UNIVERSITY OF SIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE
CE 65 – TIMBER DESIGN

PROPERTIES OF WOOD BASED ON

THE NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

SUBMITTED BY:
DICKA, AF-GHANI A.
ARCH 5A_A1

Working Stresses for Visually Stress-Graded

Unseasoned Structural Timber of Philippine Woods.
Additional Species 80% STRESS GRADE 50% STRESS GRADE
 (Common and Botanical Bending Modulus Compression Compression Shear Bending Modulus Compression Compression Shear
Names) and of parallel to perpendicular parallel and of parallel to perpendicular parallel
Tension elasticity grain to grain to Tension elasticity grain to grain to
parallel in grain parallel in grain
to grain bending to grain bending

1000 1000
MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa
1000

I. High Strength Group

A. Commercial Species
Alupag amo [Litchi 28.13 7.98 9.74 6.39 3.49 17.58 4.99 6.09 4.00 2.18
chinensis Sonn. ssp.
philippinensis
(Radlk)Leenh.]
Ata-ata (Diospyros 27.00 8.28 - - - 16.87 5.18 - - -
mindanaensis Merr.)
Bakauan (Rhizophora 31.45 9.60 8.90 6.30 3.05 19.65 6.00 5.56 3.93 1.90
apiculata Blume)
Katilma (Diospyros nitida 26.17 8.31 8.03 3.54 2.66 16.35 5.19 5.02 2.21 1.66
Merr)
Kubi (Artocarpus nitidus 31.21 7.92 11.04 5.47 2.85 19.51 4.95 6.90 3.42 1.78
Trecc. spp. nitidus)
Narig (Vatica mangachapoi 24.47 8.15 9.13 4.19 2.44 15.29 5.09 5.70 2.62 1.53
Blanco ssp. mangachapoi)
Narig, Thick leafed (Vatica 27.04 8.34 10.29 6.42 2.89 16.90 5.21 6.43 4.01 1.81
pechyphylla Merr)
Tiga [Tristeniopsis 31.92 9.00 10.18 9.71 3.41 19.95 5.63 6.36 6.07 2.13
micrantha (Merr) Wils. &
Waterh.]
Tindalo [Afzelia 30.17 8.88 11.39 7.56 3.41 18.86 5.55 7.12 4.73 2.13
rhomboidea (Blanco) Vid.]
Yakal (Shorea astylosa 25.05 9.92 10.14 6.72 2.33 15.66 6.20 6.34 4.20 1.46
Foxw.)
Yakal-yamban (Shorea 29.17 9.50 9.81 6.31 2.43 18.23 5.94 6.13 3.94 1.52
falciferoides ssp.
falciferoides)
Yakal-malibato (Shorea 38.22 8.70 10.14 6.15 2.64 23.89 5.44 6.34 3.84 1.65
malibato Foxw)
Yakal-saplungan [Hopea 41.79 11.18 12.76 9.00 2.91 26.12 6.99 7.97 5.62 1.82
plagata (Blanco) Vid.]
Diospyros sp. 24.67 7.98 8.48 5.71 2.64 15.42 4.99 5.30 3.57 1.65
B. Lesser-Known Species
Antsoan (Cassia javanica L. 27.47 7.62 9.44 5.08 3.00 17.17 4.76 5.90 3.17 1.87
ssp. javenica)
Arangen [Ganophyllum 26.85 7.86 9.82 6.88 3.00 16.78 4.91 6.14 4.30 1.87
obliquum (Blanco) Merr.]
Bansilai (Ochna foxworthyi 27.99 9.24 10.72 8.00 2.88 17.49 5.78 6.70 5.00 1.80
Elm)
Satinwood (Chloroxylon 32.92 8.40 11.39 5.47 3.09 20.57 5.25 7.12 3.42 1.93
swietenia DC.)

