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Naming Conventions

SAP has agreed to never create development objects whose names begin with a Y or a Z. SAP
customers (that’s you!) must give all objects that they create names that do begin with a Y or a Z.
This prevents the possibility of naming conflicts during an upgrade from one release of SAP to
another.

Also, in the following exercises you will see suggested object names. Each suggested object
name will contain XX or ZZ. To ensure that objects you create have different names from objects
that your classmates create, replace the XX or ZZ that you will see in the suggested object
names with the last two digits of your SAP Logon ID.
[When you are in a situation, where a dictionary object of your selected name already exists in
the system, then ask the instructor if you can delete the existing one, otherwise ask him to
suggest a new name for yours.]

In short: Begin all object names with a Y or a Z, and replace the XX or ZZ with the last two digits
of your SAP logon ID.

Developer Access Keys vs. Object Access Keys

The first time you try to create an object in SAP, the system will respond with a dialog box that
says, “You are not a registered developer.” The dialog box will prompt you for a 20-digit
Developer Access Key. The request for a developer access key will only appear once. After
you enter the key correctly, you will not be prompted for it again.

However, if you try to change an SAP-delivered object (or if you forget to name your object
beginning with a Y or a Z), you will be prompted for an Object Access Key. This is because
SAP registers and controls all customer changes to SAP-delivered objects. If you see this dialog
box during this course, you have made a mistake; click the cancel button in the dialog box.

It is easy to confuse a request for a developer access key with a request for an object access
key. One way to remember the difference is to remember the phrase, “You are not a registered
developer.” If the request contains this phrase, it is asking for a developer access key. If it does
not contain this phrase, it is asking for an object access key.

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Chapter 2 Exercises

The exercises for this chapter will teach you how to create and manipulate the basic objects of
the ABAP Dictionary: tables, data elements, and domains. You will also enter data into one of
your tables, and you will learn how to write a simple program that extracts data from an ABAP
Dictionary table.

If you require assistance at any point, please ask an instructor. Try to do the solutions for the
exercises yourself and if you find any difficulty consult the hands on instructor. Also, solutions are
provided in this book, but only refer to them as a last resort.

Exercise 2.1 Create the YXXEMP table.

This table will store basic information for all employees. All employees will have one entry in this
table.

Step 1: From SAP Initial Screen -> Go to Tools -> ABAP Workbench -> Development -> ABAP
Dictionary (tcode: SE11) to go to the ABAP Dictionary Initial Screen.

Step 2: Choose Database table and type YXXEMP in the space provided (replacing XX with
your 2-digit id). Then click the Create button.

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Choose Database
Table and type
YXXEMP in the
space provided.
Then click the
Create button.

Note: The name of the table in the ABAP Dictionary does not have to be the same as the name
of the corresponding entity type in the data model. However, in many cases, for clarity’s sake, it
may be logical to make them the same. Here, we are naming them the same.

Step 3: The table definition screen appears. Begin by entering some of the table’s general
attributes: short text, Delivery Class, and whether or not table maintenance is allowed. Enter C
for the Delivery Class, and click on the Tab.Maint.Allowed field.

Question 1: What is the primary function of the Delivery Class attribute? What does a value of
‘C’ in this field indicate?

Hint: Turning on the Tab.Maint.Allowed attribute permits the table’s data to be edited by SE16,
SE11, ideally you should turn off Tab.Maint.Allowed and create a Table Maintenance Generator
for the table (See appendix to know about Table Maintenance Generator) to maintain entries
through SAP Table Maintenance Transactions such as SM30 and SM31.

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1. Enter a short description for

the table.
2. Then, enter ‘C’ the Delivery
Class.
3. Finally, select
Display/Maintenance Allowed

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Step 4: Next, enter the name of the first field in the table. This will be the Employee ID Number.
Call this field EMP_ID. Since this field is part of the primary key of this table (in fact, it is the only
field in the primary key of this table), click on the Key attribute.

Enter the first field name (EMP_ID).

