Paired Observation Test

Dr. Elmanani Simamora, M.Si

DR. ELMANANI SIMAMORA, M.SI 20/04/2020 1

Your best quote that reflects your
approach… “It’s one small step for
man, one giant leap for mankind.”

- NEIL ARMSTRONG

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Paired Observation Test is considered as the correlation between two
population “before” and “after” which the experimental unit is the
individual.

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Paired Observation Test

Purpose of the Practicum

Test the difference in the average of the two groups in pairs with the
Paired T Test.

Educational Research Issues

1. Is there a difference in the pre-test scores with the post-test scores of semester VIII
natural science subjects in class subjects?
2. Is there a difference in the IELT score (English proficiency) before taking the course
and after the course?

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Case study
The following is the data of the pretest and posttest grades of VIII grade junior high
school students of natural science subjects.

Test whether there is a difference between pre test and post test scores? If there are
differences, which of the two is the better value? (Use a significance level of 5%)
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Independent Test
SPSS Procedure
1. Run the SPSS 22 program, select “Variable View “ at the bottom.
2. Fill in the Name column "PreTest" in the first row with decimals worth 2,
and "PostTest" in the second row with decimals worth 2.

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Paired Observation Test
SPSS Procedure
3. Select Data View and enter the pre test and post test data as follows.

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Independent Test
SPSS Procedure
4. Select from the following Analyze menu
Analyze → Compare Mean → Paired-Samples T Test.

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Independent Test
SPSS Procedure
5. Enter the PreTest and PostTest variables in the Paired Variables box

6. Click Ok

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Independent Test
SPSS Procedure

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Readings of Analysis Results
1. The Paired Samples Statistics table displays the pre test (top row) and post test
(bottom row) values with parameters: average, sample size, standard deviation,
and average standard error.
2. Paired Samples Correlations table displays the correlation test of pre-test and
post-test values. Research Hypothesis:
Ho: There is no relationship between pre-test and post-test with inquiry learning.
H1: There is a relationship between pre-test and post-test with inquiry learning.
Sig (0.004) < α (0.05), then Ho is rejected. So there is a relationship between pre-
test and post-test with inquiry learning with the level of relationship/correlation is
quite large, namely 0.817.

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Readings of Analysis Results
3. The Paired Samples Test table displays a different test of pre test and post test after
treatment / inquiry learning. Research Hypothesis:
Ho: There is no difference between pre-test and post-test with inquiry learning.
H1: There is a difference between pre-test and post-test and inquiry learning.

1
Sig (2-tailed = 0,000) < 𝛼 (0.025), then Ho is rejected. So there is a difference in the
2
pre-test and post-test scores after the inquiry treatment / learning. In other words inquiry
learning influences the post test results.

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Example of Manual Procedure

Example of Manual Procedure, you have to reading an ebook Probability &

Statistics for Engineers & Scientists (Walpole) p 348

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