II. Moderately High

Strength Group

National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume 1, 6th Edition

 6-72 CHAPTER 6 - Wood

A. Commercial Species
Akle [Albizia acle (Blanco) 21.08 7.20 7.36 4.78 2.78 13.17 4.50 4.60 2.99 1.74
Merr.]
Amugis 19.48 6.71 6.92 3.90 2.42 12.17 4.20 4.33 2.43 1.51
[Koordersiodendron
pinnatum (Blanco) Merr.]
Anang (Diospyros 22.00 7.02 7.62 3.05 2.49 13.75 4.39 4.76 1.91 1.56
pyrrhcorpa Miq.)
Anang-gulod [Diospyros 20.20 6.15 7.41 3.61 2.57 12.62 3.85 4.63 2.26 1.61
myrmecocalyx (Hiern)
Bakh]
Batino (Alstonia - - - - - - - - - -
macrophylla G. Don)
Bingas [Terminalia citrina 18.01 7.20 8.07 4.34 2.72 11.26 4.50 5.05 2.71 1.70
(Gaertn.) Roxb. ex. Flem.]
Bolon [Platymitra arborea 25.34 7.62 8.38 3.63 2.29 15.84 4.76 5.24 2.27 1.43
(Blanco) Kesler]
Bolong-eta (Diospyros 20.46 8.28 5.50 - - 12.79 5.18 3.44 - -
pilosanthera
Blanco var philosanthera] 19.35 7.38 6.38 5.37 2.68 12.09 4.61 3.99 3.36 1.68
Dungon (Heritiera sylvatica 23.73 7.20 9.52 6.15 2.72 14.83 4.50 5.95 3.84 1.70
Vidal)
Dysoxylum sp. 17.10 6.18 6.88 2.38 2.00 10.69 3.86 4.30 1.49 1.25
Ipil [Intsia bijuga (Colebr) 27.09 7.44 - 5.37 - 16.93 4.65 - 3.36 -
O. Ktze]
Kamagong (Diospyros 25.04 7.74 8.54 6.49 3.00 15.65 4.84 5.34 4.06 1.87
discolor Willd.)
Kamagong ponce 22.00 6.30 6.86 4.82 2.19 13.75 3.94 4.29 3.01 1.37
(Diospyros poncei Merr.)
Katmon-bayani (Dillenia 21.17 7.56 6.46 4.51 2.13 13.23 4.73 4.04 2.82 1.33
megalantha Merr.)
Katong-lakihan 19.56 8.22 6.69 3.42 1.90 12.22 5.14 4.18 2.14 1.19
(Dysoxylum crytobotryum
Miq.)
Lithocarpus sp. 18.52 8.04 6.30 3.98 1.49 11.57 5.03 3.94 2.49 0.93
Ludek [Ludekia bernardoi 24.30 7.44 6.78 4.18 2.56 15.18 4.65 4.24 2.61 1.60
(Merr.) Ridsd.]
Malakatmon [Dillenia 23.60 7.40 7.37 5.40 2.46 14.75 4.63 4.61 3.38 1.54
luzoniensis (Vidal) Martelli
ex Dur. et Jacks.]
Malapanau (Dipterocarpus 17.26 6.86 6.12 2.09 1.70 10.79 4.29 3.83 1.31 1.07
kerrii King)
Manggis [Koompassia 24.96 8.94 9.09 3.79 2.27 15.60 5.59 5.68 2.37 1.42
excelsa (Becc.) Taub.]
Maniknik (Palaquium 18.61 6.30 6.94 2.18 2.27 11.63 3.94 4.34 1.36 1.42
tenuipetiolatum Merr.)
20.60 6.18 7.01 3.79 2.24 12.88 3.86 4.38 2.37 1.40
Malugai (Pometia pinnata 17.10 6.36 5.99 2.80 2.15 10.69 3.98 3.75 1.75 1.34
Forst & Forst.)
Malugai-liitan (Pometia 17.06 6.05 6.38 3.93 2.36 10.67 3.78 3.99 2.45 1.47
pinnata forma repanda
Jacobs)
Palak-palak (Palaquium 21.43 7.85 7.29 2.64 1.88 13.39 4.90 4.56 1.65 1.18
lanceolatum Blanco)
Panau, leaf-tailed 19.23 7.32 5.66 2.61 1.62 12.02 4.58 3.54 1.63 1.02
(Dipterocarpus caudatus
Foxw.)
Pianga [Ganua obovatifolia 18.27 7.03 5.70 2.66 1.94 11.42 4.39 3.56 1.66 1.21
(Merr.) Assem]
Sakat (Terminalia nitens 23.63 5.66 - 2.77 - 14.77 3.54 - 1.73 -
Presl.)
Ulaian [Lithocarpus llanosii 17.67 5.55 6.93 3.38 2.21 11.04 3.47 4.33 2.11 1.38
(A.DC.) Rehd.]
Talisai-gubat (Terminalia 21.79 7.32 6.88 2.83 2.06 13.62 4.58 4.30 1.77 1.28
foetidissima Griff.)

Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines

 CHAPTER 6 - Wood 6-73

Toog [Petersianthus 19.70 6.53 6.77 2.74 2.03 12.31 4.08 4.23 1.71 1.27
quadrialatus (Merr.) Merr.]
Yakal kaliot (Hopea 23.96 8.25 7.62 3.45 2.55 14.98 5.16 4.76 2.16 1.59
malibato Foxw.)
B. Lesser-Known Species
Balakat [Ziziphus talanai 16.89 4.87 8.03 3.02 2.17 10.55 3.05 5.02 1.88 1.36
(Blanco) Merr.]
Balikbikan (Drypetes 24.82 7.74 7.62 3.78 2.08 15.51 4.84 4.76 2.36 1.30
longifolia (Blume) Pax & K
Hoffm.]
Kalamansanai Group 14.94 5.50 - 3.56 2.14 9.34 3.44 - 2.23 1.34
(Neonauclea sp.)
Kalingag (Cinnamomum 21.03 5.83 7.12 2.78 2.22 13.14 3.64 4.45 1.74 1.39
mercadoi Vid.)
Kapulasan (Nephelium 16.36 6.47 - 3.68 2.26 10.22 4.04 - 2.30 1.41
mutabile Blume)
Langil [Albizia lebbek (L.) 22.69 6.66 8.35 5.12 2.78 14.18 4.16 5.22 3.20 1.74
Benth.]
Patangis [Magnolia 21.03 7.08 6.34 3.56 2.61 13.14 4.43 3.96 2.23 1.63
candollei (Blume) Keng
var. candollei]
Siar [Peltophorum 21.45 5.94 7.17 7.37 2.30 13.41 3.71 4.48 4.61 1.44
pterocarpum (DC.) K.
Heyne]
Tamayuan ([Strombosia 30.55 7.44 10.18 8.10 3.12 19.09 4.65 6.36 5.06 1.95
philippinens (Baill.) Rolfe]
Uas [Harpulia arborea 17.05 5.39 5.66 3.02 2.13 10.66 3.37 3.54 1.89 1.33
(Blanco Radik]
C. Plantation Species
Acacia crassicarpa A. 20.08 6.78 5.31 2.64 2.04 12.55 4.24 3.32 1.65 1.27
Cunn. ex Benth
Acacia cincinnata 15.25 5.77 6.46 2.97 2.28 9.53 3.61 4.04 1.86 1.42
Banaba [Lagerstroemia 16.72 5.36 5.92 3.81 2.27 10.45 3.35 3.70 2.38 1.42
speciosa (L.) Pers.]
Ipil-ipil, Giant [Leucaena 15.54 5.43 5.50 3.20 2.50 9.71 3.40 3.44 2.00 1.56
leucocephala (Lam.) de
wit]

III. Medium Strength

Group
A. Commercial Species
Apitong (Dipterocarpus 17.67 8.01 6.26 2.42 2.00 11.05 5.01 3.91 1.51 1.25
grandiflorus Blanco)
Apitong, Basilan 18.26 7.62 5.87 1.93 1.66 11.41 4.76 3.67 1.21 1.04
(Dipterocarpus eurynchus
Miq.)
Apitong Broad-winged 16.57 6.76 5.51 1.90 1.59 10.36 4.23 3.44 1.19 1.00
(Dipterocarpus kunstleri
King)
Bitaog (Calophyllum 14.16 6.30 4.80 1.59 1.38 8.85 3.94 3.00 0.99 0.86
inophyllum L.)
Dagang (Anisoptera aurea 14.98 5.84 5.24 2.58 1.63 9.36 3.65 3.28 1.61 1.02
Foxw.)
Hagakhak (Dipterocarpus 16.98 6.23 5.59 1.59 1.54 10.61 3.90 3.50 0.99 0.96
validus Blume)
Kalumpit (Terminalia 18.52 4.60 6.11 3.32 2.47 11.57 2.87 3.82 2.08 1.54
microcarpa Decne.)
Katmon (Dillenia 18.38 5.16 6.40 3.79 2.28 11.48 3.22 4.00 2.37 1.42
philippinensis Rolfe)
Kuling-babui (Dysoxylum 14.49 5.72 5.73 1.61 1.76 9.06 3.57 3.58 1.01 1.10
excelsum Blume)
Kuling-manuk [Aglaia 18.42 5.25 7.58 3.08 2.06 11.51 3.28 4.74 1.92 1.29
luzoniensis (Vid.) Merr &
Rolfe]

