Professional Documents
Culture Documents
13. I’ve run the whole ________ of emotions from joy to sorrow during the course.
A. gamut B. spectrum C. line D. flicker
a whole gamut of new experiences/ emotions: the complete range of possibilities
spectrum of: a complete range of opinions, people, situations etc, going from one extreme to its opposite
a flicker of emotion/uncertainty/excitement etc a feeling or expression that continues for a very short
time
14. Peace process talks ________ after the two leaders picked a fight with each other.
A. collapsed B. allayed C. failed D. terminated
collapse: if a system, idea, or organization collapses, it suddenly fails or becomes too weak to continue:
allay (sb’s) fear/concern/suspicion etc to make someone feel less afraid, worried etc
terminate: end
15. I would move heaven and ________ to get the tickets for that concert.
A. hell B. earth C. ground D. sky
move heaven and earth to try very hard to achieve something
16. When Jones stood up and started singing in the restaurant, it made my ________ curl.
A. toes B. hair C. fingers D. lips
make sb’s toes curl to make someone feel very embarrassed or uncomfortable
17. The countries in that region made an absolute ________ out of oil.
A. bang B. pile C. go D. cash
make a/your pile to make a lot of money
18. Laura has been carrying a ________ for Adam but he didn’t notice that.
A. crush B. tree C. torch D. heart
carry a torch for somebody to love someone romantically who does not love you
19. Young people have a tendency to be enthralled by the seemingly ________ march of new technology.
A. indisputable B. inexorable C. inadmissible D. inadvertent
indisputable: an indisputable fact must be accepted because it is definitely true
inexorable: an inexorable process cannot be stopped
inadmissible: inadmissible information is not allowed to be used in a court of law
inadvertent: without realizing what you are doing
20. His hasty, ________ action resulted in his being failed the final test last year.
A. preposterous B. spasmodic C. precipitous D. despicable
precipitous happening or done too quickly, and not thought about carefully
22. _______________ that she opened the mystical box sent from Zeus.
A. So curiosity was she C. Her curiosity was such
B. Such her curiosity was D. So curious she was
23. _______________ you pull your weight, you will pass the exam with flying colors.
A. As well as B. As far as C. As soon as D. As long as
with flying colours if you pass a test with flying colours, you are very successful in it
all the same: in spite of something that you have just mentioned
every bit as good/important etc used to emphasize that something is equally as good, important etc as
something else
29. Michael Bay should know ____________ than just include explosion scenes in his films.
Fanpage: https://facebook.com/iloveambrosia Page 4/18
Email: ambrosiaontop@gmail.com
Shoot for the moon. Even if you miss, you'll land among the stars. AMBROSIA HSG
Read the texts below and decided which answer best fits each space.
Passage A
“To put this into (44) ______, a little over 100 years ago a couple of guys from Ohio flew for 120ft
in the first controlled powered flight. Today we did something similar in the same amount of time.
“Lawrence Huebner, NASA’s lead propulsion engineer, said, “but our vehicle under air-breathing power
went over 15 miles. “The significance of the (45) ________ is underlined by the margin between the X-43A
and the world’s (46) _______ fastest jet, Lockheed’s Blackbird. That two man (47) ______ aircraft, painted
black to avoid radar detection served the United States for 25 years until the Cold War (48) _______ in
1990. Its fastest speed was 2,193 mph. The X-43A is unmanned but NASA predicted that (49) ______
flight would inspire business, industry and the military to invest in its “hypersonic” revolutionary propulsion
system.
A scramjet would boost an aircraft which had already reached supersonic speeds. The US military is
considering using the technology to create a warplane that could bomb targets anywhere on the globe in a
(50) ______ of hours.
The US has refused to sign up to a G7 pledge that calls the Paris climate accord the “irreversible”
global tool to address climate change. The G7 environment ministers issued a final repor tafter their two-
day meeting in Bologna, the first since the US announced it was withdrawing from the Paris climate
agreement. In a (51) ___________ to the G7 report, the US said on Monday it would not join with the
other six countries in reaffirming their Paris (52) ___________, but said it was taking action on its own to
reduce its carbon footprint.