Then click on the Key attribute.

Hint: Depending on your monitor and depending on the font you have selected in SAP, you may
not see very many fields in the field definition area.

Hint: Notice that names of customer-created fields do not have to begin with a Y or a Z. Fields
only have meaning within the particular table for which they are defined, and they are not
individual objects within the ABAP Dictionary. Names of customer-created tables, data elements,
and domains, however, must begin with a Y or a Z. Tables, data elements, and domains exist as
individual objects within the ABAP Dictionary.

Step 5: Next, enter the data element for this field. In this case, use a new data element called
YXXEMP_ID. Once you have entered the data element name, double-click on the name of the
data element.

Enter the name of the data

element (YXXEMPID). Then
double-click on the name of
the data element

Step 6: Double-clicking on the name of the data element brings up the Create Data Element
dialog box. Click the green check mark to indicate that you wish to continue creating the data
element.

Step 7: Next, you see the data element definition tab. Enter a short text. This will appear
beside the name of the field on the table definition screen. Then, enter YXXEMPID as the
domain name.

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1. Enter a short
description.

2. Then, enter
YXXEMPID as
the domain name

Step 8: Next, enter the field labels in the Field label tab. These are the labels that will appear on
end-user screens when fields are “painted” onto those screens from the dictionary. Fill in short,
medium and long field labels. It is also advisable to fill in a “header” label (which is used if the
field is painted into something known as a “table control”).

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Enter fields’
labels: short,
medium, and long,
and a header label

Step 9: Next, double-click on the name of the domain that you entered in Step 7. Click the green
check mark in the Create Domain dialog box that appears.

Step 10: Enter a short text, and a data type and length for the domain. You may see the various
data types available by hitting F4 in the Data type field. For this domain, use type CHAR and
length 10.

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Enter a short
text, data type,
and a field
length

Step 11: Now you are ready to activate your domain. Click the activation symbol on the
application toolbar. You will be prompted to enter a package and a change request. After the
domain is activated, you will see a message at the bottom of the screen, and the status of the
domain change to “Active” and “Saved”.

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Click the activation
symbol

After entering a
Package & a
change request,
the status of the
domain will
change.

Hint: ABAP Dictionary Objects must be activated before they are visible to other objects in the
system. After you make changes to a dictionary object, you must re-activate it. A common
mistake is to revise an object and then forget to re-activate it.

Step 12: Next, click the green arrow to return to your data element. Now that the domain has
been activated, you may activate the data element. Click the activation symbol. Enter your
package & change request when prompted. You should see a message at the bottom of the
screen saying that the data element was activated, and the status will change to “Active” and
“Saved”.

Step 13: Click the green arrow to return to the table definition screen.

Hint: If you are unable to complete your work on a table in one sitting, save the table without
activating it (make sure you are on the table definition screen). To return to the table later, go to
your package. Drill down through Dictionary objects, and then Tables, until you see the name of
your table. Double-click on the table name. This will bring you back to the table definition screen.
Enter change mode by clicking the Display<->Change button on the toolbar. To add new fields to
the table, click the ‘New rows’ button. You may need to reduce the size of your font in order for
the field display to work appropriately.

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Display <-> Change

button

To add new fields to

the table click the
‘New rows ‘button.

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Step 14: Complete the definition for table YXXEMP by entering the following fields, data
elements, and domains. You will create your own data elements for each field. For some fields,
you will use pre-defined domains, and for other fields, you will create your own domains.

Field Name Data Element Domain Type Length

LAST_NAME YXXLNAME CHAR25 pre-defined pre-defined
FIRST_NAME YXXFNAME CHAR25 pre-defined pre-defined
HLTH_PLAN YXXHLTHPLN YXXHLTHPLN NUMC 4

Note: The HLTH_PLAN field is to contain the ID of the health plan the employee has selected.
This field will eventually point to the YXXHEALTH table.

Note: In reality, this table would contain more fields than this. To save time, you are only
creating these three fields.

