Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Design Considerations For Overpressure Protection For Overpressure Protection
Design Considerations For Overpressure Protection For Overpressure Protection
Course
Design Considerations
for
Overpressure Protection
Overpressure Protection
2
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /3
Course Contents
3
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /4
INTRODUCTION
TO
RELIEF SYSTEMS
4
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /5
Relief Systems
Relief Systems
6
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /7
7
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /8
8
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /9
Rupture Disks
9
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /10
Emergency Vents
10
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /11
Relief Systems
11
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /12
Open Discharge
12
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /13
Closed Discharge
13
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /14
Flare Stack
Flare Header
Relief valve
Flare Knockout
Rupture Disk Drum
14
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /15
15
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /16
ASME
- Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section I
- Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII
- Power Piping B31.1
- Chemical Plant/Petroleum Refinery Piping B31.3
Client specifications
16
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /17
17
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /18
18
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /19
19
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /20
Required data:
•Heat and Material Balances
•Process Flow Diagrams (PFD’s)
•Piping and Instrumentation Drawings (P&ID’s)
•Equipment Data (Vessel drawings, pump curves, etc.)
•Instrument Data (Control valve detail, RO sizes, etc.)
•Chemical Physical Properties
•Inlet/Outlet Piping Isometrics
20
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /21
21
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /22
22
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /23
Simmer - The audible or visual release of fluid across the PRV just
prior to opening at set pressure. Excessive simmering is
detrimental to valve seating surfaces.
23
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /24
24
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /25
Built-up back pressure - The pressure that develops (builds up) in the
discharge header when the relief valve opens.
25
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /26
FRICTION
LOSS = 5PSIG
8 " WATER
SEAL FLARE STACK
FLARE KO DRUM
27
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /28
Causes of Overpressure
28
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /29
29
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /30
Causes of Overpressure/Underpressure
30
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /31
31
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /32
(Per Table A.4 of API 2000, 6th edition, November 2009 for tank
capacities of 630,000 or less)
32
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /33
33
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /34
(Per Table A.4 of API 2000, 6th edition, November 2009 for tank
capacities of 630,000 or less)
34
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /35
Inbreathing/Outbreathing
35
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /36
36
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /37
37
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /38
Example
LC
Suction P = 20 psig
38
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /39
8.5” impeller
• shutoff P = 293.6 ft/2.31 = 127 psig, add 20 psig suction P
10” impeller
• shutoff P = 410 ft/2.31 = 177 psig, add 20 psig suction P
40
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /41
41
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /42
CSO or LO valves can eliminate the need for thermal relief valves.
The client must agree that the valves are under administrative control.
42
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /43
43
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /44
External Fire
44
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /45
External Fire
45
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /46
Asphalt
46
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /47
Q = 34500A 0.82 (for remote, unmanned areas and areas with poor
firefighting facilities or poor drainage)
47
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /48
Vapor expansion:
Relief Area A = FAsurface/P10.5
48
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /49
50
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /51
For local control valve failure, consider both fully open and
fully closed positions regardless of the actuator failure mode.
Credit can be taken for flow paths which are normally open
and are not affected by this failure, and no “double jeopardy”
scenarios should be considered.
51
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /52
For the most conservative relief device size, use the largest
trim size available for the valve body when evaluating a failed
open valve.
52
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /53
- Critical Flow
53
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /54
D1 D2
L1
L2
V-2
P-1 FV-1
56
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /57
V-2
LV-1
Tubes of shell and tube heat exchangers may fail due to thermal
shock, mechanical vibration, corrosion, maintenance error.
Designing to the ‘0.77 rule’ does not mean that tubes can no
longer rupture.
•Must evaluate possible overpressure of connected equipment and/or
possibility of chemical reaction.
Credit is taken for normally open paths (i.e. low pressure side
outlet line is not considered blocked)
58
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /59
V-5
T-5
DP = Pdes = 231 psig
60
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /61
Human Error
61
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /62
Chemical Reactions
62
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /63
Utility Failures
Local or Global
Electric power failure
Steam Failure
Cooling Water Failure
Refrigerant Failure
Instrument air failure
Boiler Feedwater failure
63
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /64
Cascading Failures
64
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /65
“Token” Valves
65
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /66
66
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /67
67
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /68
68
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /69
In reality…
Vessel fabrication is typically a long-lead item. The
vessel fabrication and the U-1 form are finished long
before an engineer is tasked with performing
pressure relief analysis.
Manufacturers may be reluctant to indicate
“overpressure protection is provided by system
design” on the U-1 form because they are providing
the vessel, not the entire system.
69
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /70
70
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /71
71
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /72
72
AIChE – DVS
\\nchi14p20001\vlopez$\Personal\KBR Roadshow Presentation for Cedric 1 of 6.ppt - May 19 2006 - 12:37 /73
Questions?
73
AIChE – DVS