKnib
• Mongersen
28
9/6/16
60
50
42.5
41.7
P<0.05
%
of
paKents
40
30 27.4
20
10
0
29
9/6/16
Tofaci4nib: 60 58
50 47 46
40
(OCTAVE
trial,
Sandborn
2016)
36
P>
0.05
31
30
24
21
20
14
30
9/6/16
•
In
IBD:
The
inhibitor
Smad7
interacts
with
TGFβ
receptor
à
prevents
Smad2/3
phosphorylaKon
àprevenKng
TGFβ
mediated
suppression
of
Zorzi
F
et
al.
DigesKve
and
Liver
Disease,
Volume
45,
2013:
552
inflammatory
genes.
60
55
%
of
paKents
50
45
P<0.05
for
Mongersen
40mg
and
160mg
40
30
26
22
20
12
10
10
0
31
9/6/16
Summary
• Goals
of
CD
treatment
• Clinical
AND
endoscopic
remission
• Prevent
progression
of
disease
and
complicaKons
•
Available
therapies
are
effecKve
in
inducing
and
maintaining
remission
in
CD
• TherapeuKc
drug
monitoring
opKmize
treatment
response
• Benefit
of
treatment
outweigh
the
risk
of
disease
progression
• Prevent
and
monitor
for
side
effects
• New
therapies
target
different
site
of
CD
pathogenesis
• Offer
new
treatment
opKons
to
anK-‐TNF
primary
or
secondary
non-‐responders
32