Assignment No: Roll No.

Name of Assignment: Planner Machine

1. Differentiate between shaper and planner as regards relative tool and work motion.
1. Shaper and planer are both reciprocating machine tools and both of them are dovetail end
cutting tool primarily intended to produce flat surface, but they differ very much in
construction, operation and use.
2. The following are the main difference is the relative movement between the tool and the
work is different in a shaper and a planer.
3. In a planer, the work is mounted on a table which reciprocates while the tool is held rigid on
the machine frame and fed into the work.
4. In a shaper, lathe tool is held on a ram which reciprocates and the work which is mounted on
the table remains stationary and provides the feed.

2. Explain double housing planner with neat sketch.

1. The standard or double housing planer is most widely used in workshops. A double housing
planer has a long heavy base on which a table reciprocates on accurate guide-ways.
2. The length of the bed is little over twice the length of the table. Two massive vertical
housings or uprights are mounted near the middle of the base, one on each side of the bed.
3. To ensure rigidity of the structure, these two housings are connected at the top by a cast iron
member. The vertical faces of the two housings are accurately machined so that the horizontal
cross-rail carrying two tool-heads may slide upon it.
4. The tool-heads which hold the tools are mounted upon the cross-rail. These tools may be fed
either by hand or by power in crosswise or vertical direction.
5. In addition to these tool-heads, there are two other tool-heads which are mounted upon the
vertical face of the
housing. They can
also be moved cither
in a vertical or
horizontal direction
to apply feed. The
planer table may be
driven either by
mechanical or
hydraulic devices.
3. Give classification and specification of planner machine.
The planner machines are classified as follows.
1. Standard or double housing planer:
a. The standard or double housing planer is most widely used in workshops. A double housing
planer has a long heavy base on which a table reciprocates on accurate guide-ways.
b. The length of the bed is little over twice the length of the table. Two massive vertical
housings or uprights are mounted near the middle of the base, one on each side of the bed.
c. To ensure rigidity of the structure, these two housings are connected at the top by a cast iron
member. The vertical faces of the two housings are accurately machined so that the horizontal
cross-rail carrying two tool-heads may slide upon it. The tool-heads which hold the tools are
mounted upon the cross-rail. These tools may be fed either by hand or by power in crosswise or
vertical direction.
d. In addition to these tool-heads, there are two other tool-heads which are mounted upon the
vertical face of the housing. They can also be moved either in a vertical or horizontal dimension
to apply feed. The planer table may be driven cither by mechanical or hydraulic devices.

2. Openside planer:
a. An openside planer has housing only on one side of the base and the cross-rail is suspended
from the housing as a cantilever. This feature of the machine allows large and wide jobs to be
clamped on the table and reciprocated past the cutting tool.
b. One side of the planer being opened, large and wide jobs may project out of the table and
reciprocate without being interfered by the housing.
c. In a double housing planer, the maximum width of the job which can be machined is limited
by the distance between the two housings. As the single housing has to take up the entire load,
it is made extra-massive to resist the forces. Only three tool-heads are mounted on this
machine. The constructional and driving features of the machine are same as that of a double
housing planer.

3. Pit planer:
a. A pit type planer is massive in construction. It differs from an ordinary planer in that the table
is stationary and the column carrying the cross-rail reciprocates on massive horizontal rails
mounted on both sides of the table.
b. This type of planner is suitable for machining a very large work which cannot be
accommodated on a standard planer and the design saves much of floor space. The length of
the bed required in a pit type planer is little over the length of the table, whereas in a standard
planer the length of the bed is nearly twice the length of the table. The uprights and the cross-
rail are made sufficiently rigid to take up the forces while cutting.

4. Edge or plate planer:

a. The design of a plate or edge planer is totally unlike that of an ordinary planer. It is specially
intended for squaring and beveling the edges of steel plates used for different pressure vessels
and ship-building works.
b. One end of a long plate which remains stationary is clamped with the machine frame by a
large number of air operated clamps.
c. The cutting tool is attached to a carriage which is supported on two horizontal ways of the
planer on its front end.
d. The operator can stand on a platform extending from the carriage. The carriage holding the
tool reciprocates past the edge of the plate.
e. The feed and depth of cut is adjusted by the tool holder which can be operated from the
platform.

5. Divided table planer:

a. This type of planner has two tables on the bed while may be reciprocated separately or
together. This type of design saves of idle time while setting the work.
b. The setting up of a large number identical workpieces on the planning machine table takes
quiet. It may require as much time for setting up as may be necessary machining.
c. To have a continuous production one of the tables is used for setting up the work, while the
other reciprocates past the cutting finishing the work.
d. When the work on the second table is finished stopped and finished jobs are removed. Fresh
jobs are now set up on table while the first table holding the jobs now reciprocates past the
tool.
e. When a heavy and large job has to be machined, both the tables clamped together and are
given reciprocating movement under the tool.

Specifications of a Planner:
1. The size of a standard planer is specified by the size of the rectangular solid that can
reciprocate under the tool. T
2. The size of the solid is known by the distance between the two housings, the height of the
top of the table to the cross-rail in its uppermost position, and the maximum length of table
travel.
3. The length of the table always almost most equal to the table travel. Double housing planers
range from 750mmx 750mm x 2.5m at the smallest upto 3000mmx 3000mm x 18.25m at the
largest size.
4. Usually the distance between the housings and the height from the table to the cross-rail in
its highest position are equal. For this reason a planer may be roughly specified as 750 mm
planer or 3000 mm planer.
5. The size of an openside planer is specified by the size of the large job that can be machined
on its table. The size of the largest job is determined by the height of the cross-rail from the top
of the table, the maximum length of table travel and the planning width.
6. The maximum width of the job that can be machined is known as the planning width, which
is determined by the distance from the table side of the column to the tool in the outer
toolhead in a vertical position.
7. The toolhead extends beyond the table width by nearly 300 mm. Open side planers range
from 900 mm x 1200 mm x 2.5 m to 2500 mm x 2800 mm x 18.25 m.
8. In addition to these basic dimensions, other particulars such number of speeds and feeds
available, power input, floor space required, net weight of the machine, type of drive, etc. are
required to be stated in order to specify a planer fully.

4. Under what conditions planning operation would be preferred over other machining
processes like milling, broaching, shaping, etc.
The conditions under which planning operation is performed are as follows:
1. Planning vertical surfaces
2. Planning flat horizontal surfaces
3. Planning at an angle and machining dovetails.
4. Planning curved surfaces
5. Planning slots and grooves