Step 15: Click the activation symbol. Enter your Package and Change request when prompted.

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Step 16: The Maintain Technical Settings screen will appear. Enter ‘USER’ as the data class
and ‘0’ as the size category. Save the technical settings and click the green arrow. You will
return to the table definition screen, and the table’s status will change to “Active” and “Saved”.

Second, click the save icon.

Then, click the green arrow.

First, enter the data

class and size category.

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Question 2: What does the data class control? What does a value of ‘USER’ indicate?

Question 3: What does the size category control? In this case, what does a value of ‘0’
represent?

Step 17: From the table definition screen, click the green arrow to return to the ABAP Dictionary:
Initial Screen.

Exercise 2.2 Create Additional Tables

Create the YXXHEALTH, YXXHOURLY, YXXSALARIED, and YXXPARTNER tables. Use the
following fields, data elements, and domains. The YXXHOURLY, YXXSALARIED, and
YXXPARTNER tables will each have one entry for every employee assigned to that particular
type of earnings. Each employee must belong to one and only one type of earnings table. The
YXXHEALTH table has one entry for each type of health plan to which the employees could
belong.

Important Note: As of SAP Release 4.6C, you may not have a table and a data element
with the same name.

YXXHEALTH
Field Name Ke Data Element Domain Type Length
y
PLAN_ID X YXXHLTHPLN YXXHLTHPLN NUMC 4
DESCR YXXDESCR YXXDESCR CHAR 80
ANN_PREM YXXANNPREM YXXANNPREM DEC 6

PLAN_ID is the health plan ID.

DESCR is a description of the health plan.
ANN_PREM is the annual premium for belonging to this health plan.

YXXHOURLY
Field Name Key Data Element Domain Type Length
EMP_ID X YXXEMPID YXXEMPID CHAR 10
HOUR_RATE YXXHOURRAT YXXHOURRAT NUMC 4

Even though type CURR would be more appropriate for HOURLY_RAT, the system will
not administer a check on the fixed values that you will create in future exercises. You
will learn how to perform necessary checks programmatically in the next module.
EMP_ID is the employee ID.
HOUR_RATE is the hourly rate the employee is paid.

YXXSALARIED
Field Name Ke Data Element Domain Type Length
y
EMP_ID X YXXEMPID YXXEMPID CHAR 10
SALARY YXXSALARY YXXSALARY DEC 8

EMP_ID is the employee ID.

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SALARY is the annual salary the employee is paid.

YXXPARTNER
Field Name Ke Data Element Domain Type Length
y
EMP_ID X YXXEMPID YXXEMPID CHAR 10
NUM_SHARES YXXNUMSHAR DEC7 pre-defined pre-defined

EMP_ID is the employee ID.

NUM_SHARES is the number of shares the partner owns.

Exercise 2.3 Explicitly Limit Values for Domains

Valid values for domains can be restricted two ways: by explicitly listing (“hard-coding”) fixed
values in the domain itself, and by specifying a value table.

Hourly employees are always paid between $5.00 and $35.00 per hour. Explicitly list this
restriction in the domain for the hourly rate.

Step 1: From SAP Initial Screen -> Go to Tools -> ABAP Workbench -> Development -> ABAP
Dictionary (tcode: SE11) to go to the ABAP Dictionary Initial Screen.

Step 2: Choose Domain and type YXXHOURRAT in the space provided (replacing XX with your
2-digit id).

Step 3: Then click the Change button.

Step 4: Go to the ‘Value range’ tab.

Step 5: Enter 5 as the lower limit and 35 as the upper limit. Enter a short text describing the
limit.

Step 6: Click the Save icon to save your changes. Then click the green arrow to return to the
primary domain definition screen.

Step 7: Click the activation symbol to re-activate your domain.

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Exercise 2.4 Limit a Domain’s Values by Using a Value Table

The only valid employee ID’s are the ones contains in the YXXEMP table. Change the
YXXEMPID domain so that the value table is listed as YXXEMP.

