r

is of a sketch describe how a rigid pavement is analysed using the finite element
Describe the boundary conditions as well as the principles
used in the analysis.
--tisr~
lis ths modulus of subgrade reaction (k) used for? ^
-Ithe modulus of subgrade reaction measured and
calculated?
; serviceability of a pavement. ^
; the Present Serviceability Index (PS1) relation developed
at the AASHO Road Jiding its development and applicability
with regard to the pavement factors that are
i the equation. [5]
kr bond is sometimes specified for block paving in trafficked
areas
( S k e t c h t h e s t r e t c he r b o n d . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
t>ef r
^ **" T^S [1]
| Name and sketch two other methods of laying block
paving. '^"^ =£$ [2] J-Discuss the relative merits and
disadvantages of these three types of laying bond.[2]

\( pavement structures (LPS) have been proposed as a

solution for roads carrying \ volumes. Briefly discuss four
factors that need to be taken into account when
LPS, particularly in developing regions. Under what circumstances would you
nmend LPS. ,J^ &
|factors need to be considered in the structural design of unpaved roads., - ft'^'- '"
f i n t h e f o l l ow i n g : ^ ^^ r ^ t ^^ ' ^f i f ' f £ ^ T # ~ c ^' X ^ A V ^V ( i )
88% bulk density- /^ ^ W/,- to^^> ^^j^^^t^^
(ii) 98% Mod AASHTO density-? &$•] ''"" ,^;;> Xr " [8]

ake a sketch of an airfield and indicate the most critical and least critical areas in
of pavement design. [2]
\lhat is the difference between RCN, ACN and LCN, and when are these concepts
feed in South Africa? Z-^&ffi* ^ "•*" "' [41 ^
{ 3
^ * H.
I^^
V . ^F
\<.>. s ^"<-'"> > "
' t . * , - ^- V.
/ ^ ^ v '-"^
W "f- -

Clearly state and motivate any assumptions made ""^ r.;c'

Jetermine the remaining life of the following CateQpjy_B pavement in a dry region Maree
and Freeme relations:
40 mrn Continuously graded asphalt surfacing ^ - '
G1 Crushed stone base ^3,g^
C4 Cement stabilised subbase in an EG4 state ' ^ 22:2*\¥2
G7 selected layer js^f
G9 subgrade |The follov/ing results were calculated
with ELSYM5:
et asphalt^ 300j^£ ^ *~~
/ —
Sigmal = 400 kPa SigmaS = 40 kPa U~-£^-?'
FoSEG4=1.3 r 0 }
evG7 = 950ne ' L>-7 ^
EvG9 = ^"
 [6]
!: What could be done to give 'the pavement a longer life of 3 million EBOs?