National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume 1, 6th Edition

 6-74 CHAPTER 6 - Wood

Lamio [Dracontomelon 15.68 4.36 4.77 1.83 1.58 9.80 2.72 2.98 1.14 0.99
edule (Blanco) Skeels]
Lanipau (Terminalia 15.63 5.94 6.11 1.84 1.58 9.77 3.71 3.82 1.15 0.99
copelandii Elm.)
Lokinai [Dacrydium 15.44 3.35 3.65 2.09 1.70 9.65 2.10 2.28 1.31 1.06
beccarii Parl.)
Lamog (Planchonia 19.13 5.08 5.63 4.65 2.09 11.96 3.17 3.52 2.91 1.31
spectabilis Merr.)
Magabuyo (Celtis luzonica 11.51 4.01 5.06 2.12 1.78 7.19 2.50 3.16 1.32 1.11
Warb.)
Nato Villamil [Pouteria 16.34 5.06 5.57 2.59 2.06 10.21 3.17 3.48 1.62 1.29
villamilli (Merr) Baehni]
Philippine maple (Acer 15.77 6.30 7.46 1.86 1.88 9.86 3.94 4.66 1.17 1.17
laurinum
Hassk. apud Hoeven & de - - - - - - - - - -
Vriese)
Piling-liitan [Canarium 15.89 4.66 5.41 2.09 2.08 9.93 2.91 3.38 1.31 1.30
luzonicum (Blume) A.
Gray]
Tangile [Shorea 15.83 6.23 5.50 1.79 1.54 9.89 3.89 3.44 1.12 0.96
polysperma (Blanco)
Merr.]
B. Lesser-Known Species
Anang (Diospyros 15.88 5.16 - 2.38 1.86 9.92 3.23 - 1.49 1.16
pyrrhocarpa Miq.)
Amunat (Oraphea 16.86 6.42 6.34 2.14 1.75 10.54 4.01 3.96 1.34 1.09
cumingiana Vid)
Apanit [Mastixia pentandra 17.10 6.48 5.12 1.69 1.65 10.69 4.05 3.20 1.06 1.03
Blume ssp. philippinensis
(Wang.) Matt.]
Balukanag [Chisocheton 16.24 6.60 5.57 2.43 1.60 10.15 4.13 3.48 1.52 1.00
cumingianus (C.DC.)
Harms]
Banai-banai [Radermachera 20.60 5.15 7.01 3.07 2.02 12.88 3.22 4.38 1.92 1.26
pinnata (Blanco) Seem]
Bitanghol (Calophyllum 10.31 4.67 - 1.63 1.51 6.44 2.92 - 1.02 0.94
blancoi Pl. & Tr.)
Dalung (Phyllocladus 20.51 5.70 6.88 2.55 2.04 12.82 3.56 4.30 1.59 1.27
hypophyllus Hook f.)
Gapas-gapas 18.04 5.36 7.26 1.85 1.44 11.28 3.35 4.54 1.16 0.90
[Camptostemon
philippinense (Vid.) Becc.]
Itangan {Weinmannia 13.92 4.85 4.74 1.67 1.62 8.70 3.03 2.96 1.05 1.01
luzoniensis Vid.)
Java sala [Sloanea javanica 17.85 5.36 6.30 2.24 2.00 11.16 3.35 3.94 1.40 1.25
(Miq.) Koord & Val.]
Kangko [Aphanamixis 16.08 5.71 5.73 2.83 1.89 10.05 3.57 3.58 1.77 1.18
polystachya Wall.) R.N.
Parker]
Malakmalak [Palaquium 13.37 4.70 5.71 2.05 1.80 8.36 2.94 3.57 1.28 1.13
philippense (Perr.) C.B.
Rosb.]
Nato [Palaquium 16.72 5.45 5.57 2.14 1.86 10.45 3.40 3.48 1.34 1.16
luzoniense (F. Vill.) Vid]
Pagsahingin-bulog 16.58 6.66 5.63 1.64 1.86 10.36 4.16 3.52 1.02 1.16
(Canarium asperum Benth)
Panang (Palaquium sp.) 14.44 5.48 - 2.59 2.01 9.03 3.42 - 1.62 1.25
Philippine chestnut 14.02 4.98 4.90 2.34 1.75 8.76 3.11 3.06 1.46 1.09
[Castanopsis philipinensis
(Blanco) Vid]
Sagimsim [Syzgium brevi- 16.87 4.03 - 2.21 2.03 10.54 2.52 - 1.38 1.27
stylum (C.B. Rob.) Merr.]
Santiki [Cleidion 15.72 4.25 4.48 3.18 - 9.83 2.66 2.80 1.99 -
spiciflorum (Bum. F.)
Merr.]
Syzgium sp. 12.05 4.21 - 1.89 1.78 7.53 2.63 - 1.18 1.12

Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines

 CHAPTER 6 - Wood 6-75

Tan-ag (Kleinhovia hospita 15.34 4.48 5.95 2.47 1.91 9.59 2.80 3.72 1.55 1.20
L)
Ulaian [Lithocarpus 18.81 5.09 - 4.51 2.63 11.76 3.18 - 2.82 1.64
celebicus (Miq.) Rehd.]
Usuang-saha (Endiandra 15.49 5.39 4.99 2.81 1.80 9.68 3.37 3.12 1.76 1.12
laxiflora Merr.)
Ternstroemia sp. 19.51 5.32 6.94 2.65 2.12 12.20 3.33 4.34 1.66 1.33
C. Plantation Species
Acacia mangium Willd. 15.51 5.60 7.36 2.49 1.95 9.70 3.50 4.60 1.56 1.22
Nangka (Artocarpus 20.55 5.26 7.04 2.04 1.92 12.85 3.29 4.40 1.27 1.20
heterophyllus Lamk.)
River red gum (Eucalyptus 16.22 6.14 - 3.49 1.51 10.14 3.84 - 2.18 0.94
camaldulensis Dehnh.)
Teak (Tectona grandis Lf.) 18.94 4.99 4.93 2.81 2.01 11.84 3.12 3.08 1.76 1.26

IV. Moderately Low

Strength Group
A. Commercial Species
Almon (Shorea almon 15.32 6.14 5.48 1.63 1.41 9.57 3.83 3.43 1.02 0.88
Foxw.)
Anubing (Artocarpus 19.46 4.04 5.34 4.19 1.87 12.17 2.53 3.34 2.62 1.17
ovatus Blanco)
Batikuling (Litsea leytensis 13.32 4.86 6.08 1.41 1.36 8.33 3.04 3.80 0.88 0.85
Merr.)
Dulit [Canarium hirsutum 12.41 3.52 4.64 1.21 1.38 7.76 2.20 2.90 0.75 0.86
Willd. Forma - - - - - - - - - -
multipinnatum (Llanos) H
J. Lam.]
Igem [Dacycarpus 12.17 4.95 4.26 1.24 1.45 7.61 3.09 2.66 0.77 0.91
imbricatus (Bl.) var.
patulus de Laub.]
Ilo-ilo [Aglaia argentea 16.86 5.50 4.83 1.50 1.42 10.54 3.44 3.02 0.94 0.89
Blume)
Kalunti [Shorea hopeifolia 14.11 4.97 5.50 1.61 1.44 8.82 3.11 3.44 1.00 0.90
(Heim) Sym]
Loktob (Duabanga 8.64 1.79 4.51 1.30 1.11 5.40 1.12 2.82 0.81 0.69
moluccana Blume)
Manggasinoro [Shorea 14.11 5.65 5.13 1.54 1.40 8.82 3.53 3.21 0.96 0.87
assamica
Dyer, ssp. philippinensis - - - - - - - - - -
(Brandis) Sym]
Manggasinorong-lakihan 14.44 5.59 5.57 1.88 1.35 9.03 3.50 3.48 1.18 0.84
(Shorea virescens Parijs)
Mayapis [Shorea palosapis 14.60 5.81 5.20 1.53 1.34 9.12 3.63 3.25 0.96 0.84
(Blanco) Merr.]
Paguringon (Cratoxylum 15.77 4.76 6.05 2.32 2.06 9.86 2.97 3.78 1.45 1.29
sumatranum (Jack) Blume
ssp. sumatranum Robs.].
Tuai (Bischofia javanica 14.75 4.14 4.66 4.10 1.80 9.22 2.59 2.91 2.56 1.13
Blume)
Shorea sp. 13.92 4.84 4.26 1.04 1.15 8.70 3.03 2.66 0.65 0.72
B. Lesser-Known Species
Anongo (Turpinia 11.70 3.68 3.78 1.44 1.30 7.31 2.30 2.36 0.90 0.81
ovalifolia Elm.)
Balakat-gubat [Sapium - - - 1.38 1.55 - - - 0.86 0.97
luzonicum (Vid.) Merr.]
Balanti [Homalanthus 11.32 3.83 - 1.65 1.31 7.07 2.39 - 1.03 0.82
populneus (Geisel.) Pax
var. populneus]
Balete (Ficus balete Merr.) 13.84 5.20 - 2.30 1.72 8.65 3.25 - 1.44 1.08
Balobo (Diplodiscus 16.59 4.71 - 3.12 2.02 10.37 2.94 - 1.95 1.26
paniculatus Turcz.)