Step 1: Proceed to the definition screen for domain YXXEMPID. Enter change mode.

Step 2: Enter YXXEMP as the value table in the space provided (about halfway down the
screen).

Step 3: Re-activate your domain.

Similarly, the only valid health plan ID’s are those that are listed in the YXXHEALTH table.

Step 4: Modify domain YXXHLTHPLN so that the value table is YXXHEALTH. Re-activate the
domain when you are finished.

Chapter 3 Exercises

In the previous exercises, you established the basic objects to be used for a simplified payroll
processing system. In addition to establishing the tables, data elements, and domains, you also
established value tables for certain domains in order to ensure data integrity within the system.
Now you will take this a step further by establishing appropriate foreign keys in the ABAP
Dictionary.

Exercise 3.1 Establish a Foreign Key Relationship between the YXXEMP

and the YXXHOURLY Tables

Step 1: Proceed to the dictionary definition of the YXXHOURLY table. Enter change mode.

Step 2: Establish a foreign key relationship to the YXXEMP table on the EMP_ID field. Be sure
to specify the appropriate cardinality and foreign key field type

Step 3: When you are finished, re-activate the YXXHOURLY table.

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Exercise 3.2 Establish Foreign Key Relationships from Tables
YXXSALARY, YXXPARTNER, and YXXEMP

Step 1: Establish the following foreign key relationships:

From: To:
Table Field Table Field
YXXSALARIED EMP_ID YXXEMP EMP_ID
YXXPARTNER EMP_ID YXXEMP EMP_ID
YXXEMP HLTH_PLAN YXXHEALTH PLAN_ID

Chapter 4 Exercises

The purpose of these exercises is to give you familiarity with manipulating existing tables, their
structures, and their data.

Exercise 4.1 Use of the Table Copy Capability.

Often times you must create a table and there is already a similar table on the database. So why
reinvent the wheel? In the ABAP Workbench you can create a table then copy the elements of
another table into your new table. Additionally it is possible to copy complete tables and then add
fields.

Step 1: From SAP Initial Screen -> Go to Tools -> ABAP Workbench -> Development -> ABAP
Dictionary (tcode: SE11) to go to the ABAP Dictionary Initial Screen.

Step 2: Choose Database table and type YXXEMP in the space provided (replacing XX with
your 2-digit id).

Step 3: Click the Copy icon on the application toolbar. In the dialog box that appears, enter
YXXEMP_CP as the new table name. Then click the green check mark.

Step 4: Enter your package and change request when prompted.

Step 5: Go to SE11 again and open the newly created table YXXEMP_CP and activate it.

Question 1: To what package does the SAP standard table KUNNR belongs?

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Exercise 4.2 Creating Indexes

Step 1: In the employee table (YXXEMP), there is often a need to access records by employee
name. To improve the efficiency of this process, create a secondary index on the last name and
first name fields. (Create one index ‘NAM’ that sort by last name, then by first name.)

Exercise 4.3 Adding Data to Your Table

From SAP Initial Screen go to Tools --> ABAP Workbench --> Overview --> Data Browser
(transaction SE16) to add records to your health plan and employee tables.

Step 1: Create two fictitious health plans. Give them ID’s, names (descriptions), and annual
premiums.

Step 2: Create three fictitious employees. Make one a partner, one a salaried employee, and
one an hourly employee. Give each one of them, appropriate pay information. (You will need to
access four tables: YXXEMP, YXXPARTNER, YXXSALARIED, and YXXHOURLY.)

Note: It is also possible to add entries to a table by accessing the table through your package.
Go into the ABAP Dictionary: Change Table/Structure Fields screen and choose menu option
Utilities  Table contents Create Entries.

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Chapter 5 Exercises

The exercises for this chapter will familiarize you with creating and using structures (tables of
type INTTAB) in SAP.