As a result, the US said it would not join those sections of the report on climate and multilateral
development (53) _______________. The head of the US Environmental Protection Agency, Scott Pruitt,
attended the first few hours of the (54) _________ on Sunday, but left to attend a(n) (55) ____________.
meeting in Washington.
Presenting the report, Italy’s environment minister, Gian Luca Galletti, called the Paris accord “irreversible,
non-negotiable and the only instrument possible to (56) __________ climate change”. He said the other
G7 countries hoped to continue constructive (57) _____________ with the US but insisted on the Paris
(58) _____________. “Everything else for us is excluded,” he said.
The 2015 Paris agreement aims to prevent the Earth from heating up by 2C since the start of the industrial
(59) ____________ As the world has already warmed about 1.1C since the industrial revolution, the
accord aims to ensure the (60) __________ is not breached with each nation curbing heat-trapping
emissions.
foothold a position from which you can start to make progress and achieve your aims
footnote to sth a piece of additional information that is not very important but is interesting or helps you
understand something
allegation a statement that someone has done something wrong or illegal, but that has not been proved
summit an important meeting or set of meetings between the leaders of several governments
cabinet the politicians with important positions in a government who meet to make decisions or advise
the leader of the government
parameter set of fixed limits that control the way that something should be done
the frontiers of knowledge/physics etc the limits of what is known about something
weave firm square balls from palm leaves, to make pinwheels of palm leaves or frangipani blossoms, to climb
a coconut tree by walking up the trunk on flexible little feet, to break open a coconut with one firm well-
directed blow of a knife as long as she is tall, to play a number of group games and sing the songs which go
with them, to tidy the house by picking up the litter on the stony floor, to bring water from the
sea, to spread out the copra to dry and to help gather it in when rain threatens, to go to a neighboring house
and bring back a lighted faggot for the chief's pipe or the cook-house fire.
But in the case of the little girls all these tasks are merely supplementary to the main business of baby-
tending. Very small boys also have some care of the younger children, but at eight or nine years of age they
are usually relieved of it. Whatever rough edges have not been smoothed off by this responsibility for younger
children are worn off by their contact with older boys.
For little boys are admitted to interesting and important activities only so long as their behavior is
circumspect and helpful. Where small girls are brusquely pushed aside, small boys will be patiently tolerated
and they become adept at making themselves useful. The four or five little boys who all wish to assist at
the important, business of helping a grown youth lasso reef eels, organize themselves into a highly efficient
working team; one boy holds the bait, another holds an extra lasso, others poke eagerly about in holes in the
reef looking for prey, while still another tucks the captured eels into his lava.
The small girls,burdened with heavy babies or the care of little staggerers who are too small to
adventure on the reef, discouraged by the hostility of the small boys and the scorn of the older ones,
have little opportunity for learning the more adventurous forms of work and play. So while the little boys
first undergo the chastening effects of baby-tending and then have many opportunities to learn effective
cooperation under the supervision of older boys, the girls' education is less comprehensive. They have a high
standard of individual responsibility, but the community provides them with no lessons in cooperation
with one another. This is particularly apparent in the activities of youngpeople: the boys organize quickly;
the girls waste hours in bickering, innocent of any technique for quick and efficient cooperation.
(Adapted from: Coming of Age in Samoa, Margaret Mead (1928))
61. The primary purpose of the passage with reference to the society under discussion is to
64. It can be inferred that the 'high standard of individual responsibility' (line 38) is
A. developed mainly through child-care duties C. taught to the girl before she is entrusted with babies
65. The expression 'innocent of' (line 42) is best taken to mean
B. unskilled in D. uninvolved in
66. It can be inferred that in the community under discussion all of the following are important except
67. Which of the following if true would weaken the author's contention about 'lessons in cooperation' (line
39) ?