National Structural Code of the Philippines Volume 1, 6th Edition

 6-76 CHAPTER 6 - Wood

Bayok (Pterospermum 15.44 4.40 5.41 1.69 1.44 9.65 2.75 3.38 1.06 0.90
diversifolium Blume)
Bayok-bayokan 13.56 4.69 5.62 1.45 1.29 8.48 2.93 3.51 0.91 0.81
(Pterospermumniveum
Vid.)
Binunga [Macaranga 9.79 3.39 - 1.50 1.37 6.12 2.12 - 0.94 0.85
tanarius (L.) Muell-Arg.]
Buta-buta (Exocecaria 10.61 3.40 3.68 1.40 1.33 6.63 2.12 2.30 0.87 0.83
agallocha L.)
Duguan (Myristica 8.39 4.38 - 1.92 1.38 5.25 2.74 - 1.20 0.86
philippensis Lam.)
Himbabao [Broussonetia 12.83 4.04 4.45 2.24 2.00 8.02 2.53 2.78 1.40 1.25
luzonica (Blanco) Bur. var.
luzonica]
Katong-matsin 14.49 3.56 4.26 1.51 1.32 9.06 2.23 2.66 0.95 0.83
[Chisocheton pentandrus
(Blanco) Merr.]
Tulo [Alphitonia 14.11 3.81 4.61 1.63 1.54 8.82 2.38 2.88 1.02 0.97
philippinensis (Braid.)
Gordonia sp.]
C. Plantation Species
Bagras (Eucalyptus 11.71 4.05 4.80 1.23 1.05 7.32 2.53 3.00 0.77 0.66
deglupta Blume)
Durian (Durio zibethinus 13.88 4.90 5.15 1.80 1.42 8.67 3.06 3.22 1.13 0.89
Merr.)
Para-rubber [Hevea 11.13 3.91 3.33 2.19 1.67 6.96 2.45 2.08 1.37 1.05
brasiliensis (HBK) Muell-
Arg.]
Santol [Sandoricum 11.84 2.91 3.62 1.44 1.31 7.40 1.82 2.26 0.90 0.82
koetjape (Burm. f.) merr.]
V. Low Strength Group
A. Commercial Species
Kalantas (Toona calantas 9.66 3.70 3.04 0.86 0.88 6.04 2.31 1.90 0.54 0.55
Merr. & Rolfe)
Malakalumpang (Sterculia 7.72 3.74 3.58 1.08 0.91 4.82 2.34 2.24 0.68 0.57
Rarang [Erythrina 5.23 1.83 2.22 0.73 0.78 3.27 1.15 1.39 0.45 0.48
subumbrans (Hassk) Merr.]
Tiaong (Shorea ovata Dyer 11.56 4.97 4.02 0.91 1.07 7.22 3.11 2.51 0.57 0.67
ex Brandis)
Taluto [Pterocymbium 9.50 3.09 3.30 0.92 1.01 5.93 1.93 2.06 0.58 0.63
tinctorium (Blanco) Merr.]
B. Lesser-Known Species
Anabiong [Trema orientalis 5.56 2.36 2.46 1.01 1.02 3.48 1.48 1.54 0.63 0.63
(L.)]
Bagalunga (Melia 10.32 3.76 3.71 1.54 1.72 6.45 2.35 2.32 0.96 1.08
azedarach L.)
Banilad (Sterculia camosa 6.07 2.15 - 0.83 0.81 3.79 1.34 - 0.52 0.50
Wall.)
Binuang (Octomeles 9.09 3.66 3.11 0.74 0.88 5.68 2.29 1.94 0.47 0.55
sumatrana Miq.)
Dita [Alstonia scholaris 4.64 1.91 - 0.55 0.80 2.90 1.20 - 0.34 0.50
(L.)
R. Br. var. scholarisis] 10.14 3.42 3.84 1.34 0.86 6.33 2.14 2.40 0.84 0.54
Kaitana [Zanthoxylum 11.37 4.36 4.26 0.96 1.29 7.10 2.72 2.66 0.60 0.81
limonella (Dennst.) Alston]
Tangisang-bayawak (Ficus 4.32 1.56 - 0.64 0.78 2.70 0.97 - 0.40 0.49
variegata Blume var.
variegata)
C. Plantation Species
Alnus sp. 9.66 2.53 2.81 1.78 1.80 6.04 1.58 1.75 1.11 1.13
Balsa (Ochroma 8.76 2.77 3.65 1.30 - 5.48 1.73 2.28 0.81 -
pyramidale (Cav.) Urb.]
Bayabas (Psidium guajava 12.55 2.68 - - - 7.84 1.68 - - -
L.)

Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines

 CHAPTER 6 - Wood 6-77

Ilang-ilang [Cananga - - - - - - - - - -
odorata (Lam.) Hook f. &
Thoms.]
Gubas (Endospermum 9.66 2.96 3.74 2.36 1.02 6.04 1.85 2.34 1.48 0.64
peltatum Merr.]
Kaatoan bangkal 11.08 2.77 3.20 1.40 1.33 6.93 1.73 2.00 0.88 0.83
(Anthocephalus chinensis
(Lamk.) Rich. ex. Walp]
Kapok [Ceiba pentandra 4.27 1.35 1.80 0.74 0.63 2.67 0.84 1.13 0.46 0.39
(L.) Gaertn.]
Lumbang [Aleurites 6.39 2.47 1.63 0.71 0.88 4.00 1.55 1.02 0.44 0.55
moluccana (L.) Willd.]
Malapapaya [Polyscias 10.92 4.04 5.25 0.97 1.17 6.82 2.53 3.28 0.61 0.73
nodosa (Blume) Seem]
Moluccan sau 10.75 3.87 4.26 1.11 1.21 6.72 2.42 2.66 0.70 0.75
[Paraserianthes falcataria
(L.) Nielsen]
Spanish cedar (Cedrela 10.94 3.61 4.22 1.31 1.20 6.84 2.26 2.64 0.82 0.75
odorata L.)
Tulip, African (Spathodea 6.06 1.63 2.33 0.85 0.98 3.79 1.02 1.46 0.53 0.61
campanulata Beauv.)

Grouping of Species for Determining Allowable Loads for Timber Joints

I II III IV
Species Relative Species Relative Species Relative Species Relative
Density Density Density Density
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Malabayabas 0.90 Makaasim 0.74 Malugai 0.61 Lingo -lingo 0.48

Sasalit 0.90 Kamagong 0.72 Dangakalan 0.58 Raintree 0.48

Agoho 0.84 Guijo 0.70 Apitong 0.57 Bayok 0.44

Liusin 0.79 Binggas 0.70 Salakin 0.56 Almaciga 0.42

Yakal 0.76 Katmon 0.68 Pine 0.55 Manggasinoro 0.42

Narig 0.72 Gatasan 0.67 Lanutan-bagyo 0.53 Yemane 0.42

Manggachapui 0.71 Bok-bok 0.64 Miau 0.52

Molave 0.69 Kamatog 0.64 Palosapis 0.52

Lomarau 0.64 Malasaging 0.51

Kato 0.59 Vidal Lanutan 0.50

Pahutan 0.55 Gisau 0.50

Mahogany, big 0.54 Nato 0.49

leaf

Antipolo 0.52 Bagtikan 0.44

Narra 0.52 Malaanonang 0.41

Malakauayan 0.50 Lauan

Dao 0.48