Exercise 5.1 Create an Address Structure

Your employee table, YXXEMP, does not yet contain information about employee’s addresses.
Because address information is likely to be stored in several tables (for example, in customer and
vendor tables as well as the employee table), you will create a structure to provide the
appropriate field definition. That structure can then be included into the employee table, as well
as into any other tables where it may be needed in the future.

Step 1: Create the structure YXXADDR. (In SE11 select radio button ‘Data Type’ and select
‘Structure’ in the popup that appears.

YXXADDR
Field Name Data Element Domain Type Length
ADDR1 YXXADDR1 CHAR50 Pre-defined Pre-defined
ADDR2 YXXADDR2 CHAR50 Pre-defined Pre-defined
CITY YXXCITY CHAR50 Pre-defined Pre-defined
REGION YXXEGION CHAR10 Pre-defined Pre-defined
POST_CODE YXXPOSTCD CHAR15 Pre-defined Pre-defined
COUNTRY LAND1_GP Pre-defined Pre-defined Pre-defined

ADDR1 is the first line of the address.

ADDR2 is the second line of the address.
CITY is the city.
REGION is the province or state.
POST_CODE is the postal code.
COUNTRY is the country.

Step 2: Activate the structure

Step 3: Include the structure YXXADDR in the table YXXEMP. Do not forget to re-activate table
YXXEMP.

Exercise 5.2 Add Data to YXXEMP Using the Structure

Step 1: Go to transaction SE16.

Step 2: Enter YXXEMP as the table name and click the Display push button on the toolbar.

Step 3: A selection screen appears. Click the Execute push button on the toolbar (or hit F8)
without entering any selection criteria.

Step 4: Choose one of your entries, and then click the Change push button on the toolbar.

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Step 5: Notice that you now have additional fields to enter the employee’s address. Enter an
address, and then save your work.

Chapter 6 Exercises

The purpose of these exercises is to give you experience using the ABAP Repository Information
System. This facility can provide a great deal of information on objects created and maintained
within SAP.

Exercise 6.1 Researching the University Data Model

SAP provides a sample data model called the University Model. Corresponding dictionary
objects have also been created by SAP for this data model.

Step 1: Create and print a list of all tables in the university model. Tables in this data model all
have names beginning with the letter U. Their delivery class is A.

Step 2: Choose one table from the result list for Step 1. For that table, find the list of all fields,
domains, and data elements used in that table.

Exercise 6.2 Miscellaneous Queries

1) Search for all tables beginning with the string KNA*.

2) Display field list for table KNA1.
3) Display only KNA1 fields with the string *Customer* in the short description.
4) Display all fields in tables beginning with KNA*, with CHAR data types, lengths less than 20,
and *Customer* in the short description.
5) Display all tables that uses the check table UPERS.
6) Display all search helps that begin with M*.
7) Find a NUMC domain of field length 4, where the output length is different than the field
length.
8) Find all data elements that use domain NUMC4.

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Exercise 6.3 Finding Tables that are related to One Another

Step 1: In the customer master tables the country key is kept in table KNA1. Find the table
where the country description/name is kept (e.g., for country key US --> United States).

Note: This exercise is especially similar to the type of research you may be required to do on a
project.

Hints:
1) Concentrate on the foreign key relationship.
2) Related tables are often named with the same base prefix and a different suffix (i.e.
TXXX, TXXXA, TXXXB would all be related text tables).

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Chapter 7 Exercises

Exercise 7.1 Changing a Dictionary Structure

Step 1: Shorten the City field in your YXXADDR structure. To do this, navigate to the YXXCITY
data element. Change the domain from CHAR50 to CHAR60.

Step 2: Re-activate the YXXCITY data element. You may get a warning about the length of the
header label. If so, hit Enter to navigate past this warning.

Step 3: Next you will see a warning that dependent tables may need to be converted. Click
Continue.

Step 4: Next you will see a log of messages from the Database Utility. These messages will tell
you that it was possible to successfully alter/adjust the YXXADDR structure and the YXXEMP
table.