III Individual girls cooperate with their mothers in looking after babies
68. Which of the following is the best description of the author's technique in handling her material?
Vocabulary
nonchalant jabber
Passage B
It's Super Bowl live in 2020. Record-setting numbers of viewers are tuned in to watch the game by
using handheld devices that allow them to project the transmissions onto any flat surface. And in 2020, not
unlike today, viewers are interested in the game, but they're actually more absorbed by the advertising. The
commercials on screen are far better than they are now. Directors make sure they are moving, exciting,
entertaining and technicians make sure the effects are breathtaking. It's not the commercials on screen that
are the most interesting part, though: the really crucial advertising is hiding in plain sight on the field. Brand
names blaze from each player's shirt. The game is held at U-tech Stadium in U-tech town -formerly known
as Philadelphia. Corporations will pay big money for the right to digitize logos onto the T-shirts of the fans
in the stands. Logos of sponsors won't be painted on stadium signs or on the field any more. Thanks to
technology that is already emerging, logos of sponsors will be digitally embedded in the image on your screen.
The logos you see will be chosen depending on your personal interests and profile, and they'll be different
from the ones aimed at your next-door neighbors.
Advertising will change profoundly over the next couple of decades, although there's a good chance
you won't notice the difference, since the most meaningful changes won't be visible to the casual observer.
It's the changes they that are happening underground that will count, and they're the ones we should be
aware of. Advertising in the future will be stealthily and eerily targeted, disturbingly omnipresent and
inescapable. Technology, naturally, will be the engine. User-tracking software that records your TV and
Internet viewing habits in minute detail- and crosses it with your purchasing history - will allow the
advertiser to know that you have children, that you eat meat, that your native tongue is Spanish and that
your dishwasher is however many years old. That way you will be shown commercials for mini-vans,
cheeseburgers and replacement dishwashers, all in Spanish, and not for sports cars, tofu and replacement
refrigerators, in English. In fact, this technology already exists. Refined with data that track what kinds of
online ads you tend to click on - funny, sentimental, fact-laden -every commercial will hit home.
Say what you will, that's a nifty trick. In the future, people won't be bothered with advertising
messages irrelevant to them. They'll tend to like advertising better because it's so carefully tailored to their
tastes and will begin to feel less like an intrusion. This works for the advertiser too because fewer dollars will
be wasted. While it's a little dispiriting to think we can be so predictably manipulated, maybe that's a fair
price to pay to avoid the pollution of messages you don't care about.
Nevertheless, it seems clear that the advertising outlets that exist today -TV and radio commercials,
prints ads, billboards and taxi tops -will be inadequate for accommodating all the commercial messages that
are agitating to get out. Advertising will therefore inevitably slip beyond the boundaries of the 30-second
commercial and the full-page ad and migrate to the rest of the world, including entertainment, journalism
and art. You can glimpse the future now. Product placement in movies is an obvious instance of where
advertising has slipped outside its traditional container into entertainment. The music channels which are
an entertainment medium designed expressly to sell records are another classic example. Every time an artist
mentions a brand in their lyrics, advertising slips into art. If you have a tattoo of your team's name, you're
already there. If you wear a T-shirt with a logo on it, you're also there but with less pain. Eventually, every
surface that can display a message will be appropriated for advertising. A backlash is inevitable. Perhaps
people will pay a premium to live in advertising-free zones.
People get very nervous when they see the line blurring between advertising and other forms of
content; think advertising is some kind of infection that pollutes the purity of art, ruins objectivity and
distracts from the pleasure of entertainment. Yet this is missing the point. Surely consumers are smart and
perfectly aware when they're being sold something; surely people who go to company websites are happy to
find worthwhile information there and are capable of distinguishing between a commercial message and an
editorial one? Art and journalism, until they became pretentious in the late 20th century, always relied on
direct subsidy from private sources. Don't think for a minute that commercial interests didn't enter into it.
The genuinely disturbing aspect of the ubiquity of advertising is that it has begun to supplant what
was formally civic. Even the parks are gradually being renamed after corporations. The venerable Boston
Garden was replaced not so long ago by the Fleet Centre: a city erased, its role played by a bank. A little town
in the Pacific Northwest just renamed itself after a dotcom company in return for a generous donation. I
won't mention the name here, since I figure advertising should be paid for. That's when advertising has gone
too far: when it's become something we are, rather than something we see.
(Adapted from How will advertisers reach us, Jay Chiat (2000))
71. According to the writer, the greatest differences about TV audiences in 2020 is that they will
A. buy products because they are impressed by special effects.
B. be exposed to different mediums of advertising than are common today.
C. appreciate certain programmes to a lesser extent than current audiences.
D. have the right to choose the kind of commercials they wish to receive.
72. Logos in the future are believed
A. to be more individualized.
B. to aim at certain targets.
C. to become less relevant in the commercialization process.
D. to extend beyond the boundaries of advertising.
73. The writer suggests that over the next couples of decades, viewers will probably
A. be unaware of the effect that advertising has on them.
B. fail to realize how advertisers are promoting products.
C. resent the lack of privacy they have in their own homes.
D. feel pressurized to consume more disposable products.
74. The word “stealthily” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. cunningly B. vicariously C. dogmatically D. furtively
75. In the third paragraph, what does the writer feel about the consumer being ‘predictably manipulated’?
A. He believes people will be indignant at the removal of choice.
B. He condemns it as a form of deception.
C. He states that consumers will appreciate the precision of this approach.
D. He suggests that this is a cost-effective approach for the consumer.
76. What is referred to as a drawback of current mediums of advertising?
A. their sluggish tempo C. their confusing messages
Vocabulary
embed manipulate cunning
overseas possessions. The two most (9) traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the Civil War
(1861-65) and the Great Depression of the 1930s. Buoyed by (10) victories in World Wars I and II and the
end of the Cold War in 1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation-state. The economy is
marked by steady growth, low unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in technology.
Passage B
Bomb blasts have rocked Marawi City in the southern Philippines as the national flag was raised to
(1) mark independence day, almost three weeks after hundreds of Islamist militants overran the town and
hunkered down with civilians as (2) human shields. Rescue workers, soldiers and firemen sang the national
(3) anthem and listened to speeches as three OV-10 attack aircraft (4) darted through the cloudy sky on
Monday, taking it in turns to bomb areas where fighters were still holed up. As of Saturday the number of
security forces killed in the battle for Marawi stood at 58. The death (5) toll for civilians was 20 and more
than 100 had been killed overall.
Duterte did not say (6) how he knew that Islamic State leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, whose
movement is commonly (7) referred to as ISIS, had given instructions for the attack on Marawi. Foreign
Affairs Minister Allan Peter Cayetano said in an independence day speech in Manila that the militants’ had
planned to take over at least two or three cities in Mindanao. Their plot was (8) foiled because troops made
a preemptive raid on Marawi to capture Isnilon Hapilon, leader of the Abu Sayyaf group and Islamic State’s
“emir” of south-east Asia.A US official, speaking on (9) condition of anonymity, said support (10) included
aerial surveillance and targeting, electronic eavesdropping, communications assistance and training. A US
P-3 Orion surveillance plane was seen over the town on Friday.
Part 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. Honda uses the track as a test lab to apply methodical engineering to create roadworthy consumer
automobiles. (ROAD)
2. The nation is obliged to fulfill its responsibility commensurate with its position in the international
community. (MEASURE)
3. Climbers are also advised to plan their routes carefully, to stick to well-trodden paths and to stay
together in groups. (TREAD)
4. The nervous boy was maladroit and stuttered over his words as he invited the girl to the
dance. (ADROIT)
5. Between the world wars major unions suffered the searing experience of high unemployment which owed
much to incompetent employers and benighted policy-makers. (NIGHT)
6. He is so pettyfogging - he always overemphasizes small details even if they are by no means
important. (PETTY)
7. Renaissance is a period in European history that witnessed a(n) efflourescence of many world-famous
works of art. (FLORA)
8. I have studied very hard for Olympic 30/4; as a corollary, my assiduity pays off with a prestigious gold
medal. (ROLL)
9. A clown’s entire act is based on tomfoolery and silliness, such as smashing pies in people’s faces and
laughing in an overly ridiculous manner. (FOOL)
10. Napoleon, as if he were already the Emperor of France, waited not for the plenipotentiaries from Paris,
but signed the treaty in his own name. (POTENTATE)
Part 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
Deflated values also mean that natural gas extractors see no reason to capture helium. Much is lost
in the process of extraction. As Sobotka notes: "The government had the good vision to store helium, and
the question now is: Will the (1) corporations have the vision to capture it when extracting natural gas, and
consumers the wisdom to recycle? This takes (2) long-term vision because present market forces are not
sufficient to compel (3) prudent practice”. For Nobel-prize laureate Robert Richardson, the U.S.
government must be prevailed upon to repeal its (4) privatization policy as the country supplies over 80
per cent of global helium, mostly from the National Helium Reserve. For Richardson, a twenty- to fifty-fold
increase in prices would (5) incentivize people to recycle.