Exercise 7.2 Changing a Table Type

Step 1: Change the type of your table YXXEMP_CP from Transparent to Structure. You may
do this by selecting Extras -> Change table category… from the menu in the table definition
screen (you must be in change mode). Do not forget to re-activate the object.

Exercise 7.3 Maintaining Versions

Choose one of your transparent tables and maintain various versions of the object. Refer to
Chapter 8 in your manual for additional guidance. Remember that only temporary versions of
active objects can be stored. Therefore, in order to have different temporary versions, you will
need to 1) store a temporary version of your active object, 2) change that active object and
reactivate it, 3) then store another temporary version.

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Chapter 8 Exercises

Exercise 8.1 Creating a View

Hint: Follow the step-by-step instructions contained in the appendices in your manual as you
complete this exercise.

Step 1: Using the University Data Model, create a view that provides an overview of courses
(identified by course number), the course titles, faculties that offer them (need both faculty
number and name), and the professors (identified by professor number) responsible for teaching
those courses. Define a view (YXXKU) that fulfills those requirements.

Choose the type of view carefully. The requirement calls for multiple tables to be included in the
view. Maintenance status is “R” for read-only. The tables you will need to use are UKURS and
UFACH.

Step 2: Using the data that exists in the tables, test your view via one of the following methods:

Method 1: Use a simple ABAP program.

Refer to Appendix on view.

Method 2: Execute the View.

Go to SE16. Give the name of the view and click on the table contents push button in the
application toolbar.

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Exercise 8.2 Changing a View

Step 1: The view is now to include course descriptions as well as course titles. You will need to
add table UKRSB to your view. The course descriptions in table UKRSB are language-
dependent. Establish selection criteria for the view so that course descriptions are limited to
either German or English (choose one).

Note: Course titles, as well as faculty titles, are not language-dependent, and they only exist in
German. Course descriptions, however, are in the database in both German and English. You
must choose which language you would like to use in your view.

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Chapter 9 Exercises

Exercise 9.1 Creating Search Help

Let’s assume your employee table is used in a transaction. More than likely, you will need to
enter the employee ID number rather than the employee name on a screen. You want to provide
the user with the ability to search for the appropriate employee ID based on the employee name.
Design a search help to attach to the employee ID field.

Step 1: Create an elementary search help using the workbench. Name your search help
YXX_SEARCH_HELP. The selection method should be your employee table (YXXEMP).

Step 2: Indicate the dialog type setting that will create a complex dialog where you can narrow
your search.

Step 3: Select the appropriate fields so that your search help will return the employee ID based
on the specified employee last or first name.

Step 4: List the Employee ID and full name on this hit list.

Step 5: Do not have Employee ID appear on the complex dialog.

Step 6: Activate the search help.

Step 7: Attach the search help to your employee ID field in the YXXEMP table.

Step 8: Test your search help using the following method:

Execute the Table.

Go to SE16. Give the name of the table YXXEMP and click on the table contents push button
in the application toolbar. The Selection screen appears. Place the cursor on Employee ID
field and hit the F4 function key.

QUESTION: How would you design a search help to retrieve an employee ID only if the
employee is salaried?

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Chapter 10 Exercises

Exercise 10.1 Create Data Element Documentation

You will add documentation to your tables YXXEMP and YXXHEALTH. Pick a field from each
table. (E.g. EMP_ID from YXXEMP and PLAN_ID from YXXHEALTH)

Step 1: Maintain the documentation for the data elements. (E.g. YXXEMPID and YXXHLTHPLN)

Step 2: Maintain supplemental documentation for the data element. Follow instructions in
Chapter 11 of your manual to create data element supplemental documentation.

Exercise 10.2 Create a Type Group

Step 1: Create a Type Group YTYXX in the ABAP Dictionary, which contains the fields shown
below. This type group will be used later in the exercises for the programming portion of the
course.

Type Group Field Name Type Length

YTYXX YTYXX_PACK7 P 7
YTYXX_PACK9 P 9 (Decimals = 2)

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