A number of steps need to be taken in order to avert a costly predicament in the coming decades.
Firstly, all existing supplies of helium ought to be conserved and released only by permit, with medical uses
receiving (6) precedence over other commercial or (7) recreational demands. Secondly, conservation
should be (8) obligatory and enforced by a (9) regulatory agency. At the moment some users, such as
hospitals, tend to recycle diligently while others, such as NASA, squander massive amounts of helium.
Lastly, research into alternatives to helium must begin in (10) earnest.
of rubbish sometimes! His appearance last night on BBC 1’s ‘Let’s Talk It Over’ was not exception. He
started out by having what I will politely call a difference of opinion with Tania Di Monte, author of ‘Tell
me the Truth about love’. Ms. Di Monte always expresses the most extraordinary views without any apparent
fear of contrast. Last night she was boldly set out her rules for a perfect relationship when poor old
Farnsworth accidentally called her Tina. Tina is of course the name of her ex-husband Darren’s second wife
and we all know that any mention him – or her – is like a blue rag to a bull to Tania. Farnsworth kept
apologizing and saying that it had been a skip of the tongue brought about by a momentary lapse of
concentration, but it took all presenter Greg Lazarre’s skills to calm our Tania down again. Francis then
started calling her ‘darling’, which only succeeded in making her even more furious. ‘Term of endearment’,
he stammered as she glared at him. She had been vehemently denying that there was even a speck of truth
in rumors about her forthcoming engagement with football star Nick Pérez. Nevertheless, I’m sure it is
only a question of time before we see Tania and Nick on the cover of ‘Hi There!’ celebrating ‘the wedding
of the century’. If marrying someone like Tania is what happens to you if you’re incredibly successful, like
Pérez undoubtedly is, I shudder thinking what the price of failure might be!
a load of crap/bull etc/a load of rubbish used to say that something is bad, untrue, or stupid
like a red rag to a bull very likely to make someone angry or upset
it’s (only/just) a matter/question of time used to say that something will definitely happen at some time
in the future, but you do not know when
5. The university entrance examination system has long been a fiercely debatable subject in our country.
(BONE)
The university entrance examination system has long been a bone of contention in our country.
6. There exists a grave mistake where people think Westernisation is development and strongly criticise
all who try to uphold and espouse our local traditions. (HEAP)
There exists a grave mistake where people think Westernisation is development and heap scorn on
all who try to uphold and espouse our local traditions.
7. The prices were very roughly calculated - it looked as though he'd done them in a rush. (ENVELOPE)
But for him/his having done the prices on the back of an envelope, the prices wouldn’t have been
so roughly calculated.
on the back of an envelope (=used to describe a calculation or plan that is written down quickly on any
available small piece of paper)
8. Living in the past and recalling his mistakes made a victim of him. (HARKING)
He fell prey to living in the past and harking back to his mistakes.
fall prey to: if someone falls prey to someone or something bad, they are harmed or affected by them
9. Our vacation cut both ways; the first few days were sunny, but the rest of the week was ruined by the
heavy rain and flooding. (EGG)
Our vacation was a curate’s egg; the rest of the week was ruined by the heavy rain and flooding,
sunny as/though the first few days were .
10. Health chiefs was criticised after deciding to axe some staff at a Bishopstoke hospital without any
explicable reasons. (WALKING)
Having decided to give some staff at a Bishopstoke hospital walking papers without any explicable
reasons, health chiefs have been given a rap over the knuckles./have received a rap over the knuckles.
give somebody their walking papers: to tell someone that they must leave a place or a job
give sb a rap on/over the knuckles to punish or criticize someone for something, but not very severely